ABSTRACT In Indonesia, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is the second most important staple food with low production compared to the demand. This problem can be overcome by using marginal land such as acid sulfate soil of tidal swampland, however, the optimal application of fertilizer in such soil is minimal. Therefore, this study aims to examine the application of fertilizer in acid sulfate soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was conducted using a split-plot design with three replicates and the main plot was biofertilizer, which consisted of no-biofertilizer (P1); biofertilizer consortium of decomposer fungi, P-solubilizing bacteria, N-fixing bacteria (P2), and biofertilizer consortium of N-fixing bacteria symbiotic and nonsymbiotic, P-solubilizing bacteria and phytohormone-producing bacteria (P3). Meanwhile, the subplot was NPK fertilizer dosage, consisting of no-fertilizer (A1), dose of 150% (A2), dose of 100% (A3), and dose of 50% (A4) of the recommendation. The results showed that the biofertilizer and NPK fertilization dose did not show an interaction with soil pH and Al3+. The highest N and K nutrient uptake was in P2 at 50% NPK fertilizer dosage, while P in P3 at 150% NPK fertilization dose. The highest soybean yields were obtained in the application of biofertilizer P3 with 150% NPK, i.e., 1.6 t ha-1, followed by the 1.5 t ha-1 in the application of P2 + 50% NPK. This showed that the use of P2 biofertilizer can reduce NPK fertilizer application to 50% in soybean plants in acid soil tidal lands. Furthermore, the application of biofertilizers can increase soybean productivity in acid sulfate soil in Indonesia.

ABSTRACT Brazilian spinach is a leafy vegetable originating from the tropical region of South America. Despite the similarity in agroclimatic conditions, this nutrient-rich plant has not been widely cultivated in southeast Asia. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the most suitable growing technique (conventional, floating or bottom-wet culture systems) for Brazilian spinach grown in the wet tropical climate. Non-fertilizer ameliorants were applied to improve the physical characteristics of the growing substrate, making it more permeable. The addition of fine sand and/or rice husk biochar to the growing substrate did not increase the growth rate and the leaf yield of Brazilian spinach. The floating and bottom-wet culture systems performed better, when compared to the conventional system commonly practiced by farmers, particularly during the onset of the dry season. The harvest period lasted from 6 to 9 weeks after planting (WAP). The rate of leaf fresh weight to the total shoot weight gradually decreased during the harvest period, along with the percentage of marketable yield. Related to microclimate conditions, the floating and bottom-wet culture exhibited a higher substrate humidity, while the canopy temperature was not significantly affected by the air or substrate temperature. The substrate temperature measured at midday was significantly higher in the conventional system due to a decrease in the substrate water. In conclusion, Brazilian spinach is suitable for cultivation in wet tropical climate zones, with the application of floating or bottom-wet culture systems and harvest between 6 and 9 WAP emerging as the recommended approach. America conditions nutrientrich nutrient rich Asia Therefore conventional, (conventional bottomwet bottom Nonfertilizer Non fertilizer permeable andor better farmers season WAP. . (WAP) humidity water conclusion zones approach (WAP

