ABSTRACT: It remains unclear whether temperature and precipitation exert independent control on tropical vegetation and soil C pools. Likewise, it is unknown whether the feedbacks of tropical C pools to climate constraints vary with nutrient availability. These aspects are critical to improving our ability to predict the response of tropical C pools to climate dynamics. This review aimed to assess climate data and the spatial distribution of vegetation and soil C pools across the Brazilian territory to investigate i) whether mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature (MAT) exert independent effects on tropical C pools; ii) whether vegetation and soil C pools exhibit hierarchical feedbacks to climate; and iii) how these feedbacks reflect soil nutrient availability. To account for MAP and MAT effects on tropical C cycling, we calculated Ecosystem Effective Moisture (EEM), i.e., the difference between MAP and potential evapotranspiration. We gathered substantial evidence suggesting that under high MAT and MAP controlling EEM, plants exchange more C for water and resorb more nutrients (especially P), which limitations in plant litter reduce microbial-derived C inputs into soil organic matter. Frequent soil saturation under high EEM favors denitrification rates (“open” N cycle), allowing continuous mineralization of litter and shallow soil C pools to release nutrients, sustaining high plant C pools. With decreasing MAP levels, ecosystem C pools depend on MAT controlling evapotranspiration and EEM. Accordingly, decreasing MAP under high MAT reduces EEM, with vegetation and soil C pools co-limited by low net primary productivity (NPP), frequent fire and/or nutrient losses. Otherwise, decreasing MAP and coupled to cool temperatures allow EEM to remain positive, forcing plants to increase deep-rooting and/or shed their leaves, which nutrients are immobilized with microbial-derived C into mineral-organic associations, favoring high soil C pools. Combined, the evidence gathered suggests that the sensitivity of tropical ecosystems to global increases in temperature should not be overlooked, especially if coupled to reductions in precipitation. Overall, the horizontal distribution of vegetation and soil C pools is best described by EEM rather than temperature or precipitation alone, whereas the vertical partition of C in plant-soil systems reflects biotic responses to climate-nutrient constraints.

ABSTRACT In radish production, the choice of proper genotypes and irrigation regime is of great importance to achieve success. In light of this, the current study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of a few radish genotypes under different irrigation strategies. The plants were grown in the city of Unaí - MG, in Brazil, under field conditions, and during two cycles, one of 40 days (from February 28 to April 8, 2015) and other of 51 days (from May 9 to June 28, 2015). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replications. The treatments consisted of four irrigation strategies (50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) applied by a dripping irrigation system, while subplots consisted of three radish cultivars (Comet, Saxa, and Crimson Giant). We evaluated the following parameters: root system depth, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot fresh matter, diameter and length of tuberous root, number, and mass of commercial and non-commercial tuberous roots, and water use efficiency. All the radish genotypes showed no differences for agronomic characteristics. Under Brazilian Cerrado conditions, the most suitable irrigation strategy for radish crops is 100% of ETc.

RESUMO Devido ao balanço hídrico no cerrado brasileiro não permitir cultivo de rúcula em sistema de sequeiro, aliado à inexistência de trabalhos de pesquisa com esta olerícola, cria-se a necessidade de estudar a resposta de genótipos à irrigação neste bioma. Assim, objetivou-se determinar a lâmina ótima de irrigação e identificar os melhores genótipos de rúcula. Três genótipos de rúcula foram testados em campo, durante dois ciclos, sob o efeito de quatro lâminas de irrigação, baseado na evapotranspiração da cultura. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: profundidade de raízes, teor de clorofila foliar, número de plantas e de folhas por planta, diâmetro de planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e eficiência do uso da água. A rúcula apresentou a mesma demanda por irrigação nos dois ciclos e os genótipos e/ou lâminas de irrigações conferiram efeito nos parâmetros avaliados. Os resultados subsidiam que a rúcula Folha Larga deve ser preferida pelos produtores do cerrado brasileiro e irrigada com reposição de 90% da evapotranspiração da cultura.

