ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the profile of graduates of the Postgraduate Program (PGP) in Cardiology of a public federal university, according to sociodemographic factors and professional trajectory. Methods: The variables were collected from databases from the observed institution and digital platforms. The analysis of differences between the various levels of degrees was carried out in three cohorts: the entire historical series (graduates from 1978–2021), the first 20 years (1978–1997) and the second 20 years (1998–2018). Results: The results demonstrated that most students from the PGP completed a PhD and are men over 30 years old, they came from public universities and the Southeast region. In the first 20 years, significant differences were observed in the distribution of masters and doctors working professionally at the institution analyzed, as well as in the age of the students. In the 20 years of the second half, there were differences between masters and PhD working professionally in the institution itself, as they came from private universities, they are women and PhD. Conclusions: The changes in the profile of masters and PhD that graduated from this PGP in cardiology reflect transformations that occurred in the job market and academy over the decades. Purpose (PGP university trajectory Methods platforms cohorts 1978–2021, 19782021 1978–2021 , 1978 2021 1978–2021) 2 1978–1997 19781997 1997 (1978–1997 1998–2018. 19982018 1998–2018 . 1998 2018 (1998–2018) Results 3 old region analyzed half itself Conclusions decades 1978202 1978–202 197 202 1978–199 1978199 199 (1978–199 1998201 1998–201 201 (1998–2018 197820 1978–20 19 1978–19 197819 (1978–19 199820 1998–20 (1998–201 19782 1978–2 1 1978–1 19781 (1978–1 19982 1998–2 (1998–20 1978– (1978– 1998– (1998–2 (1978 (1998– (197 (1998 (19 (199 (1 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: Shock, cardiovascular problems, and respiratory failure constitute the main causes of death in patients cared in medical emergency rooms. Patients commonly require orotracheal intubation (OTI), a fact that has been intensified by diseases that generate important and fatal hemodynamic and respiratory problems in the affected patient. Methods: Although etomidate (ETO) is a highly used anesthetic for OTI, its use remains controversial in several scenarios. Some studies refer to an increase in mortality with its use in critically patients, while others do not refer to a difference. Therefore, we evaluated the mortality of patients submitted to OTI in the public hospital of a public federal university, with the use of ETO and other sedative-hypnotic drugs used in the induction of the performance of OTI, with the in-hospital mortality of patients cared in hospital. Results: The results demonstrate that the use of ETO as a hypnotic for OTI in the emergency room is not associated with a significant difference in morbidity or early mortality, within 30 days of hospitalization, compared with other hypnotics. Conclusions: There was no difference in mortality between patients intubated in the emergency department who used ETO and those who used non-ETO hypnotic within 72 hours and 30 days. Purpose Shock rooms , (OTI) patient Methods (ETO scenarios Therefore university sedativehypnotic sedative inhospital Results 3 hospitalization hypnotics Conclusions nonETO non 7 (OTI

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. Methods: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. Results: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. Conclusions: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile. Purpose L Asteraceae (Asteraceae C (C dietfed fed Methods 4 dyslipidemia Then 50 100 15 mgkg mg kg formulation ration Results Stransferase S transferase highdensity high density architecture Conclusions 5 10 1

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Determinar se existem diferenças significativas entre os métodos de ensino tutorial, simulação ou discussão de casos clínicos relativos à transmissão de conhecimentos médicos sobre ventilação mecânica. MÉTODOS: Um ensaio clínico randomizado, multicêntrico, aberto e controlado foi realizado usando três métodos de ensino em ventilação mecânica: discussão baseada em casos clínicos, simulação e tutorial on-line. Alunos voluntários do sexto ano de medicina de 11 faculdades responderam a um questionário validado abordando o conhecimento sobre ventilação mecânica para estudantes de medicina antes, imediatamente após e seis meses depois do treinamento presencial, composto por 20 questões de múltipla escolha e cinco questões sobre perfil demográfico dos participantes. RESULTADOS: Imediatamente após o teste, não houve diferença entre as pontuações nos grupos de simulação e caso clínico [15,06 vs 14,63], ao passo que, após algum tempo, houve uma diferença significativa na retenção entre o baseado em caso e a simulação grupos, com a pontuação no grupo simulação 1,46 [1,31; 1,64] vez maior que a pontuação do grupo caso (p-valor <0,001). Na análise multivariada, um indivíduo que recebeu mais de quatro horas de informação apresentou aumento de 20,0% [09,0%; 33,0%] no escore (p-valor=0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados indicam que, em comparação com outras formas de treinamento, a simulação em ventilação mecânica proporciona um conhecimento duradouro a médio prazo. Mais estudos são necessários para melhorar o desenho e a avaliação do treinamento que forneça habilidades mínimas de ventilação mecânica.