RESUMO O espinafre-brasileiro é um vegetal folhoso originário da região tropical da América do Sul. Apesar da semelhança nas condições agroclimáticas, essa planta rica em nutrientes não tem sido amplamente cultivada no sudeste asiático. Objetivou-se determinar a técnica de cultivo mais adequada (convencional, flutuante ou por capilaridade) para o espinafre-brasileiro cultivado sob clima tropical úmido. Melhoradores não fertilizantes foram aplicados para melhorar as características físicas do substrato de cultivo, tornando-o mais permeável. A adição de areia fina e/ou biocarvão de casca de arroz ao substrato de cultivo não aumentou a taxa de crescimento e a produtividade foliar do espinafre-brasileiro. As técnicas flutuante e por capilaridade apresentaram melhor desempenho que o sistema de cultivo convencional comumente praticado pelos agricultores, especialmente no início da estação seca. O período de colheita durou de 6 a 9 semanas após o plantio (SAP). A taxa de massa fresca foliar, em relação à massa total da parte aérea, diminuiu gradativamente durante o período de colheita, assim como a porcentagem de produtividade comercial. Em relação às condições microclimáticas, as técnicas flutuante e por capilaridade mostraram maior umidade do substrato, enquanto a temperatura do dossel não foi significativamente afetada pela temperatura do ar ou do substrato. A temperatura do substrato medida ao meio-dia foi significativamente maior no sistema de cultivo convencional, devido a uma diminuição na umidade do substrato. Conclui-se que o espinafre-brasileiro é adequado para o cultivo em zonas de clima tropical úmido, bem como recomenda-se a utilização dos sistemas de cultivo flutuante ou por capilaridade e colheita entre 6 e 9 SAP como as abordagens mais recomendadas. espinafrebrasileiro espinafre brasileiro Sul agroclimáticas asiático Objetivouse Objetivou se (convencional úmido tornandoo tornando permeável eou espinafrebrasileiro. brasileiro. agricultores seca SAP. . (SAP) aérea comercial microclimáticas meiodia meio dia Concluise Conclui recomendase recomenda recomendadas (SAP

Abstract This study assessed the structure and genetic diversity of rice populations of Southeast Asian varieties, based on quantitative morphological and molecular traits. Population structure analysis revealed four distinct populations as ancestral origin of the varieties in the collection. Some traditional varieties from different countries share the same ancestry, while on the other hand, admixture was observed in the ancestry of some varieties. High diversity in quantitative morphological traits was confirmed in the rice collection. Spikelet fertility and plant height contributed significantly to the diversity. collection hand

ABSTRACT Phytochemicals in plant extracts help plants to grow, develop and survive. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals and quantify soluble nutrients present in banana (Musa acuminata Colla)-pseudostem sap, and to observe the subsequent effect on seedling growth of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata (Sturtev.) L.H. Bailey). The collected banana pseudostem sap was extracted with methanol followed by a liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The extracted fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Seven concentrations of fresh banana pseudostem sap, i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50% aqueous, and 100% raw sap with control (distilled water) were replicated three times following a completely randomized design. The LC-MS analysis identified 86 various phytocompounds, while inductively coupled plasma (ICP) quantified different essential plant nutrients in the fresh sap, confirming the benefits of phytocompounds and mineral nutrients on sweet corn. The sap showed 44 beneficial plant compounds such as 1-amino-1-carboxycyclopropane, 4-aminobenzoic acid, glutamic acid, 1,4-benzoquinone, proline betaine, butanoic acid, hydroxysouric acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and aluminium acetate. These are vital for plant growth and development. The results confirmed that a high number of beneficial secondary metabolites and mineral nutrients in aqueous banana pseudostem sap, especially in lower concentrations (5%-15%), significantly influenced seedling growth over higher concentration and control. However, compared to control, 10% aqueous banana pseudostem sap resulted in 21.2% larger root length, 19.6% shoot length, 32.0% dry biomass, and 17.4% chlorophyll content, respectively. It is concluded that a 10% aqueous solution of fresh banana pseudostem sap will be more effective for crop production.

Abstract: This study aimed to obtain the results of psychometric analysis and reliability of the dental treatment motivation scale (DTMS), which was adapted cross-culturally for pregnant women in Indonesia. A descriptive survey was conducted with 149 pregnant women at a maternal clinic in Bandung City, Indonesia, in December 2020. Convenience sampling was chosen as the sampling technique after the inclusion and exclusion criteria had been fulfilled. Two English experts initially translated the DTMS questionnaire from English into Indonesian and the translated questionnaire was then reviewed by four expert panels, which were modified afterwards. The validity test was carried out using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and goodness of fit index (GFI). The internal reliability analysis used Cronbach’s alpha, and the test-retest was conducted using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The psychometric analysis results were obtained from four testing stages. The first stage was the initial eigenvalue assessment, and the cumulative percentage value was >60%. The second stage was the exploratory factor analysis, with a loading factor of >0.3. The third stage consisted of the confirmatory factor analysis, forming two components of the factor structure (intrinsic and extrinsic motivations). Finally, the fourth stage was the GFI assessment, which showed the good fit model with a value of 0.903. Very high internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.985 to 0.990; the test-retest p-value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.000. In conclusion, the Indonesian version of the DTMS proved to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure Indonesian pregnant women’s motivation to seek oral health treatment.