ABSTRACT Due to the water balance in the Brazilian Cerrado, it is not necessary to cultivate arugula in a rainfed system. Together with the lack of research on with this crop, it is necessary to study the response of genotypes to irrigation in this biome. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the optimal irrigation depth and to identify the best arugula genotypes. Three arugula genotypes were field-tested during two cycles under the effect of four irrigation depths based on crop evapotranspiration. The parameters evaluated were root depth, SPAD index, number of plants and leaves per plant, plant diameter, fresh shoot mass and water use efficiency. The arugula presented the same demand for irrigation in the two cycles, and the genotypes and/or irrigation depths affected the evaluated parameters. The results support that the Folha Larga variety should be preferred by Brazilian Cerrado producers and irrigated with 90% replacement of crop evapotranspiration.

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) is a promising technique for producing plasma in atmospheric pressure and is gaining emphasis in several areas, especially in the biomedical and textile industries, among other. This is due to the fact that this plasma does not reach high temperatures, enabling its use on thermally sensitive materials. However, there is still the need for the development of research relating to the field of physical mechanisms of non-thermal plasma. In this work, we studied the behavior of plasma in DBD equipment, varying distance between electrodes. For this study, two distinct characterization techniques were used. The first, the Lissajous Figures method, is effective and precise in the electrical characterization of DBD equipment. The second technique used, Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is an effective tool in the diagnosis of plasma. This tool enables the identification of excited species in plasma. With the data produced, it was possible to identify an appropriate distance for producing plasma with a higher intensity and homogeneity of active species.

RESUMO A pinheira (Annona squamosa L.), tem seu plantio aumentado em detrimento dos bons preços alcançados no mercado nacional. Porém, existem poucos estudos sobre a sua nutrição. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência dos níveis de N e K no desenvolvimento de seus botões florais em dois ciclos de cultivo, que corresponderam a época de temperaturas elevadas (primavera-verão) e outra mais amenas (outono-inverno). O experimento foi desenvolvido em propriedade rural localizada no município de Anagé-BA, instalado no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 3 blocos, arranjados num esquema fatorial de 4 x 4, obtidos pela combinação dos seguintes níveis de N (0; 16,875; 33,750 e 67,500 g planta-1) na forma de ureia e K (0; 22,5; 45,0 e 90,0 g planta-1) na forma de cloreto de potássio, aplicados quinzenalmente. Foi avaliado o vigor dos botões florais, medidos através de determinação da sua massa e o comprimento dos mesmos. Ao final do estudo pode-se concluir que o vigor dos botões florais da pinheira tendeu a aumentar com elevação das doses de nitrogênio no período mais frio do ano (período seco com queda de temperatura). No período de primavera-verão (período chuvoso e de alta temperatura) ocorreu redução do vigor dos botões florais a medida que aumentou as doses de N. O potássio não afetou o vigor dos botões florais da pinheira nas épocas consideradas. Não houve interação entre os níveis de N e K para o vigor dos botões florais.

ABSTRACT The custard apple tree (Annona squamosa L.), has increased in cultivation due to good prices in the national market. However, there are few studies regarding the fruit’s nutrition. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of N and K levels in developing the flower buds in two growing cycles, corresponding to the time of high temperatures (spring-summer) and another milder season (autumn-winter). The experiment was conducted in a rural property located in the municipality of Anagé, Bahia, installed in a randomised complete block design with 3 blocks, arranged in a factorial 4 x 4, obtained by the combination of the following levels of N (0, 16.875, 33.750 and 67.500 g plant-1) in the form of urea and K (0, 22.5, 45.0 and 90.0 g plant-1) in the form of potassium chloride, applied every fifteen days (every fortnight / every two weeks). It was evaluated the vigor of floral buds, measured by determining its weight and the length of them. At the end of the study it was concluded that the vigor of the floral buds tended to increase with elevated levels of nitrogen in the coldest period of the year (dry season with low in temperature). In the spring-summer period (rainy season and high temperature) the vigor of the flower buds was reduced as they increased the doses of N. Potassium did not affect the vigor of the flower buds in these considered periods. There was no interaction between N and K levels for the vigor of the flower buds.

