Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of dental caries and associated factors in the school period from six/seven to ten years of age. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study involving 168 children was followed up between 2015 and 2019 in the municipality of Palhoça, Brazil. The dependent variable was the caries incidence rate in the mixed dentition. The independent variables included information regarding demographic and socioeconomic status. Multivariate analyzes were carried out using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Variables with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the adjusted model. Relative risks were estimated, as well as 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 168 followed schoolchildren, 32 developed the disease, providing an incidence rate of 19.0%. Female children had a 10% higher risk [RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.03; 1.18)] of developing caries than males. Also, children born from fathers with ≤ 8 years of schooling at baseline had a 9% higher risk [RR = 1.09 (95% CI 1.01; 1.16)] of developing dental caries compared to fathers with higher education. Conclusion: The incidence of dental caries in a four-year period was 19.0%. Females and children born from fathers with a lower level of education showed higher incidence rates. Objective sixseven six seven age Methods 16 201 Palhoça Brazil dentition status estimator 020 0 20 <0.2 model estimated 95 intervals Results schoolchildren 3 disease 190 19 19.0% 10 RR 110 1 1.1 (95 1.03 103 03 1.18 118 18 1.18) males Also 9 109 09 1.0 1.01 101 01 1.16 116 1.16) Conclusion fouryear four year rates 02 2 <0. 19.0 11 1. (9 <0 19. ( <

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário e sua possível associação com fatores pré-natais, neonatais e pós-natais em escolares de seis anos de idade em um município do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal envolvendo 655 escolares de seis anos de idade. Os dados sociodemográficos e de saúde foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com as mães e exames bucais das crianças nas escolas. As análises multivariadas foram realizadas por meio de regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte foi de 44,0%. As opacidades demarcadas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas das difusas. Gravidez tardia, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos, sexo feminino e cor da pele branca da criança foram independentemente associados à prevalência de opacidades demarcadas. Conclusões: A prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário foi de 44,0%. Gravidez tardia, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos de estudo, sexo feminino e cor da pele branca da criança estiveram associados às prevalências. Objetivo prénatais, prénatais pré natais, natais pré-natais pósnatais pós Brasil Métodos 65 escolas robusto Resultados 440 44 0 44,0% prevalentes difusas tardia Conclusões prevalências 6 4 44,0 44,

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel and its possible association with prenatal, neonatal and postnatal conditions in six-year-old schoolchildren in a southern Brazilian municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 655 six-year-old schoolchildren. Sociodemographic and health data were collected through interviews with mothers and children’s oral examinations at schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 44.0%. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent, followed by diffuse opacities. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child’s white skin color were independently associated with the prevalence of demarcated opacities. Conclusions: The prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel was 44.0%. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child’s white skin color were associated with the prevalences. Objective prenatal sixyearold six year old municipality Methods crosssectional cross sectional 65 childrens children s schools estimator Results 440 44 0 44.0% prevalent pregnancy years childs child Conclusions prevalences 6 4 44.0 44.