Abstract Background The neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the nervous system. NPY acts as a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, inflammation, and adipogenesis, through the NPY 2 receptor (NPY2R). Changes in the NPY signaling pathway have been linked to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the association between variants in the NPY and NPY2R genes, as well as the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Approximately 221 ACS patients and 278 healthy controls were selected for this study. Four variants in NPY and two variants in NPY2R genes were genotyped using Taqman allelic discrimination and sequencing. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to verify the genotype frequencies. The logistic regression analyses were used for the evaluation of the studied variables. Haplotype analysis was used to evaluate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the variants (p<0.05). Results An association of NPY c.20T>C variant was found with the ACS group when compared to the healthy group. In the analysis between variants and risk factors in the ACS group, NPY c.84G>A was associated with hypertension. The analysis between TIMI risk showed a significance for NPY c.20T>C between the low and intermediate/high TIMI risk groups. In the haplotype analysis, strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was found between the variants NPY c.150G>A and NPY c.-485T>C. Conclusion The NPY c.20T>C variant appears to contribute to the development of ACS. The NPY2R c.-1116A>G variant may contribute to the early development of ACS and the NPY c.84G>A variant appears to contribute to the development of hypertension. In addition, the NPY c.20T>C is associated with a protective effect in ACS severity.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise do lançamento de disco em atletas paralímpicos de duas classes funcionais (CFs). Sete atletas de duas classes F-44 (N=4) e F-46 (N=3) executaram 3 lançamentos cada durante uma competição regional, e foram avaliados por meio de cinemetria 3D. Os atletas avaliados apresentaram uma técnica de lançamento semelhante, com movimento de preparação em direção oposta ao lançamento que antecedia o arremate. Na classe F-44 houve uma fraca correlação entre a velocidade de decolagem e o alcance do disco (r= 0,15; p>0,05). Na F-46 houve forte correlação entre a velocidade de decolagem e o alcance (r= 0,77; p=0,014). Conclui-se que atletas das CFs avaliadas apresentam diferenças importantes em termos de desempenho.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze discus throwing in Paralympic athletes from two functional classes (FCs). Seven athletes from two classes F-44 (N=4) and F-46 (N=3) performed three throws each during a regional competition and were evaluated through 3D kinemetry. The assessed athletes presented a similar throwing technique, with a preparation movement opposite to the throw preceding the shot. Class F-44 showed a weak correlation between take-off speed and range (r= 0.15; p>0.05). F-46 showed a strong correlation between take-off speed and range (r=0.77; p=0.014). We conclude that athletes from the assessed FCs present important differences in terms of performance.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el lanzamiento de disco en atletas paralímpicos de dos clases funcionales (FC). Siete atletas de dos clases F-44 (N = 4) y F-46 (N = 3) realizaron 3 lanzamientos cada uno durante una competencia regional, y fueron evaluados usando cinemetría 3D. Los deportistas evaluados presentaron una técnica de lanzamiento similar, con un movimiento de preparación en sentido contrario al lanzamiento que precedió al tiro. En la clase F-44 hubo una correlación débil entre la velocidad de despegue y el alcance del disco (r = 0,15; p> 0,05). En el F-46 hubo una fuerte correlación entre la velocidad de despegue y el alcance (r = 0,77; p = 0,014). Se concluye que los deportistas de los CF evaluados presentan importantes diferencias en cuanto a rendimiento.

Abstract Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a cardiovascular disease caused by obstruction of coronary arteries by atheromatous plaque. Susceptibility to this disease may be related to genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Objective: In this study, we evaluated the relationship between SNPs in IL8 (rs4073; -251 A/T) and IL16 (rs11556218; T/G) genes and SCA in a Brazilian population. Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 patients with ACS and 50 non-ACS patients hospitalized at the Real Hospital Português, Recife - PE, Brazil, and 220 blood donors (donors) was used. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Williams G, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests, using the BioEstat 5.0 program, and the data with a value of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In the IL8 gene, the AT genotype was the most frequent (p > 0.05) in all three groups. In the IL16 gene, genotypic distributions were different between patients with ACS and the donor group (p = 0.002), with the most frequent G allele in the second group (p = 0.0052). The IL-16 cytokine was higher in donors than in patients with ACS (p = 0.04) and the G (TG + GG) allele had higher values of this cytokine (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The results demonstrate the important role of the rs11556218 SNP in IL16 gene in SCA, evidencing that the G allele may be associated with a decreased risk of the disease.