A reforma de fontes de carbono por plasma térmico de argônio de elevada capacidade calorífica é um dos métodos mais promissores na síntese de novos materiais. Um método para a obtenção de negro de carbono e nanotubos de carbono através da pirólise do metano por plasma térmico de corrente contínua é relatado no presente trabalho. A reforma foi realizada na ausência de oxigênio utilizando um jato de plasma gerado por uma tocha de plasma de argônio. O produto sólido foi caracterizado por espectroscopia Raman e microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão. Os resultados mostraram que nanotubos de carbono foram produzidos na presença de catalisadores metálicos, enquanto que a formação de negro de carbono ocorreu na ausência de catalisadores no reator. A relação I D/I G obtida a partir dos espectros Raman indicou que a amostra obtida usando o catalisador 5%Ni/Al2O3 apresentou nanotubos de carbono com maior pureza em relação aos outros catalisadores (10%Ni/Al2O3 e 10%Ni-5%Ce/Al2O3) testados.

Thermal plasma processing of carbon sources using a plasma jet with high heat capacity is one of the most promising methods for the synthesis of new materials. A method for obtaining carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) through the pyrolysis of methane using a thermal plasma direct current (DC) system is reported herein. The cracking operation is performed in the absence of oxygen using an external power source, i.e., a plasma jet generated by an argon plasma torch. The obtained carbonaceous materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that CNT are produced in the presence of a catalyst while CB formation occurs without a catalyst. The Raman I D/I G ratio indicated that the sample obtained using a 5%Ni/Al2O3 catalyst contains a higher quantity of pure CNT than the other catalysts tested (10%Ni/Al2O3 and 10%Ni-5%Ce/Al2O3).

Recent Brazilian Governments have provided incentives to support domestic innovation; however, some claim that the country has set conflicting policies towards innovation, industrial property and biodiversity exploitation. After an analysis of patent applications filled in the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property, we observed that current governmental measures have not performed as expected, at least in the skin care industry. Throughout the paper we discuss plausible reasons why this sector has not managed to innovate more, reasons that may affect other businesses as well. This case is exemplary to developing economies that have implemented or are in the process of renewing their innovation policies.

O ácido ascórbico (AA) neutraliza essas espécies reativas de oxigênio e é imprescindível para a síntese do colágeno. No processo de envelhecimento ocorre aumento do estresse oxidativo. Objetivamos investigar o efeito da suplementação com AA sobre o ligamento periodontal (LP) de ratos durante o processo de envelhecimento. Foram utilizados 25 ratos divididos em cinco grupos: J90 (90 dias de idade), E345 (345 dias de idade), E428 (428 dias de idade), EA345 (tratados com AA do 90º ao 345º dia) e EA428 (tratados com AA do 90º ao 428º dia). Foram analisadas espessura, densidade de fibroblastos e vasos sanguíneos, e o tipo de fibra colágena presente no LP. No grupo J90 houve um predomínio de fibras colágenas do tipo III (87,64%). Nos animais suplementados com AA, a área ocupada pelas fibras tipo I (grupo EA345 - 65,67%; grupo EA428 - 52,23%) foi maior que aquelas do tipo III. A espessura do LP no grupo EA428 foi maior do que a observada no grupo E428 (P < 0,05). No processo de envelhecimento natural o AA atuou na maturação das fibras colágenas e estimulou a angiogênese no ligamento periodontal. Pode-se concluir que a suplementação com AA foi positiva para o LP de ratos envelhecidos.