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of measuring neck circumference as a diagnostic method for overweight in 10-year-old children. METHODS: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study was performed in 2019. The population was composed of 942 school children from the municipality of Palhoça, SC, Brazil. For each measurement of the neck circumference, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio for a positive test, and accuracy were estimated using the receiver operator characteristic curve, with body mass index as a reference. RESULTS: The estimated overall accuracy was 88.9%. For males, the accuracy was 90.1%, and for females, 88.5%. A 30.0 cm neck circumference had a sensitivity of 22.8%, a specificity of 95.4%, a positive predictive value of 76.6%, a negative predictive value of 65.3%, a likelihood ratio for a positive test of 5.0, and an accuracy of 66.7% for all students. CONCLUSION: Neck circumference showed a global accuracy of 88.9% as a method for diagnosing overweight in 10-year-old children. Predictive values showed high values, mainly starting with a neck circumference of 30 cm. OBJECTIVE 10yearold yearold 10 year old METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 2019 94 Palhoça SC Brazil curve reference RESULTS 889 88 9 males 901 90 1 90.1% females 885 5 88.5% 300 0 30. 228 22 8 22.8% 954 95 4 95.4% 766 76 6 76.6% 653 65 3 65.3% 50 5.0 667 66 7 66.7 students CONCLUSION 88.9 201 90.1 88.5 2 22.8 95.4 76.6 65.3 5. 66. 88. 20 90. 22. 95. 76. 65.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a correlação entre peso ao nascer, amamentação e índice de massa corporalem crianças de seis anos de Palhoça/SC, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal envolvendo 502 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas com mães nos domicílios e avaliação antropométrica nas escolas. O índice de massa corporalatual da criançafoi a variável dependente. As variáveis independentes foram peso ao nascer, tempo de amamentação, tempo de amamentação exclusiva. As correlações entre as variáveis foram estimadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e respectivos coeficientes de determinação. Foi realizada análise de regressão linear multivariada para observação da independência entre as variáveis. Resultados: o peso ao nascer e o índice de massa corporal aos seis anos mostraram correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa (r= 0,115; p= 0,008). O tempo de amamentação não se mostrou correlacionado (r= -0,018; p= 0,683). Já o tempo de amamentação exclusiva mostrou correlação negativa estatisticamente significativa (r= -0,103; p= 0,018). Entretanto, a análise de regressão linear multivarida mostrou correlação positiva independente e significativa somente entre o peso ao nascer e o índice de massa corporal aos seis anos de idade (r= 0,142; p= 0,003). Conclusão: o maior peso ao nascer correlacionou-se positivamente de forma significativa e independente com o aumento do índice de massa corporal aos seis anos de idade. Objetivos PalhoçaSC Palhoça SC Palhoça/SC Brasil Métodos 50 escolas dependente determinação Resultados r= r (r 0,115 0115 0 115 p 0,008. 0008 0,008 . 008 0,008) 0,018 0018 018 -0,018 0,683. 0683 0,683 683 0,683) 0,103 0103 103 -0,103 0,018. 0,018) Entretanto 0,142 0142 142 0,003. 0003 0,003 003 0,003) Conclusão correlacionouse correlacionou 5 0,11 011 11 000 0,00 00 0,01 001 01 -0,01 068 0,68 68 0,10 010 10 -0,10 0,14 014 14 0,1 1 0,0 -0,0 06 0,6 6 -0,1 0, -0, -0 -

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the correlation between birth weight, breastfeeding, and body mass index in six-year-old children in the city of Palhoça/SC, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 502 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers at home and anthropometric assessments at schools. The child’s current body mass index was the dependent variable. The independent variables were birth weight, breastfeeding duration, and exclusive breastfeeding duration. Correlations among variables were estimated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and respective coefficients of determination. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to observe the independence among the variables. Results: birth weight and body mass index at six years of age showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r= 0.115; p=0.008). Breastfeeding duration was not correlated (r= -0.018; p=0.683). The duration of exclusive breastfeeding showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r= -0.103; p=0.018). However, multiple linear regression analysis showed an independent and significant positive correlation only between birth weight and body mass index at six years of age (r= 0.142; p= 0.003). Conclusion: higher birth weight was significantly and independently positively correlated with increased body mass index at six years of age. Objectives sixyearold year old PalhoçaSC Palhoça SC Palhoça/SC Brazil Methods crosssectional cross sectional 50 schools childs child s variable Pearsons Pearson determination Results r= r (r 0.115 0115 0 115 p=0.008. p0008 p p=0.008 . 008 p=0.008) 0.018 0018 018 -0.018 p=0.683. p0683 p=0.683 683 p=0.683) 0.103 0103 103 -0.103 p=0.018. p0018 p=0.018 p=0.018) However 0.142 0142 142 0.003. 0003 0.003 003 0.003) Conclusion 5 0.11 011 11 p000 p=0.00 00 0.01 001 01 -0.01 p068 p=0.68 68 0.10 010 10 -0.10 p001 p=0.01 0.14 014 14 000 0.00 0.1 1 p00 p=0.0 0.0 -0.0 p06 p=0.6 6 -0.1 0. p0 p=0. -0. p=0 -0 -