Resumo: OBJETIVO: observar se existe relação entre força muscular respiratória e área da aeração nasal em crianças respiradoras orais. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, transversal comparativo entre dois grupos. Participaram 32 crianças com Respiração Oral secundária à rinite alérgica (21 meninos e 11 meninas) e 30 respiradoras nasais sem rinite alérgica (09 meninos e 21 meninas), 7 a 12 anos, submetidas à avaliação da aeração nasal com o espelho de Altmann e à avaliação da força muscular respiratória com o manovacuômetro digital (MVD(r)30). RESULTADOS: não houve correlação entre aeração nasal e força muscular respiratória em cada subgrupo. Houve diferença comparando-se valores das pressões expiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0064) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0030). Também houve diferença das pressões inspiratórias máximas entre meninos e meninas respiradores orais (p=0,0324) e entre meninos e meninas respiradores nasais (p=0,0210). CONCLUSÃO: não foi possível confirmar a relação entre a área de aeração nasal e a força muscular respiratória nos respiradores orais.

Abstract: PURPOSE: to observe whether there is a relationship between respiratory muscle strength and degree of nasal aeration in Mouth Breathing children. METHODS: this is an observational and a comparative cross-sectional study. The subjects were 32 Mouth Breathing children with allergic rhinitis (21 boys and 11 girls) and 30 nasal breathing without allergic rhinitis (09 boys and 21 girls), 7-12 years, subjected to evaluation for nasal aeration with Altmann mirror and to evaluation of respiratory muscle strength with digital manovacuometer (MVD(r)30). RESULTS: there was no correlation between nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in each subgroup. There was difference comparing values of maximal expiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0064), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0030). There was also difference maximal inspiratory pressure between mouth breathers boys and girls (p=0,0324), and between nasal breathers boys and girls (p=0,0210). CONCLUSION: it was not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between the degree of nasal aeration and respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing.

OBJETIVO: Quantificar os capilares no tecido muscular esquelético em ratos com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida, após treinamento de endurance. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, idade de 70 dias, submetidos à oclusão total da artéria femoral direita. Os animais foram divididos em grupo sedentário (GS; n = 05), submetidos a atividades na própria gaiola; e grupo treinado (GT; n = 05), submetidos ao treinamento de endurance em ciclo ergômetro, duas vezes ao dia, 17 m/min, por 5 minutos, 5 dias por semana, durante 10 semanas. A análise foi realizada pela observação histológica do músculo vasto medial do membro afetado. RESULTADOS: O número médio de capilares no tecido muscular foi de 5,2 ± 0,837 (p < 0,05) no GT e de 1,6 ± 1,140 no GS. CONCLUSÃO: Em animais com indução da insuficiência arterial periférica, submetidos ao treinamento de endurance, há um processo de adaptação muscular, observado pelo aumento do número de capilares nos animais submetidos a esse tipo de treinamento.