Ascorbic acid (AA) is able to neutralize reactive oxygen species and is essential for collagen synthesis. In aging process oxidative stress is elevated. This study aims to investigate the effects of AA supplementation on the periodontal ligament (PL) of rats during aging. Twenty five rats were used and divided into groups: J90 (90-day-old control), E345 (345-day-old control), E428 (428-day-old control), EA345 (345-day-old supplemented with AA from 90-day-old on) and EA428 (428-day-old supplemented with AA from 90-day-old on). We analyzed the thickness, density of fibroblasts and blood vessels and collagen fibers types in the PL. In group J90 there was predominantly type III collagen fibers (87.64%). In animals supplemented with AA, the area filled by type I fibers (group EA345: 65.67%, group EA428: 52.23%) was higher than type III fibers. PL in group EA428 was thicker than the one observed in group E428 (P < 0.05). During natural aging process, AA promoted the maturation of collagen fibers and enhanced angiogenesis in periodontal ligament. One can conclude that the supplementation with AA represented a beneficial factor for the development of PL in aged rats.

The experiment evaluated the influence of isolated or associated phytogenic additives (PA) and organic acids (OA) on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments (with or without PA × with or without OA + antibiotic performance enhancer and anticoccidial). In the first experiment, two metabolic tests were conducted to determine the metabolizability coefficients of the nutrients of starter and growth diets. In the second experiment, 2520 one-day-old chicks were housed in 40 experimental units to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics. The phytogenic additives and organic acids, isolated or associated, improve the nutrient digestibility of the diet and replace the growth- promoting antibiotics. The use of organic acids isolated or associated with phytogenic additives in broiler diets improves broiler performance in comparison with free antibiotic performance enhancer at 42 days of age. Isolated or associated phytogenic additives and organic acids provided better carcass characteristics.

Criança de três anos, com estenose subvalvar aórtica sem definição precisa ao ecocardiograma, apresentando como diagnóstico cirúrgico um folheto mitral acessório.

Three-years-old boy presenting with a subvalvar aortic stenosis without a precise definition by echocardiography, where the surgical approach revealed an accessory mitral leaflet.

In this work the production of synthesis gas from a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by thermal plasma was studied. The best relation found for the gas mixture [CO2]/[CH4] was 1.3. Under the excess of CH4 in the gas mixture soot was formed and also benzene, indene and naphthalene were identified. The disulfides compounds in the gas mixture were degraded causing no interference in the synthesis gas production, suggesting no needs of pretreatment step for sulfurorganic compounds removal in the process

CONTEXTO: A resposta inflamatória e o estresse oxidativo acentuados em decorrência da artrite reumatóide são capazes de promover neurodegeneração. Nessas condições, é possível que o sistema nervoso entérico seja afetado, diminuindo a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. No entanto, os sintomas da artrite no trato gastrointestinal são geralmente associados ao uso de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios do que a um possível dano neural. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a população geral de neurônios mioentéricos do íleo e do jejuno de ratos artríticos é afetada pela artrite. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 ratos Holtzmann, inicialmente com 58 dias de idade, divididos em 4 grupos: controle com 88 dias (C30); artrítico com 88 dias (Art30); controle com 118 dias (C60) e artrítico com 118 dias (Art60). Os animais dos grupos Art30 e Art60 receberam aos 58 dias de idade o adjuvante completo de Freund para indução da artrite. Os preparados totais de íleo e jejuno foram submetidos a imunoistoquímica para a proteína miosina-V. Realizou-se análises quantitativas e morfométricas dos neurônios. RESULTADOS: Os animais Art30 e Art60 apresentaram, respectivamente, redução de 2% e 6% na área intestinal em relação aos seus controles. Não foram observadas diferenças na densidade neuronal geral entre os quatro grupos (P>0,05). O grupo C60 apresentou redução de 14,4% e 10,9% na área média do corpo celular neuronal em relação ao grupo C30 (P<0,05). Os demais grupos apresentaram área média de corpo celular semelhante (P>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A artrite não provocou alterações quantitativas ou morfológicas na população mioentérica geral, entretanto, estudos em andamento revelam alterações significativas em subpopulações de neurônios mioentéricos (nitrérgicos e VIP-érgicos).