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form among Fathers for use in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-cultural adaptation study that began with the translation from the original English into Portuguese, followed by back translation. A committee of experts evaluated the semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalences. The pre-test of the Brazilian version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form among Fathers was conducted with 10 fathers whose children were in the breastfeeding period. To assess the psychometric properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out involving 131 fathers with children in the breastfeeding phase. Factor analysis with principal component extraction and item response theory were used in data analysis. RESULTS: The Brazilian version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form among Fathers presented an overall Cronbach α of 0.852. Very closely distributed factors explained 55.6% of the total variance in the principal component analysis. The item response theory showed that all questions have discriminatory characteristics. CONCLUSION: The cross-cultural adaptation process was carried out within validated international parameters and represents a potential instrument for promoting maternal and child health in Brazil. OBJECTIVE crosscultural cross cultural SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy ScaleShort Scale Short Brazil METHODS Portuguese semantic idiomatic experiential equivalences pretest pre test 1 period properties crosssectional sectional 13 phase RESULTS 0852 0 852 0.852 556 55 6 55.6 characteristics CONCLUSION 085 85 0.85 5 55. 08 8 0.8 0.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Newborns’ jaundice is the result of bilirubin accumulation as fetal hemoglobin is metabolized by the immature liver. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mother-reported newborn jaundice and associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from a longitudinal study involving 914 children. The data were reviewed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator in a hierarchical model in which the sociodemographic variables constituted the first level, those related to the conditions of the pregnancy constituted the second level, and those related to the report of jaundice, the third level. Prevalence ratios and their relevant confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported jaundice in newborns was 17.9%. The variables late pregnancy, urinary infection during pregnancy, and preterm and post-term birth were independently statistically associated with a higher prevalence of newborn jaundice reports. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that mother-reported newborn jaundice was 17.9% associated with maternal and birth aspects. OBJECTIVE Newborns liver motherreported mother factors METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 91 children level estimated RESULTS 179 17 9 postterm post term reports CONCLUSION 17.9 aspects 1 17.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of current smoking and its associated factors in adults aged 50 years and older in Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the ELSI-Brazil study, encompassing 9,412 adults aged 50 years or over. A multivariate model using Poisson regression with a robust estimator was employed, estimating prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking was 17.04%. It was positively and independently associated with male gender, age up to 62 years, living without a partner, illiteracy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, poor or very poor sleep quality, and alcohol intake more than once a month. Conversely, systemic arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and repetitive strain injuries showed an inverse and independent association with current smoking. