Abstract This study aimed to estimate the parameters related to the genetic control of the physical characteristics of the fruits, oil content, and oil yield, and to proceed with the selection of macaw palm accessions. Forty-four macaw palm accessions of the active germplasm collection of the Federal University of Viçosa were collected for the evaluation of epicarp dry matter, pulp dry matter, endocarp dry matter, kernel dry matter, oil content, and oil yield. Narrow-sense individual heritability estimates were considered as of intermediate magnitude. The coefficient of repeatability and the accuracy in family selection was of high magnitude. Oil yield per plant presented the highest coefficient of individual genetic variation. Five different accessions contributed to the ten first individuals selected by the individual BLUP. The Mulamba and Mock’s rank index allowed classifying the accessions in a sequence favorable to selection.

RESUMO A demanda e produção mundial de energia primária deverá crescer à taxa de 1,4 % ao ano, até 2035. No mesmo período, a produção de energias renováveis deverá crescer à taxa de 6,6 % ao ano, passando de 3 % para 9 % de energia primária mundial. Logo, a oferta de biocombustíveis assume papel estratégico para a segurança energética mundial. Neste contexto, o sorgo é uma alternativa promissora no setor bioenergético, devido às suas características agronômicas e adaptabilidade às condições edafoclimáticas limitantes. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial produtivo de três grupos agronômicos de sorgo (biomassa, sacarino e forrageiro), bem como caracterizar quimicamente a biomassa desses materiais. Para isso, conduziu-se um experimento utilizando-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, no qual foram realizadas avaliações agronômicas, químicas (celulose, hemicelulose, lignina e cinzas) e teores de umidade. As cultivares de sorgo biomassa apresentaram alta produtividade (cerca de 30 t ha-1 de colmo seco), sendo, por isso, mais indicadas para a geração de biocombustíveis sólidos, isto é, queima direta. Já as cultivares de sorgo forrageiro apresentaram menor teor de lignina nos colmos, em relação às demais cultivares, sendo indicadas para a geração de biocombustíveis líquidos. Destaca-se, ainda, a possibilidade de produção de bioetanol de segunda geração a partir do bagaço de sorgo sacarino. Logo, o sorgo apresenta diferentes potenciais de uso que podem ser explorados pelo setor de bioenergia de acordo com o grupo agronômico e a parte física da planta.

ABSTRACT The global demand and production of primary energy is expected to grow at a rate of 1.4 % per year by 2035. In the same period, the production of renewable energy is expected to grow at a rate of 6.6 % per year, rising from 3 % to 9 % of world primary energy. Therefore, the biofuels supply assumes a strategic role for world energy security. In this context, sorghum is a promising alternative in the bioenergetic sector, due to its agronomic characteristics and adaptability to limiting edaphoclimatic conditions. This study aimed at evaluating the productive potential of three sorghum agronomic groups (biomass, saccharin and forage), as well as chemically characterizing the biomass of these materials. For that, a field experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, where agronomic and chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash), as well as moisture contents, were evaluated. The biomass sorghum cultivars presented a high yield (about 30 t ha-1 of dry stalk), being, for this reason, more suitable for the generation of solid biofuels, i.e., direct burning. On the other hand, the forage sorghum cultivars presented a lower lignin content in the stalks, in relation to the other cultivars, being indicated for the generation of liquid biofuels. It is also worth mentioning the possibility of producing second-generation bioethanol from saccharin sorghum bagasse. Therefore, sorghum presents different use potentials that may be exploited by the bioenergy sector according to the agronomic group and plant physical part.

Abstract The objective of this study was to select a population of sugarcane clones to develop energy cane cultivars. The genotypic means of 124 clones were estimated for the yield-related traits: mean number of stalks per plant (NS), mean stalk weight (MSW), fiber content (FIB), lignin content (LIG), and sucrose content in cane juice (SPC). From these data, the traits tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of fiber per hectare (TFH) and tons of lignin per hectare (TLH) were estimated. The clone effects were statistically significant (p <0.01) for all traits except TLH and LIG. Clone UFV09251 had the highest genotypic values for TFH and TCH. Clone UFV09270 had a high fiber content (15.04%) and clone UFV09225 a high sucrose content (14.05%). The correlation between TFH and TCH was high (0.89). Clone UFV09251 is highly promising as energy cane cultivar, for producing most TCH and FIB.

Neste trabalho, foram estudados os perfis cromatográficos dos compostos voláteis de 21 amostras de cafés comerciais brasileiros submetidos a diferentes processos industriais, i.e., descafeinados e com diferentes graus de torra (médio e extraforte). Os voláteis foram coletados por microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME) e analisados por GC-FID e GC-MS. As matrizes de dados cromatográficos (perfis) obtidas, a partir dessas análises, foram exploradas por análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise discriminante por quadrados mínimos parciais (PLS-DA). Inicialmente, os dados cromatográficos foram alinhados utilizando-se o algorítimo correlation optimized warping (COW). A PCA demonstrou a diferenciação dos cafés descafeinados em relação às outras classes de café, com ambas as fibras de SPME utilizadas. Essa separação, provavelmente, ocorreu em razão do desaparecimento de algumas espécies precursoras de voláteis durante o processo de descafeinação, tal como sacarose. Os modelos PLS-DA, para ambas as fibras testadas, PDMS/DVB e CX/PDMS, classificaram corretamente 100% das amostras, de acordo com o grau de torra (médio e extraforte); a principal diferença entre as classes foi a diferença de concentração de alguns compostos voláteis, tais como 2-metilfurano, 2-metilbutanal, 2,3-pentanodiona, pirazina, 2-pirrol carboxaldeído, furfural e 2-furan metanol.

The fingerprints of the volatile compounds of 21 commercial Brazilian coffee samples submitted to different industrial processing i.e. decaffeinated or different roasting degrees (traditional and dark) were studied. The volatiles were collected by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The chromatographic data matrices (fingerprints) obtained were explored by the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares - discriminative analysis (PLS-DA). Initially the chromatographic profiles were aligned by the algorithm correlation optimized warping (COW). The PCA showed the discrimination of the decaffeinated coffees from the others with both the SPME fibres used. This separation probably occurred due to the loss of some volatile precursors during the decaffeination process, such as sucrose. For both the fibres tested, PDMS/DVB and CX / PDMS SPME, the PLS-DA models correctly classified 100% of the samples according to their roasting degree: (medium and dark), the main differences being the concentrations of some of the volatile compounds such as 2-methyl furan, 2-methylbutanal, 2,3-pentanedione, pyrazine, 2-carboxyaldehyde pyrrole, furfural and 2-furanmethanol.