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are significant differences between the tutorial, simulation, or clinical-case-based discussion teaching methods regarding the transmission of medical knowledge on mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A randomized, multicenter, open-label controlled trial was carried out using 3 teaching methods on mechanical ventilation: clinical-case-based discussion, simulation, and online tutorial. Voluntary students of the sixth year of medical school from 11 medical colleges answered a validated questionnaire on knowledge about mechanical ventilation for medical students before, immediately after, and 6 months after in-person training consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions, and 5 questions about the participants' demographic profile. RESULTS: Immediately after the test there was no difference between the scores in the simulation and clinical case groups,[15,06 vs 14,63] whereas, after some time, there was a significant difference in retention between the case-based and simulation groups, with the score in the simulation group 1.46 [1.31; 1.64] times higher than the score of the case group (p-value < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, an individual who had received more than 4 hours of information showed an increase of 20.0% [09.0%; 33.0%] in the score (p-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that, in comparison with other forms of training, simulation in mechanical ventilation provides long-lasting knowledge in the medium term. Further studies are needed to improve the designing and evaluation of training that provides minimal mechanical ventilation skills.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of mechanical ventilation among final-year medical students in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted between October 2015 and October 2017 involving 554 medical students was carried out to develop a questionnaire for assessing knowledge on mechanical ventilation. Reproducibility was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient, internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha, and construct validation was evaluated with a tetrachoric exploratory factor analysis. To compare the means of the competences among the same type of assessment tool, the nonparametric Friedman test was used, and the identification of the differences was obtained with Dunn-Bonferroni tests. RESULTS: The final version of the questionnaire contained 19 questions. The instrument presented a clarity index of 8.94±0.83. The value of the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.929, and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.831. The factor analysis revealed five factors associated with knowledge areas regarding mechanical ventilation. The final score among participants was 24.05%. CONCLUSION: The instrument has a satisfactory clarity index and adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess the knowledge of mechanical ventilation among final-year medical students in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To present self-assessments of knowledge about mechanical ventilation made by final-year medical students, residents, and physicians taking qualifying courses at the Brazilian Society of Internal Medicine who work in urgent and emergency settings. METHODS: A 34-item questionnaire comprising different areas of knowledge and training in mechanical ventilation was given to 806 medical students, residents, and participants in qualifying courses at 11 medical schools in Brazil. The questionnaire’s self-assessment items for knowledge were transformed into scores. RESULTS: The average score among all participants was 21% (0-100%). Of the total, 85% respondents felt they did not receive sufficient information about mechanical ventilation during medical training. Additionally, 77% of the group reported that they would not know when to start noninvasive ventilation in a patient, and 81%, 81%, and 89% would not know how to start volume control, pressure control and pressure support ventilation modes, respectively. Furthermore, 86.4% and 94% of the participants believed