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of current smoking among adults over 50 years old in Brazil was approximately 17%, with associations found with certain sociodemographic conditions and self-reported comorbidities. OBJECTIVE 5 METHODS crosssectional cross sectional ELSIBrazil ELSI 9412 9 412 9,41 employed 95 intervals RESULTS 1704 17 04 17.04% gender 6 partner illiteracy disease depression quality month Conversely hypertension hypercholesterolemia mellitus CONCLUSION 17% selfreported self reported comorbidities 941 41 9,4 170 1 0 17.04 94 4 9, 17.0 17.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e a frequência semanal de consumo de certos alimentos ultra processados por crianças de seis anos e fatores associados em município do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com 956 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com mães nos domicílios. Os desfechos foram o consumo de balas, chicletes, pirulitos e chocolates; bolachas recheadas; sucos artificiais; e refrigerantes por meio do Índice Alimentação do Escolar. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade e ocupação materna, amamentação, tempo de amamentação exclusiva e utilização de mamadeira. A análise bivariada foi realizada pelo qui-quadrado, e a multivariada por meio da regressão de Poisson. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência semanal do consumo de bolacha recheada foi 14% maior nos alunos de escolas públicas e 8% maior em filhos de mães com escolaridade menor do que oito anos. O consumo de suco artificial foi 7% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas e 6% maior nas crianças que fizeram uso de mamadeira. O consumo de refrigerantes foi 8% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas. A maioria dos escolares consumia os alimentos ultra processados estudados de uma a duas vezes na semana. O consumo mostrou-se associado às variáveis independentes estudadas. Brasil 95 domicílios balas chicletes chocolates recheadas artificiais Escolar sexo escola materna mamadeira quiquadrado, quiquadrado qui quadrado, quadrado qui-quadrado Poisson 14 8 7 6 semana mostrouse mostrou se estudadas 9 1

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and weekly frequency of ultra-processed food consumption in six-year-old children and associated factors in a municipality in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 956 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the households. The outcomes were the consumption of candies, chewing gum, lollipops and chocolates; stuffed cookies; artificial juices; and soft drinks using the Índice de Alimentação Escolar (School Feeding Index). The independent variables were gender, type of school, education and maternal occupation, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the use of bottle. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. In the multivariate analysis, the weekly prevalence of stuffed cookies consumption was 14% higher in students from public schools and 8% higher in children of mothers with less than eight years of schooling. Artificial juice and soft drink consumption was 7% and 8% higher in public school students respectively and 6% higher in bottle-fed children. Most schoolchildren consumed the ultra-processed foods assessed once or twice a week. Consumption was associated with the independent variables assessed. ultraprocessed ultra processed sixyearold six year old Brazil Crosssectional Cross sectional 95 households candies gum chocolates juices School Index. Index . Index) gender occupation bottle chisquare chi square regression 14 8 schooling 7 6 bottlefed fed week 9 1

Resumo A COVID-19 gerou impacto na sociedade com elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A utilização de indicador epidemiológico que estime a carga de doença, agregando em uma medida a mortalidade precoce e os casos não fatais, tem potencial de auxiliar no planejamento de ações adequadas em diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis/SC de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados de notificação e óbitos por COVID-19 no período de 12 meses. Utilizou-se o indicador de carga denominado Anos de Vida Perdidos Ajustados por Incapacidade (DALY), obtido pela soma dos Anos de Vida Perdidos (YLL) com os Anos Vividos com Incapacidade (YLD). Foram incluídos 78.907 casos de COVID-19 confirmados. Desses, 763 evoluíram a óbito no período estudado. No total, foram estimados 4.496,6 DALYs, taxa de 883,8 DALYs/100.000 habitantes. No sexo masculino, foram 2.693,1 DALYs, taxa de 1.098,0 DALYs/100.000 homens. Em mulheres, foram 1.803,8 DALYs, taxa de 684,4 DALYs/100.000 mulheres. A faixa etária mais acometida em ambos os sexos foi de 60 a 69 anos. Foi alta a carga de COVID-19 na cidade estudada. As maiores taxas foram encontradas no sexo feminino e na faixa-etária de 60-69 anos. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 fatais saúde FlorianópolisSC Florianópolis SC 202 2021 1 meses Utilizouse Utilizou se DALY, DALY , (DALY) YLL (YLL YLD. YLD . (YLD) 78907 78 907 78.90 confirmados Desses 76 estudado total 44966 4 496 6 4.496, DALYs 8838 883 8 883, DALYs100000 100 000 DALYs/100.00 habitantes masculino 26931 2 693 2.693, 10980 098 0 1.098, homens mulheres 18038 803 1.803, 6844 684 684, anos estudada faixaetária 6069 60-6 COVID1 COVID- 20 (DALY (YLD 7890 7 90 78.9 4496 49 4.496 88 DALYs10000 10 00 DALYs/100.0 2693 2.693 1098 09 1.098 1803 80 1.803 68 606 60- 789 9 78. 449 4.49 DALYs1000 DALYs/100. 269 2.69 109 1.09 180 1.80 44 4.4 DALYs100 DALYs/100 26 2.6 1.0 18 1.8 4. DALYs10 DALYs/10 2. 1. DALYs1 DALYs/1 DALYs/

Abstract COVID-19 has had a powerful impact on society with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of an epidemiological indicator that estimates the burden of a disease by aggregating early mortality and non-fatal cases in a single measure has the potential to assist in the planning of more appropriate actions at different levels of health care. The scope of this article is to estimate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis/SC from April 2020 through March 2021. An ecological study was carried out with data from notification and deaths by COVID-19 in the period of 12 months. The burden indicator called Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) was used, obtained by adding the Years of Life Lost (YLL) to the Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD). A total of 78,907 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Of these, 763 died during the period under study. Overall, 4,496.9 DALYs were estimated, namely a rate of 883.8 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants. In males, there were 2,693.1 DALYs, a rate of 1,098.0 DALYs per 100,000 males. In women, there were 1,803.8 DALYs, a rate of 684.4 DALYs per100,000 women. The age group most affected in both sexes was 60 to 69 years. The burden of COVID-19 was high in the city studied. The highest rates were in females and in the 60-69 age group. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 nonfatal non fatal care FlorianópolisSC Florianópolis SC 202 2021 1 months DisabilityAdjusted Disability Adjusted DALY (DALY used YLL (YLL YLD. YLD . (YLD) 78907 78 907 78,90 included these 76 Overall 44969 4 496 9 4,496. estimated 8838 883 8 883. 100000 100 000 100,00 inhabitants males 26931 2 693 2,693. 10980 098 0 1,098. women 18038 803 1,803. 6844 684 684. per100000 per100 per100,00 6 years studied 6069 60-6 COVID1 COVID- 20 (YLD 7890 7 90 78,9 4496 49 4,496 88 10000 10 00 100,0 2693 2,693 1098 09 1,098 1803 80 1,803 68 per10000 per10 per100,0 606 60- 789 78, 449 4,49 1000 100, 269 2,69 109 1,09 180 1,80 per1000 per1 per100, 44 4,4 26 2,6 1,0 18 1,8 4, 2, 1,

Abstract COVID-19 has had a powerful impact on society with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of an epidemiological indicator that estimates the burden of a disease by aggregating early mortality and non-fatal cases in a single measure has the potential to assist in the planning of more appropriate actions at different levels of health care. The scope of this article is to estimate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis/SC from April 2020 through March 2021. An ecological study was carried out with data from notification and deaths by COVID-19 in the period of 12 months. The burden indicator called Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) was used, obtained by adding the Years of Life Lost (YLL) to the Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD). A total of 78,907 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Of these, 763 died during the period under study. Overall, 4,496.9 DALYs were estimated, namely a rate of 883.8 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants. In males, there were 2,693.1 DALYs, a rate of 1,098.0 DALYs per 100,000 males. In women, there were 1,803.8 DALYs, a rate of 684.4 DALYs per100,000 women. The age group most affected in both sexes was 60 to 69 years. The burden of COVID-19 was high in the city studied. The highest rates were in females and in the 60-69 age group.

