Objetivou-se utilizar o plasma rico em plaquetas, obtido por técnica capaz de produzir um produto autólogo, com reduzido número de leucócitos e hemácias, e avaliar, por meio de radiografias, a capacidade de cicatrização de uma falha óssea induzida no rádio de coelhos. Foram coletados 10,5mL de sangue por via intracardíaca, o qual foi distribuído em três tubos de hemossedimentação contendo citrato de sódio. Os tubos contendo as amostras foram submetidos a uma centrifugação a 2.000rpm (670,8G) por 20 minutos, e da coluna de sedimentação foram aspirados de cada tubo 1.000µL de plasma para a redução do volume sobrenadante. Aspirou-se o plasma acima do anel de leucócitos e transferiu-se para outro tubo para centrifugação a 2.000rpm por 10 minutos. O conteúdo plaquetário no fundo do tubo foi ressuspendido e homogeneizado a 1.000µL do plasma sobrenadante para formar o PRP líquido. Uma falha de 1,0cm foi realizada no rádio esquerdo de cada coelho. O tempo de consolidação foi observado por meio de exame radiográfico aos 45 e 90 dias de pós-operatório (PO). As imagens foram comparadas entre o grupo controle (G1) e o grupo que recebeu o implante de PRP por via transdérmica (G2). A evolução da cicatrização foi verificada com auxílio do programa Adobe Photoshop CC e em uma escala de cinza que representa o contraste. No G2 foi verificada média de 63% de contraste aos 45 dias de PO e de 65% aos 90 dias de PO. No G2, aos 45 dias de PO, a média encontrada foi de 42,7%, e aos 90 dias de PO, 31,25%, indicando que houve evolução do processo de reparação óssea em comparação ao grupo que não recebeu o implante de PRP. O método de obtenção de plasma rico em plaqueta autólogo de coelhos reduziu o número de leucócitos e hemácias e recuperou o número de plaquetas, sendo este maior ou igual aos valores fisiológicos para a espécie. O PRP obtido foi capaz de acelerar o processo de consolidação óssea em coelhos.

The aim of this study was to use the platelet-rich plasma obtained by a technique capable of producing an autologous product, with a reduced number of white blood cells and red blood cells and assessed by radiographs, the healing ability of a bone defect induced in the radio rabbits. 10.5mL of blood was collected via intracardiac blood sedimentation and distributed into three tubes containing sodium citrate. The tubes containing the samples were subjected to centrifugation at 2,000 rpm (670.8G) for 20 minutes and the sediment column were aspirated from each plasma tube1,000μL to reduce the supernatant volume. The plasma was aspirated from above the leukocytes ring and transferred to another tube for centrifugation at 2,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The platelet content in the tube bottom was resuspended and homogenized to 1,000μL plasma supernatant PRP to form the liquid. A1.0 cm failure was performed on the left radio of each rabbit. The healing time was observed by means of radiographic examination at 45 and 90 days after surgery. The images were compared between the control group (G1) and the group receiving PRP implant transdermally (G2). The healing progress was assessed with the help of Adobe Photoshop program and a gray scale that represents the contrast. G2 had an average of 63% contrast at 45 days PO and 65% at 90 days PO. In G2, at 45 days PO the average was 42.7% and at 90 days PO 31.25% indicating that there was an increase in bone repair process compared to the group that did not receive the PRP implant. The method of obtaining an autologous platelet rich plasma of rabbits reduced the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes and platelets recovered which is greater than or equal to the physiological range for the species. The obtained PRP was able to accelerate the process of bone healing in rabbits.

Com o constante crescimento da indústria nacional, cresce também a demanda pelo desenvolvimento de ferramentas eficientes de inspeção e monitoramento da integridade estrutural de equipamentos e estruturas. Dentre estas, destacam-se os ensaios não destrutivos. Das diversas técnicas não destrutivas aplicadas para a inspeção de componentes, destaca-se o uso da técnica de ultra-som convencional para a localização e dimensionamento de defeitos. Porém, em inspeções de campo, devido ao desconhecimento freqüente da orientação dos defeitos, recorre-se a metodologias que utilizam diversos ângulos incidentes e sistemas de análise de sinais, resultando num processo lento e subjetivo de inspeção. Com o aumento da demanda por medidas on line, tem-se elevado a necessidade de processos mais rápidos e confiáveis, dentre estes, destaca-se o uso da técnica de ultra-som via time of flight diffraction (TOFD). Este trabalho apresenta a técnica TOFD como uma ferramenta eficiente na determinação da profundidade de entalhes usinados em blocos de aço SAE 1022, a partir da calibração segundo Norma Britânica BS 7706:1993. Para isso, foi elaborada uma metodologia utilizando quatro variações (freqüência/ângulo) diferentes de inspeção, verificando o potencial do método na análise das diferentes profundidades, a fim de aplicar na inspeção e no monitoramento de equipamentos. Os resultados mostram que tanto para defeitos aflorando na superfície de varredura quanto para defeitos aflorando na superfície oposta, o dimensionamento pode ser preciso, se a variação adequada (freqüência/ângulo) para cada caso for selecionada.