they would not identify the basic principles of mechanical ventilation in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, and would feel insecure beginning ventilation. Finally, 77% said they would fear for the safety of a patient requiring invasive mechanical ventilation under their care. CONCLUSION: Self-assessment of knowledge and self-perception of safety for managing mechanical ventilation were deficient among residents, students and emergency physicians from a sample in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of physicians working at the Prehospital Emergency Medical System (SAMU) in Brazil and to evaluate their quality of life. METHODS: Both a semi-structured questionnaire with 57 questions and the SF-36 questionnaire were sent to research departments within SAMU in the Brazilian state capitals, the Federal District and inland towns in Brazil. RESULTS: Of a total of 902 physicians, including 644 (71.4%) males, 533 (59.1%) were between 30 and 45 years of age and 562 (62.4%) worked in a state capital. Regarding education level, 45.1% had graduated less than five years before and only 43% were specialists recognized by the Brazilian Medical Association. Regarding training, 95% did not report any specific training for their work at SAMU. The main weaknesses identified were psychiatric care and surgical emergencies in 57.2 and 42.9% of cases, respectively; traumatic pediatric emergencies, 48.9%; and medical emergencies, 42.9%. As for procedure-related skills, the physicians reported difficulties in pediatric advanced support (62.4%), airway surgical access (45.6%), pericardiocentesis (64.4%) and thoracentesis (29.9%). Difficulties in using an artificial ventilator (43.3%) and in transcutaneous pacing (42.2%) were also reported. Higher percentages of young physicians, aged 25-30 years (26.7 vs 19.0%; p<0.01), worked exclusively in prehospital care (18.0 vs 7.7%; p<0.001), with workloads >48 h per week (12.8 vs 8.6%; p<0.001), and were non-specialists with the shortest length of service (<1 year) at SAMU (30.1 vs 18.2%; p<0.001) who were hired without having to pass public service exams* (i.e., for a temporary job) (61.8 vs 46.2%; p<0.001). Regarding quality of life, the pain domain yielded the worst result among physicians at SAMU. CONCLUSIONS: The doctors in this sample were young and within a few years of graduation, and they had no specific training in prehospital emergencies. Deficiencies were mostly found in pediatrics and psychiatry, with specific deficiencies in the handling of essential equipment and in the skills necessary to adequately attend to prehospital emergencies. A disrespectful labor scenario was also found; the evaluation of quality of life showed a notable presence of pain on the SF-36 among physicians at SAMU and especially among doctors who had worked for a longer length of time at SAMU.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relevância da avaliação pré-operatória na prevenção de eventos clínicos adversos per e pós-operatórios na cirurgia de catarata. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 1.254 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata no Instituto da Catarata do Departamento Oftalmologia UNIFESP-EPM, no período de jan-dez 2004. Dados referentes à avaliação pré-operatória e à ocorrência de eventos clínicos adversos relacionados ao procedimento anestésico/cirúrgico foram retrospectivamente coletados. RESULTADOS: Dezesseis pacientes (1,2%) apresentaram evento clínico adverso. Novecentos e trinta e seis pacientes (74,6%) apresentaram pelo menos um exame alterado, porém este fator não mostrou associação com a ocorrência de evento clínico adverso (p=0,334). CONCLUSÃO: Na série estudada a alteração de exames laboratoriais, eletrocardiograma e/ou radiografia de tórax não se correlacionou com a ocorrência de eventos clínicos adversos relacionados ao procedimento anestésico/cirúrgico.

PURPOSE: Analysis of the relevance of preoperative evaluation to prevent adverse clinical events, pre- and postoperative, on cataract surgery. METHODS: The study includes 1254 patients submitted to cataract surgery at the Instituto da Catarata do Departamento de Oftalmologia da UNIFESP - EPM, in the period of Jan - Dec 2004. Data referring to the preoperative evaluation and adverse clinical events related to anesthesia/surgical procedure were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (1.2%) showed an adverse clinical event. Nine hundred thirty-six patients (74.6%) showed at least one altered examination. This factor, nevertheless, did not show any relation to the adverse clinical event (p=0.334). CONCLUSION: Concerning the studied series, the altered laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and/or thorax x-ray has no correlation with the adverse clinical events related to the anesthesia/surgical procedure.