RESUMO Alternanthera sissoo é atualmente propagado utilizando-se estacas caulinares ou apicais, uma vez que não produz sementes férteis. Objetivou-se identificar o material de plantio mais eficaz para propagação entre estacas enraizadas, caulinares ou apicais, bem como sua resposta à aplicação de fertilizante NPK. Os resultados mostraram melhor desempenho para as estacas caulinares do que para as enraizadas e apicais. A área do dossel foi positivamente relacionada ao maior diâmetro (R2 = 0,92) e ao diâmetro médio da seção transversal de duas vias (R2 = 0,89). O número de ramos, massa fresca de ramos e massa fresca e seca de folhas não diferiram entre os materiais de plantio utilizados; entretanto, o número total de folhas e a massa seca de ramos e raízes foram maiores para as estacas caulinares. Estacas caulinares também estão disponíveis em maior quantidade do que os outros dois materiais de plantio, quando coletadas de cada planta-mãe. Portanto, são recomendadas para otimizar o rendimento da folha em A. sissoo. A espécie respondeu positivamente à adubação NPK, conforme indicado pelo aumento no valor SPAD de 6 a 12 dias após a aplicação inicial. Portanto, para maximizar o rendimento, deve ser fertilizada regularmente com NPK a cada 3 semanas, coincidindo com o momento em que o índice SPAD cai para níveis anteriores à aplicação do NPK.

ABSTRACT Alternanthera sissoo is currently propagated using stem or terminal cuttings, since it does not produce fertile seeds. This research aimed to identify the most effective propagation planting material among rooted stump, stem cutting and terminal cutting, as well as their response to the application of NPK fertilizer. The results showed a better performance for stem cutting than for rooted stump or apical cutting. The canopy area was positively related to the longest diameter (R2 = 0.92) and the average of two-way cross-sectional diameter (R2 = 0.89). The number of branches, branch fresh weight, leaf fresh and dry weights did not vary among the planting materials; however, the total number of leaves, branch and root dry weights were higher for stem cutting. Stem cutting is also available in a larger quantity than the other two planting materials when collected from each mother plant. Therefore, it is recommended for optimizing leaf yield in A. sissoo. The species positively responded to NPK fertilization, as shown by the increase of the SPAD value for 6 to 12 days after the initial application. Therefore, for maximizing yield, it should be regularly fertilized with NPK every 3 weeks, coinciding with the time that the SPAD index falls back to pre-NPK application levels.

Abstract Objective: To identify the occurrence of Veillonella spp. in children using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and to determine its role as a risk factor for ECC in children aged 2-3 years. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and samples from 87 children aged 2-3 years, who lived in selected villages in the Bandung City area, Indonesia, were collected. Examination for dental caries was performed using standard checks for decay, missing, and filled surfaces (dfms), and saliva samples were taken. Microbiological examination was performed using RT-PCR with primers consisting of one primary set for Veillonella spp. and one universal primary set for 16S rDNA. We performed statistical testing using the Mann Whitney rank-sum test. Results: A total of 87 children were sampled, and an ECC prevalence of 71.3% was found, with a mean dmfs of 7.1 (± 9.1). The proportion of Veillonella spp. in caries-free children was 2.13 ± 2.30, while in children with ECC, it was 3.29 ± 6.83. Conclusion: The proportion of Veillonella spp. in children with ECC was higher than in caries-free children; therefore, Veillonella spp. may be a risk factor for ECC.