Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial de briófitas ocorrentes na Ilha de Mosqueiro, na Amazônia. Foram selecionadas 41 parcelas de 100 m² em ambientes alagados e não alagados para coleta de dados. Os resultados foram comparados com os levantamentos de outras ilhas do estado do Pará e analisados segundo frequência de populações, substratos colonizados, guildas de tolerância à luz e distribuição nos biomas brasileiros. Foram registradas 97 espécies, distribuídas em 36 gêneros e 18 famílias, sendo 57 (58,7%) hepáticas e 40 (41,2%) espécies de musgo. As espécies raras se destacaram com 53 espécies (54,08%). Observou-se alta similaridade entre as comunidades corticícolas e epíxilas, e entre a comunidade terrícola e com as briófitas encontradas crescendo no carvão, que é um substrato artificial. Em relação às guildas de tolerância à luz, prevaleceu a espécie generalista (52 espécies, 53,6%). Quanto à distribuição fitogeográfica, houve predomínio de espécies com ocorrência na Amazônia e Mata Atlântica (35 espécies, 37,11%) e espécies endêmicas da Amazônia (10 espécies, 10,3%). Ceratolejeunea ceratantha é relatada pela primeira vez para o estado do Pará. O nível de antropização na ilha foi evidenciado principalmente pela alta riqueza e ocorrência de espécies generalistas e bem adaptadas às condições de estresse, evidenciando alterações na estrutura da comunidade de briófitas.

Abstract The present study is aimed to evaluate the richness, composition and spatial distribution of bryophytes occurring in Mosqueiro Island, in the Amazon forest. Forty-one 100-m² plots in 37 flooded and 4 non-flooded environments were selected for data collection, all substrate found were considered. The results were compared with surveys in other islands from the state of Pará and were analyzed according to frequency of populations, colonized substrates, light tolerance guilds, and distribution in Brazilian biomes. Ninety-seven species were recorded, distributed in 36 genera and 17 families, being 57 (58.7%) liverwort and 40 (41.2%) moss species. The rare species stood out with 53 species (54.08%). High similarity was observed between corticolous and epixylic communities, and between the terricolous community and the bryophytes found growing on charcoal, which is an artificial substrate. In relation to light tolerance guilds, generalist species prevailed (52 species, 53.6%). As for phytogeographic distribution, there was a predominance of taxa with occurrence in the Amazon and Atlantic rainforest (35 species, 37.11%). Ceratolejeunea ceratantha is reported for the first time for the state of Pará. The level of anthropization in the island was showed mainly by high richness and occurrence of generalist species underscores and well-adapted species to stressed conditions, evidencing changes in the bryophyte community structure.

Resumo A Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, localizada no Arquipélago do Marajó, foi criada para proteger sua biodiversidade e garantir a sustentabilidade dos seus ecossistemas, no entanto os problemas ambientais locais têm se tornado cada vez mais frequentes. Neste sentido, esse trabalho objetivou quantificar o nível de percepção ambiental, em quatro categorias de análise, nas comunidades pertencentes à esta Unidade de Conservação, a partir da elaboração de uma classificação de scores (de 1 a 10). Para tal, foram aplicados formulários estruturados na escala de Likert de 5 pontos. Os resultados foram quantificados e revelaram que os scores nas quatro categorias analisadas são elevados (acima de 9), indicando um alto nível de percepção. Além do mais, apresentou relação com a idade, escolaridade e número de pessoas no lar. Constatada a alta percepção, recomenda-se que as ações de sensibilização realizadas pelo órgão gestor da reserva sejam mantidas, a fim de preservar esses saberes.

Abstract The Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, located in the Marajó Archipelago, was created to protect its biodiversity and guarantee the sustainability of its ecosystems. Despite of it, local environmental problems have increased. In this sense, this study aimed to quantify the level of environmental perception, in four categories, of communities settled within this conservation unit, based on a score classification (from 1 to 10). To this end, questionnaires were created with the structure of a 5-point Likert scale and applied to the participants. The results were quantified and revealed high scores (above 9) in the four categories analyzed, indicating a high level of perception. Perception was associated with age, schooling and number of people in the household. As a high level of perception was found, it is recommended that the awareness-raising actions carried out by the managing body of the reserve be maintained in order to preserve this knowledge.