PURPOSE: To quantify the capillaries in the skeletal muscular tissue of mice with induced peripheral arterial insufficiency, after endurance training. METHOD: It was used Wistar mice in 70 days age range, subjected to the total occlusion of right femoral artery. The animals were divided into two groups: sedentary group (SG; n = 05), subjected to activities in the cage; and trained group (TG; n = 05), subjected to an endurance training in cycle ergometer twice a day 17m/min, by 5 minutes, 5 days per week during 10 weeks. The analysis was realized by the histologic observation of the vastus medialis muscle of injured member. RESULTS: The average number of capillaries in the muscular tissue was greater in TG (5,2 ± 0,83) than in SG (1,6 ± 1,14) (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: In animals with induction of peripheral arterial insufficiency, the endurance training provides a process of muscular adaptation which is observed by the increase in the number of capillaries of animals subjected to this kind of training.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma avaliação quantitativa nas células do miocárdio humano de indivíduos senis, nas regiões ventriculares direita, esquerda e septal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados cinco corações de cadáveres de indivíduos sem enfermidades cardíacas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 67 e 87 anos. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: área da secção transversa unitária do miócito (a o mioc); comprimento do perímetro unitário do miócito (l o mioc); volume unitário do miócito (v o mioc); densidade volumétrica dos miócitos (Vv mioc); número de miócitos por unidade de volume (Nmm ^³mio). Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste "t" de Student. RESULTADOS: A análise das diferenças (p<0,05) entre as regiões ventriculares direita (VD), esquerda (VE) e septal (S) do coração humano revelou que os valores da a o mioc mostraram-se menores no VD (1,51 ± 0,10 µm²) e no S (1,55 ± 0,07 µm²) em relação ao VE (1,84 ± 0,24 µm²). Os valores do l o mioc também se apresentaram menores no S (5,11 ± 0,46 µm) em relação VE (6,2 ± 0,97 µm). Do mesmo modo, o v o mioc e a Vv mioc apresentaram valores menores no VD (88,75 ± 25,37 µm ³; 0,39 ± 0,03%) em relação ao VE (122,41 ± 16,31 µm ³; 0,41 ± 0,01%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos mostram que podem ocorrer modificações nas dimensões da miocélula da parede ventricular esquerda durante a fase senescente, entretanto, essas diferenças são sutis e parecem significar a adaptação do tecido às mudanças funcionais que se instalam no decorrer da vida.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a quantitative assessment in human myocardium cells of senile individuals, in right, left and septal ventricular regions. METHODS: Five hearts from corpses of individuals without heart diseases, of both sexes, with age between 67 and 87 years old were used. The following parameters were assessed: myocyte unit cross section area (myoc. a o); myocyte unit perimeter length (myoc. l o); myocyte unit volume (myoc. v o); myocyte volumetric density (myoc. Vv); number of myocytes per volume unit (Nmm ^³myoc.). The t-test of Student was used in statistic analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of differences (p < 0.05) among right (RV), left (LV) and septal (S) ventricular regions of human heart showed that myoc. a o values were lower in RV (1.51 ± 0.10 µm²) and in S (1.55 ± 0.07 µm²) in relation to LV (1.84 ± 0.24 µm²). Values of myoc. l o were also shown lower in S (5.11 ± 0.46 µm) comparing to LV (6.2 ± 0.97 µm). Likewise, myoc. v o and myoc. Vv showed lower values in RV (88.75 ± 25.37 µm ³; 0.39 ± 0.03%) in relation to LV (122.41 ± 16.31 µm ³; 0.41 ± 0.01%). CONCLUSION: Results obtained show that there may be changes in dimensions of left ventricular wall myocyte cell during senescent stage. However, those differences are subtle and seem to mean the adjustment of tissue to functional changes that install along life.

OBJETIVO: Investigar as possíveis alterações morfométricas no tecido ósseo e na concentração sérica de cálcio em camundongos ovariectomizadas submetidas ao treinamento físico. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta camundongos fêmeas, com 90 dias de idade, distribuídos em 5 grupos (n=10): controle (C), pseudo-operado sedentário (POS), pseudo-operado treinado (POT), ovariectomizado sedentário (OVS) e ovariectomizado treinado (OVT). Os grupos OVS e OVT foram submetidos a ovariectomia, e os grupos POS e POT a uma pseudo-cirurgia. Trinta dias após a cirurgia, os grupos POT e OVT foram submetidos ao exercício físico, durante 05 semanas em esteira elétrica a uma velocidade de 20 m/min. Os demais animais permaneceram sedentários no mesmo período. Após esse período os animais foram sacrificados, coletando o sangue para realização de dosagens séricas de cálcio e os fêmures direitos para estudo histomorfométrico. RESULTADOS: A concentração sérica de cálcio no grupo OVT apresentou-se mais baixa do que nos demais grupos (p<0,05). A massa dos fêmures mostrou-se superior em relação ao grupo controle, nos grupos POT e OVT (p<0,05). A densidade média de osteócitos foi mais alta no grupo OVS (p<0,05). O valor médio da área dos osteócitos mostrou diferença apenas entre os grupos POS e OVS (p<0,05). Não houve diferenças no comprimento ósseo nem no perímetro dos osteócitos. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício, em parte, preveniu as alterações do tecido ósseo decorrentes da ovariectomia e possibilitou um aumento da formação óssea.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate possible morphometric alterations in bone tissue and the calcium serum concentration in ovariectomized mice subjected to physical training. METHODS: Fifty female mice, aged 90 days, divided into 5 groups (n=10): control (C), pseudo-operated sedentary (POS), pseudo-operated trained (POT), ovariectomized sedentary (OVS) and ovariectomized trained (OVT). Groups OVS and OVT were subjected to an ovariectomy, and groups POS and POT were subjected to a pseudo-surgery. Thirty days after the surgery, groups POT and OVT were subjected to physical training during 05 weeks in ergometer at a speed of 20m/min. The other animals stayed sedentary at the same period. Afterwards the animals were sacrificed and had blood collected to realize calcium serum dosage and the rigth femurs were collected to realize a histomorphometric study. RESULTS: The calcium serum concentration in group OVT was lower than the other groups (p<0,05). The mass of femurs in groups POT and OVT was higher than the group Control (p<0,05). The average density of the osteocytes was higher in group OVS (p<0,05). The average value of the area of the osteocytes showed difference only between groups POS and OVS (p<0,05). There were no differences in the bone length, nor in the osteocytes perimeter. CONCLUSION: The physical training in part prevented the alterations in the bone tissue due to the ovariectomy and enabled an increase of the bone formation.