Resumo A COVID-19 gerou impacto na sociedade com elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A utilização de indicador epidemiológico que estime a carga de doença, agregando em uma medida a mortalidade precoce e os casos não fatais, tem potencial de auxiliar no planejamento de ações adequadas em diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis/SC de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados de notificação e óbitos por COVID-19 no período de 12 meses. Utilizou-se o indicador de carga denominado Anos de Vida Perdidos Ajustados por Incapacidade (DALY), obtido pela soma dos Anos de Vida Perdidos (YLL) com os Anos Vividos com Incapacidade (YLD). Foram incluídos 78.907 casos de COVID-19 confirmados. Desses, 763 evoluíram a óbito no período estudado. No total, foram estimados 4.496,6 DALYs, taxa de 883,8 DALYs/100.000 habitantes. No sexo masculino, foram 2.693,1 DALYs, taxa de 1.098,0 DALYs/100.000 homens. Em mulheres, foram 1.803,8 DALYs, taxa de 684,4 DALYs/100.000 mulheres. A faixa etária mais acometida em ambos os sexos foi de 60 a 69 anos. Foi alta a carga de COVID-19 na cidade estudada. As maiores taxas foram encontradas no sexo feminino e na faixa-etária de 60-69 anos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal envolvendo 956 escolares de seis anos de idade do município de Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com as mães sobre as informações sociodemográficas e as condições ambientais da casa e foi aplicado o questionário ISAAC para sintomas de rinite alérgica. Análises bivariada e multivariada hierarquizada foram realizadas por meio da Regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica foi de 21,7%. Crianças cujas mães apresentavam escolaridade maior que oito anos ou com presença de aparelho de ar condicionado ou mofo/umidade nas paredes do quarto em que dormiam apresentaram prevalência 5% maior, estatisticamente significativa e independente, de rinite alérgica. Da mesma forma, crianças com mães tabagistas ou que conviviam com animais de pelo ou pena dentro de casa apresentaram prevalência 4% maior. Conclusão: Foram observadas associações significativas entre fatores sociodemográficos e condições ambientais da casa da criança e sintomas de rinite alérgica em crianças de seis anos de idade. Objetivo Métodos 95 Palhoça Catarina Brasil robusto Resultados 217 21 7 21,7% mofoumidade mofo umidade 5 independente forma 4 Conclusão 9 2 21,7 21,

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and associated factors in six-year-old children. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 956 six-year-old schoolchildren from Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Home interviews were conducted with mothers in which socio-demographic and house environmental conditions information were obtained, and the International Study of Athma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire for allergic rhinitis symptoms was applied. Bivariate and multivariate hierarchical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms was 21.7%. Children whose mothers had over 8 years of education, or who had air conditioning equipment in the house, or whose bedroom walls presented mold or moisture showed statistically significant and independent 5% higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Similarly, children of smoker mothers or those who lived with fur or feather animals indoors showed a 4% higher prevalence. Conclusion: Significant associations were observed between socio-demographic factors and environmental conditions in child's home and allergic rhinitis symptoms in children aged six years. Objective sixyearold year old Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 95 Palhoça Catarina Brazil sociodemographic socio demographic obtained ISAAC (ISAAC applied estimator Results 217 21 7 21.7% education 5 Similarly 4 Conclusion childs child s 9 2 21.7 21.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child's life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions. Objective childs s malocclusions Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional study 65 6yearold yearold 6 year old included home conditions gestation age regression Results PR=1.58 PR158 PR 1 58 (PR=1.5 95% 95 1.07 107 07 2.37. 237 2.37 . 2 37 2.37) PR=1.26 PR126 26 [PR=1.26 1.02 102 02 1.56, 156 1.56 , 56 1.56)] PR=1.46 PR146 46 [PR=1.4 1.01 101 01 (1.01 2.14 214 14 2.14) PR=0.83 PR083 0 83 [PR=0.8 0.70 070 70 (0.70 0.98 098 98 0.98) PR=1.15 PR115 15 [PR=1.1 (1.02 1.28 128 28 1.28) use PR=1.27 PR127 27 [PR=1.2 1.59, 159 1.59 59 1.59)] PR=1.34 PR134 34 [PR=1.3 1.80, 180 1.80 80 1.80)] PR=1.30 PR130 30 1.70 170 1.70) using Conclusion PR=1.5 PR15 5 (PR=1. 9 1.0 10 23 2.3 3 PR=1.2 PR12 1.5 1.56) PR=1.4 PR14 4 [PR=1. (1.0 2.1 21 PR=0.8 PR08 8 [PR=0. 0.7 7 (0.7 0.9 09 PR=1.1 PR11 1.2 12 1.59) PR=1.3 PR13 18 1.8 1.80) 1.7 17 PR=1. PR1 (PR=1 1. 2. [PR=1 (1. PR=0. PR0 [PR=0 0. (0. PR=1 (PR= [PR= (1 PR=0 (0 PR= (PR [PR (