With the constant growth of the domestic industry, the demand for the development of efficient tools for inspection and monitoring of structural integrity of equipment and structures also grows. Among these, non-destructive testing have been used. Considering to the non-destructive techniques applied to inspection of components used in oil industries, the use of the conventional ultra-sound technique for location and sizing of defects has proved to be important. However, in the field inspections, due to the frequent lack of orientation of defects, are utilized methodologies that use many incident angles and systems analysis of signals, resulting in a slow and subjective inspection. With the increasing of demand for online inspection, the necessity for faster and more reliable processes has been raised, among these, the use of the time of flight diffraction. This work presents TOFD technique as an efficient tool to determine the height of artificials reflectors machined in samples of SAE 1022 steel, from calibration according to British Standard 7706:1993. For this, it was elaborated a methodology using four different variations (frequency / angle) of inspection, verifying the potential of the method in analysis of different heights, in order to apply in inspection and monitoring of equipments. Results show that as for notches breaking in the surface inspected as for notches breaking in the inside surface, opposite the scanned surface, sizing can be precise, if the correct variation (frequency / angle) for each case was chosen.

In the present study we investigated the effect of salt intake on myenteric neuron size of the colon of adult male Wistar rats. The animals were placed on either a high-salt (HS; 8%; 12 animals) or a low-salt diet (LS; 0.15%; 12 animals) for 15 or 52 weeks and blood pressure was measured. The sizes of myenteric neurons of the distal colon from both groups were measured. No difference in neuron size was observed between the HS and LS groups after 15 weeks. After 52 weeks on HS, neuron size was increased (P<0.005) when compared with the LS group. The rats also presented hypertension, which was significantly different at 52 weeks (142 ± 11 vs 119 ± 7 mmHg). These results suggest that a long time on an HS diet can significantly increase myenteric nerve cell size.

The submucous plexus of the normal small and large intestine of Calomys callosus was studied by NADH and AChE histochemical techniques and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The plexus contains (mean ± SD) 7,488 ± 293 neurons/cm2 in the duodenum, 5,611 ± 836 in the jejunum, 2,741 ± 360 in the ileum, 3,067 ± 179 in the cecum, and 3,817 ± 256 in the proximal colon. No ganglia or nerve cell bodies were seen in the esophagus, stomach, distal colon or rectum. The neurons are pear-shaped with a round or oval nucleus and the neuronal cell profile areas were larger in the large intestine than in the small intestine. Most of the neurons display intense AChE activity in the cytoplasm. AChE-positive nerve fibers are present in a primary meshwork of large nerve bundles and in a secondary meshwork of finer nerve bundles. At the ultrastructural level, the ganglia are irregular in shape and covered with fibroblast-like cells. The nucleoplasm of the neurons is finely granular with a few condensations of chromatin attached to the nuclear envelope. In the neuropil numerous varicosities filled with vesicles of different size and electron densities are seen. The pre- and post-synaptic membrane thickenings are asymmetric. Characteristic glial cells with oval nuclei and few organelles are numerous. These data provide a detailed description of this submucosal meshwork.

The myenteric plexus of the digestive tract of the wild mouse Calomys callosus was examined using a histochemical method that selectively stains nerve cells, and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemical technique in whole-mount preparations. Neuronal density was 1,500 ± 116 neurons/cm2 (mean ± SEM) in the esophagus, 8,900 ± 1,518 in the stomach, 9,000 ± 711 in the jejunum and 13,100 ± 2,089 in the colon. The difference in neuronal density between the esophagus and other regions was statistically significant. The neuron profile area ranged from 45 to 1,100 µm2. The difference in nerve cell size between the jejunum and other regions was statistically significant. AChE-positive nerve fibers were distributed within the myenteric plexus which is formed by a primary meshwork of large nerve bundles and a secondary meshwork of finer nerve bundles. Most of the nerve cells displayed AChE activity in the cytoplasm of different reaction intensities. These results are important in order to understand the changes occurring in the myenteric plexus in experimental Chagas' disease