OBJETIVO: Analisar quantitativamente o tecido muscular esquelético de ratos com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida após treinamento de endurance. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram preparados cirurgicamente para a oclusão total da artéria femoral direita. Após o procedimento cirúrgico os ratos foram limitados a atividades na própria gaiola (sedentários, n = 10) ou submetidos a treinamento de endurance com ciclo ergômetro de forma contínua (treinados, n = 10), que consistia em caminhada 2x/dia (manhã e tarde) a 17 m/min, por 5 minutos, 5 dias/semana por 8 e 12 semanas. Os grupos foram subdivididos com seus respectivos grupos sedentários. A análise foi realizada pela observação histológica do músculo vasto medial direito após o período de teste. RESULTADOS: No grupo de animais treinados durante 8 semanas, o número médio de capilares no tecido muscular foi maior (5,2 ± 3,834) do que no grupo sedentário (0,6 ± 0,894). No grupo de animais treinados durante 12 semanas o número médio de capilares foi maior (6,8 ± 3,033) do que no grupo sedentário (3,0 ± 2,345). O número médio de capilares entre os grupos treinados de 12 e 8 semanas também foi maior no primeiro, entretanto, não estatisticamente significante. O número médio de capilares do grupo sedentário de 12 semanas foi maior (3,0 ± 2,345) do que no grupo de 8 semanas (0,6 ± 0,894). CONCLUSÃO: Em animais com insuficiência arterial periférica induzida submetidos a treinamento de endurance, há um processo de adaptação muscular com um aumento no número de capilares.

PURPOSE: This work introduces quantitative research into the skeletal muscle tissue of rats, suffering induced outlying arterial inadequacy after endurance training. METHODS: All those rats had been prepared surgically towards the right femoral artery total occlusion. After surgical procedures, the rats were either restricted to activities inside their cage (sedentary ones, n=10) or undergone endurance training with cycle ergometer in continuous way (trained ones, n=10), which consisted in walking twice a day (morning and afternoon) at 17m/min, for 5 minutes, 5 days a week during 8 and 12 weeks. The groups were halved in order with their respective sedentary groups. The analysis was achieved by vast medial muscle histological observation after test period. RESULTS: Considering the eight-week trained group, the average number of muscle tissue capillary vessels has been shown higher (5,2 ± 3,834) than in the sedentary one (0,6 ± 0,894). Also in the 12-week trained group, the average number of capillary vessels has been shown higher (6,8 ± 3,033) than in the sedentary one (3,0 ± 2,345). The average number of capillary vessels between the 12-week and 8-week groups has been shown higher in the first group as well, however, not statistically significant. The average number of the 12-week sedentary group's capillary vessels has been higher (3,0 ± 2,345) than the eight-week one's (0,6 ± 0,894). CONCLUSION: The muscle adaptive process concerning the capillary vessels' increasing number through the endurance training of rats, which have induced outlying arterial inadequacy.