CONTEXT: The inflammatory response itself and the consequent oxidative stress are able to promote neurodegeneration. So, it is possible that enteric nervous system is affected by inflammatory diseases threatening quality of life of patients. However, gastrointestinal symptoms of arthritis are usually attributed to anti-inflammatory drugs rather than neural damage. OBJECTIVE: To confirm if the general population of myenteric neurons from the ileum and jejunum of rats is affected by arthritis. METHODS: Twenty Holtzmann rats, 58-day-old male, were used and divided in four groups: control group (C30), arthritic group (Art30), older control group (C60) and older arthritic group (Art60). At 58 days old, the animals in groups Art30 and Art60 received an injection of the complete Freund's adjuvant in order to induce arthritis. The whole-mount preparations of ileum and jejunum were processed for myosin-V immunohistochemistry. Quantitative and morphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS: Groups Art30 and Art60 presented, respectively, a reduction of 2% and 6% in intestinal area when compared to their control groups. No significant differences were observed in general neuronal density among the four groups (P>0.05). Group C60 presented a reduction of 14.4% and 10.9% in mean neuronal cell body area when compared to group C30 (P<0.05), for the ileum and jejunum, respectively. The other groups had a similar mean neuronal cell body area (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Arthritis does not promote quantitative or morphological damages in general myenteric population. However, studies in progress have revealed some significant alterations in myenteric neurons subpopulations (nitrergic and VIP-ergic neurons).

Este estudo investigou o efeito da temperatura da solução sobre a descoloração do azul de metileno em um reator de plasma de descarga elétrica do tipo ponta-plano. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da porcentagem inicial de descoloração do corante com o aumento da temperatura da solução de 4 para 28 ºC, mas de 28 para 37 ºC não houve alteração. Entretanto, quando a temperatura foi elevada para 47 ºC a porcentagem de descoloração inicial do corante diminuiu. A formação de peróxido de hidrogênio em água durante o tratamento por plasma diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura de 4 para 47 ºC. A reação de descoloração ocorreu por um complexo mecanismo onde processos de zero e primeira ordem ocorreram numa mesma temperatura, seguindo ordem zero no início do processo e primeira ordem com o progresso da reação. A energia de ativação envolvida no processo de primeira ordem foi de 13,09 kJ mol-1.

This study investigates the effect of bath solution temperature on methylene blue decolorization in a point-to-plate electrical discharge plasma reactor. The results show an increase in the initial percentage of dye decolorization with an increase in the bath solution temperature from 4 to 28 ºC, but from 28 to 37 ºC there was no change. However, when the temperature was raised to 47 ºC the initial dye decolorization percentage decreased. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation in water during the plasma treatment decreased as the bath temperature increased from 4 to 47 ºC. The dye decolorization reaction occurred via a complex mechanism where zero- and first-order processes took place at the same temperature, following zero-order in the initial step and first-order with the progress of the reaction. The activation energy involved in the first-order process was 13.09 kJ mol-1.