Resumen La Reserva Extractiva Marina Soure, ubicada en el Archipiélago de Marajó, fue creada para proteger su biodiversidad y garantizar la sostenibilidad de sus ecosistemas; sin embargo, los problemas ambientales locales se han vuelto cada vez más frecuentes. En este sentido este estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el nivel de percepción ambiental, en cuatro categorías de análisis, de comunidades da esta unidad de conservación, con la elaboración de una clasificación de puntaje (del 1 al 10). Para esto, se aplicaron formularios en forma de una escala Likert de 5 puntos. Los resultados se cuantificaron y revelaron altas puntuaciones en las cuatro categorías analizadas (por encima de 9). Además, el nivel de percepción estuvo relacionado con la edad, la educación y el número de personas en el hogar. Una vez que se verifica la alta percepción, se recomienda mantener las acciones de sensibilización llevadas a cabo por el organismo gestor de la reserva, para preservar este conocimiento.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a riqueza da brioflora (Marchantiophyta e Bryophyta) de duas Zonas de Proteção da Vida Silvestre na Área de Proteção Ambiental Lago de Tucuruí, comparando os resultados encontrados com os de outras áreas de terra firme no Estado do Pará. O esforço amostral por área coletada foi de 200 amostras botânicas. No total, foram registradas 90 espécies, 29 musgos e 61 hepáticas, o que representa 25% da brioflora do Estado do Pará. Cololejeunea sicaefolia (Gottsche) Pócs & Bernecker e Cololejeunea planissima (Mitt.) Abeyw. são novas citações para a Amazônia brasileira e para as Américas, respectivamente. A riqueza encontrada, principalmente de táxons pouco ou nunca antes coletados no Estado, reforça a importância da conservação dessas áreas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the richness of bryophytes (Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta) in two Wildlife Protection Areas at the Environmental Protection Area of Tucuruí Lake and to compare these results with the records of other mainland areas in the state of Pará. The sampling effort by area was of 200 botanical samples. In total, 90 species, 61 liverworts, and 29 mosses were registered, which represent 25% of the bryoflora of Pará State. Cololejeunea sicaefolia (Gottsche) Pócs & Bernecker and Cololejeunea planissima (Mitt.) Abeyw. are new records for the Brazilian Amazon and Americas, respectively. The richness found, especially of taxa rarely or never before collected in the state, reinforces the importance of conserving these areas.

In the northeastern region of the Brazilian state of Pará, approximately 90% of the forested areas are secondary forests. Secondary forests are interesting areas for floristic studies aimed at determining the effects that clear-cutting has on bryophyte communities. The aim of this study was to compare upland forests at different successional stages and the various strata of host trees, in terms of the bryophyte species composition. Bryophyte specimens were collected between August 2005 and September 2006 from host trees in primary and secondary forests of different ages and of different heights, within the municipality of Capitão Poço, in the state of Pará. The vertical distribution of bryophytes was evaluated in 15 host trees within the primary forest. We identified a total of 99 bryophyte species: 33 mosses and 66 liverworts. The dominant family was Lejeuneaceae, with 56 species. Most of the species (n = 60) had a neotropical distribution, and 3 species were endemic to Brazil. Cololejeunea minutissima var. myriocarpa (Nees & Mont.) R.M.Schust., Pycnolejeunea papillosa X.-L. He, Radula mammosa Spruce and Verdoornianthus marsupiifolius (Spruce) Gradst. represent new records for the state of Pará. In the successional forests evaluated, we identified 78 species, most of which (n = 38) occurred in primary forest. On the host tree trunks evaluated in the primary forest, we observed 31 species occurring at heights ranging from 2 m to 20 m. Despite the fact that secondary forests account for such a large proportion of the forested areas in Capitão Poço, we found that the bryoflora was relatively rich, comprising 31% of the species recorded for the state. The fact that 40% of the species recorded occurred exclusively in the secondary forests and the fact that 45.5% of the species recorded in primary forest occurred within the 2-20 m height range show the importance of studies focusing on bryophytes in secondary forests and in the upper strata of host trees in primary forests.