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and associated factors in six-year-old children. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 956 six-year-old schoolchildren from Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Home interviews were conducted with mothers in which socio-demographic and house environmental conditions information were obtained, and the International Study of Athma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire for allergic rhinitis symptoms was applied. Bivariate and multivariate hierarchical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms was 21.7%. Children whose mothers had over 8 years of education, or who had air conditioning equipment in the house, or whose bedroom walls presented mold or moisture showed statistically significant and independent 5% higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Similarly, children of smoker mothers or those who lived with fur or feather animals indoors showed a 4% higher prevalence. Conclusion: Significant associations were observed between socio-demographic factors and environmental conditions in child's home and allergic rhinitis symptoms in children aged six years.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal envolvendo 956 escolares de seis anos de idade do município de Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com as mães sobre as informações sociodemográficas e as condições ambientais da casa e foi aplicado o questionário ISAAC para sintomas de rinite alérgica. Análises bivariada e multivariada hierarquizada foram realizadas por meio da Regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica foi de 21,7%. Crianças cujas mães apresentavam escolaridade maior que oito anos ou com presença de aparelho de ar condicionado ou mofo/umidade nas paredes do quarto em que dormiam apresentaram prevalência 5% maior, estatisticamente significativa e independente, de rinite alérgica. Da mesma forma, crianças com mães tabagistas ou que conviviam com animais de pelo ou pena dentro de casa apresentaram prevalência 4% maior. Conclusão: Foram observadas associações significativas entre fatores sociodemográficos e condições ambientais da casa da criança e sintomas de rinite alérgica em crianças de seis anos de idade.

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and weekly frequency of ultra-processed food consumption in six-year-old children and associated factors in a municipality in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 956 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the households. The outcomes were the consumption of candies, chewing gum, lollipops and chocolates; stuffed cookies; artificial juices; and soft drinks using the Índice de Alimentação Escolar (School Feeding Index). The independent variables were gender, type of school, education and maternal occupation, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the use of bottle. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. In the multivariate analysis, the weekly prevalence of stuffed cookies consumption was 14% higher in students from public schools and 8% higher in children of mothers with less than eight years of schooling. Artificial juice and soft drink consumption was 7% and 8% higher in public school students respectively and 6% higher in bottle-fed children. Most schoolchildren consumed the ultra-processed foods assessed once or twice a week. Consumption was associated with the independent variables assessed.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e a frequência semanal de consumo de certos alimentos ultra processados por crianças de seis anos e fatores associados em município do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com 956 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com mães nos domicílios. Os desfechos foram o consumo de balas, chicletes, pirulitos e chocolates; bolachas recheadas; sucos artificiais; e refrigerantes por meio do Índice Alimentação do Escolar. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade e ocupação materna, amamentação, tempo de amamentação exclusiva e utilização de mamadeira. A análise bivariada foi realizada pelo qui-quadrado, e a multivariada por meio da regressão de Poisson. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência semanal do consumo de bolacha recheada foi 14% maior nos alunos de escolas públicas e 8% maior em filhos de mães com escolaridade menor do que oito anos. O consumo de suco artificial foi 7% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas e 6% maior nas crianças que fizeram uso de mamadeira. O consumo de refrigerantes foi 8% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas. A maioria dos escolares consumia os alimentos ultra processados estudados de uma a duas vezes na semana. O consumo mostrou-se associado às variáveis independentes estudadas.