Os autores sugerem a aplicação de um software sobre imagens radiográficas digitalizadas para análise morfométrica da fossa intercondilar e dos côndilos femorais. O programa permite o tracejamento de linhas guias que facilitam a mensuração da extremidade distal do fêmur. Foram analisadas 39 radiografias simples da fossa intercondilar femoral dos joelhos direito e esquerdo, obtidas de indivíduos do sexo masculino reunidos em grupo normal (n=23) e grupo lesionado (n=16). A média de idade da amostra foi de 26,56 anos. As variáveis analisadas foram largura bicondilar femoral, larguras da fossa intercondilar ao nível do sulco poplíteo e da base da fossa, a altura da fossa intercondilar e a largura do côndilo femoral lateral. A fossa intercondilar foi classificada quanto ao formato em cônica, circular e retangular. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a largura da base da fossa e a largura do côndilo femoral lateral seriam fatores de risco importantes na lesão do L.C.A. Os valores médios das variáveis analisadas aproximam-se dos descritos na literatura especializada em mensurações diretas em peças cadavéricas e ressonância nuclear magnética e demonstram que a aplicação de um software sobre as imagens radiográficas digitalizadas proporciona uma mensuração confiável, mesmo utilizando-se de imagens radiográficas simples e de baixo custo.

The authors suggest the use of software in digitalized radiographic images to morphometric analysis of the intercondylar notch and the femoral condyles. The software allows the draw of guide lines which facilitate the measurement of the distal extremity of femur. Thirty-nine radiographic simple has been analyzed of femoral intercondylar notch of right and left knees, of male sex individuals collected into normal (n=23) and injured (n=16) groups. The age average was 26-56 years old.The analyzed variable had been femoral bicondylar width, widths of intercondylar notch to the level of the popliteal groove and the notch base, intercondylar notch height and the width of lateral femoral condyle. The intercondylar notch was classified according to its shape into conical , circular and rectangular. The results suggest that the base width of the notch and the width of the femoral condyle would be important risk factors of the injury of A.C.L. The average range of analyzed variables are near to the ones described in the specialized literature in direct measurements in corpse pieces and magnetic resonance imaging and demonstrate that the use of a software in digitalized radiographic images provides a realiable measurement, even if simple and low cost radiographic images are used.

We analyzed the meniscus morphometrics aspects of the knee joint as such: extern circunference tickness, the breadth, the area and distance between anterior and posterior horns, the tibial plateau correspondent area, meniscus area/tibial plateau report, check the Wrisberg's ligament length. There were analyzed 44 meniscus of the 22 knees adults men corpses. The tickness and breadth morphometrics variables were evaluated in three different points: anterior medium and posterior third part and compared values between medial and lateral compartments. In the medial meniscus weren't meaningful difference between anterior, medium and posterior third part thickness, while medium third part lateral meniscus showed such as larger thickness. When analyzed the breadth, watched the medial meniscus posterior third part were the larger area, while the lateral meniscus there weren't neither meaningful difference between three analyzed points. The distance between anterior and posterior horns such as the meniscus medial area, it showed meaningfully lager than lateral meniscus. The tibial plateau area didn't showed statistics difference between lateral and medial compartments. The morphometrics meniscus results demonstrated relation with clinics data. The medial meniscus is more broad and it occupied the area of the higher tibial plateau what justify the higher lesions incidence that attack this meniscus. Like wise, the measurement values of third part confirmed the frequency higher of break in this region

Investigamos los aspectos morfométricos de los meniscos de la articulación de la rodilla tales como: grosor de la circunferencia externa y el ancho de los meniscos, relación área del menisco/área del platillo de la tibia y la distancia entre los cuernos posterior y anterior de cada menisco. Fueron analizados 44 meniscos de 22 rodillas de cadáveres humanos, adultos, de sexo masculino. Las variables morfométricas ancho y grosor fueron evaluadas en tres puntos distintos: tercio anterior, tercio medio y tercio posterior, y sus valores comparados entre los compartimientos medial y lateral. En el menisco medial no hubo diferencia significativa, en lo que se refiere al grosor, entre los tercios anterior, medio y posterior, mientras que en el menisco lateral, el tercio medio se mostró como sitio de mayor grosor. En cuanto al ancho, se observó que el tercio posterior del menisco medial fue estadísticamente el sitio más ancho del menisco, mientras que en el menisco lateral no hubo ninguna diferencia significativa entre los tres puntos analizados. La relación área del menisco/área del platillo de la tibia y la distancia entre los cuernos anterior y posterior fueron mayores en el compartimiento medial. Los resultados morfométricos de los meniscos demostraron relación con los datos clínicos. El menisco medial se mostró más ancho y ocupando una área de cobertura del platillo de la tibia más grande, lo que justifica la mayor incidencia de lesiones que afectan ese menisco. De la misma manera, los valores de medición en su tercio medio, confirman la mayor frecuencia de rupturas en esa región

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between myocardial bridges and the anterior interventricular branch (anterior descending) of the left coronary artery. METHODS: The study was carried out with postmortem material, and methods of dissection and observation were used. We assessed the perimeter of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery using a pachymeter, calculated its proximal and distal diameters in relation to the myocardial bridge, and also its diameter under the myocardial bridge in 30 hearts. We also observed the position of the myocardial bridge in relation to the origin of the anterior interventricular branch. RESULTS: The diameters of the anterior interventricular branch were as follows: the mean proximal diameter was 2.76±0.76 mm; the mean diameter under the myocardial bridge was 2.08±0.54 mm; and the mean distal diameter was 1.98±0.59 mm. In 33.33% (10/30) of the cases, the diameter of the anterior interventricular branch under the myocardial bridge was lower than the diameter of the anterior interventricular branch distal to the myocardial bridge. In 3.33% (1/30) of the cases, an atherosclerotic plaque was found in the segment under the myocardial bridge. The myocardial bridge was located in the middle third of the anterior interventricular branch in 86.66% (26/30) of the cases. CONCLUSION: Myocardial bridges are more frequently found in the middle third of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. The diameter of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery under the myocardial bridge may be smaller than after the bridge. Myocardial bridges may not provide protection against the formation of atherosclerotic plaque inside the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery.

SUMMARY: The stylohyoid chain is formed by the styloid process of temporal bone, the stylohyoid ligament and the lesser cornu of hyoid bone. The pathophysiology of this chain is quiet studied, mainly referring to the Syndrome of Eagle, a clinical entity characterized by the elongation of the styloid process, presenting symptoms like dysphonia, dysphagia, pharyngeal pain, glossitis, otalgia, tonsillitis, facial pain, cephalalgia, odynophagia, and pain in the temporomandibular joint. Morphometric evidence about these structures is scarce in the literature. Thus, this study stablished values of length of the stylohyoid chain and its elements. 30 stylohyoid chains of 15 necks regions of corpse of the Departamento de Anatomia do Centro de Ciências Biológicas da UFPE, where dissected and measured using a pachymeter with accuracy of 0,02mm. The statistical analysis veryfied that the evidence presented in this study are in accordance with the literature about the styloid process of temporal bone, besides to discuss values for the stylohyoid ligament and the lesser cornu of hyoid bone, which are not available in the literature

RESUMEN: La cadena estilohioidea es constituida por el proceso estiloide del hueso temporal, ligamento estilohioídeo y cuerno menor del hueso hioides. La patofisiología de esa cadena es muy estudiada, principalmente lo que se refiere al Síndrome de Eagle, entidad clínica caracterizada por el alargamiento del proceso estiloides, y una serie de síntomas como disfonía, disfagia, dolor faríngeo, glositis, otalgia, tonsilitis, dolor facial, cefalea, odinofagia y dolor en la articulación témporomandibular. Datos morfométricos de esas estructuras son escasos en la literatura. Este estudio buscó establecer valores de la longitud de la cadena estilohioídea y de sus elementos. Fueron utilizadas 30 cadenas estilohioideas de 15 regiones del cuello, de cadáveres pertenecientes al Departamento de Anatomía del Centro de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidade Federal de Pernambuco de Brasil, cadenas que fueron disecadas y luego medidas con paquímetro de 0,02mm de precisión. A través del análisis estadístico verificamos que los resultados están de acuerdo con los referidos en la literatura para el proceso estiloides del hueso temporal. Por otra parte, valores para el ligamento estilohioídeo y cuerno menor del hueso hioides no se encuentran disponibles en la literatura