CONTEXTO: Os neurônios entéricos são afetados em condições patológicas, como a neuropatia diabética. A neuropatia periférica é uma das complicações crônicas do diabetes mellitus e está diretamente relacionada com as manifestações gastrointestinais da doença. O desequilíbrio entre antioxidantes celulares e radicais livres, com o consequente aumento do estresse oxidativo, é considerado um dos principais responsáveis pelas alterações neuronais provocadas pelo diabetes. Drogas que reduzem o estresse oxidativo podem ter papel relevante no tratamento das complicações neurológicas do diabetes mellitus. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com L-glutamina sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do ceco e duodeno de ratos Wistar com diabetes mellitus induzido pela estreptozootocina. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (n = 5): normoglicêmicos, normoglicêmicos suplementados com L-glutamina, diabéticos, diabéticos suplementados com L-glutamina a partir do 4º dia da indução do diabetes. O aminoácido L-glutamina foi adicionado à ração na quantidade de 1%. A técnica de Giemsa foi utilizada para evidenciar os neurônios mioentéricos. Foram avaliadas as áreas de corpos celulares de 500 neurônios em cada grupo estudado. A análise quantitativa foi realizada em uma área de 16,6 mm² no ceco e 3,6 mm² no duodeno de cada animal. RESULTADOS: Após suplementação com L-glutamina verificou-se no duodeno a preservação da densidade neuronal tanto nos animais normoglicêmicos quanto nos animais diabéticos (P<0,05), e também o restabelecimento da área do corpo celular nos animais diabéticos (P<0,05). No ceco esta preservação e restabelecimento não foram evidenciados. CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação com L-glutamina (1%) teve efeito neuroprotetor sobre os neurônios mioentéricos do duodeno tanto em condições de envelhecimento natural como no diabetes mellitus.

CONTEXT: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and is directly related to gastrointestinal consequences of the disease. Myenteric neurons are affected in some pathological conditions such as diabetic neuropathy. The imbalance between cellular antioxidants and free radicals, leading to an increase in oxidative stress, is considered one of the main factors responsible for neuronal damages in diabetes. Drugs that reduce the oxidative stress may play a significant role in the treatment of neurological complications of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of L-glutamine supplementation on the myenteric neurons from the cecum and duodenum of Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The animals were divided in four groups (n = 5): non-treated normoglycemics, normoglycemics treated with L-glutamine, non-treated diabetics and diabetics treated with L-glutamine from the 4th day of diabetes induction on. The amino acid L-glutamine was added to their diet at 1%. Giemsa's technique was employed to stain the myenteric neurons. We determined the cell body area of 500 neurons in each group studied. The quantitative analysis was performed by sampling in an area of 16.6 mm² in the cecum and 3.6 mm² in the duodenum of each animal. RESULTS: After the supplementation with L-glutamine in the duodenum, we observed a preservation of neuronal density in groups normoglycemic and diabetic (P<0.05). We also observed a preservation of the cell bodies area in diabetic animals (group treated with L-glutamine) (P<0.05). In the cecum, that preservation was not evident. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with L-glutamine (1%) promoted a neuroprotective effect on the myenteric neurons from the duodenum of rats, both in terms of natural aging and of diabetes mellitus.

Para estudar a potencialidade antagônica de espécies de Trichoderma spp. in vitro e in vivo a Rhizopus stolonifer, patógeno causador da podridão floral do maracujazeiro, foram estudadas as espécies de Trichoderma viride, T. virens, T. harzianum e T. stromaticum. O crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno foi realizado pelo teste do pareamento de culturas, para crescimento individual foram utilizadas cinco temperaturas. Avaliou-se também o crescimento micelial em 24h e 48h, avaliando a taxa de crescimento dos isolados. Na produção de metabolitos voláteis e não voláteis foram utilizados papel celofane e sobreposição de placas. Em condição de campo os frutos/planta foram tratados com a suspensão na concentração de 2 x 10(8) Conídios/mL sendo avaliado o número médio de frutos aos 15 e 30. No pareamento de cultura todos os isolados de Trichoderma spp. apresentaram crescimento micelial, impedindo o desenvolvimento do fitopatógeno, para todos os isolados as temperaturas ideais de crescimento foram de 25ºC e 30ºC. Nos períodos de incubação de 24 e 48h, foram constatadas diferenças significativas no crescimento micelial entre os isolados os antagonistas apresentaram velocidade de crescimento maior que o fitopatógeno. Houve uma produção de metabólitos voláteis e não voláteis de ação antifúngica ao R. stolonifer. No ensaio em campo houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, verificando-se que o melhor resultado entre os antagonistas em estudo cujos percentuais de pegamento foram 74% para os tratamentos Trichoderma harzianum e T. virens, e os tratamentos T. viride e T. stromaticum obtiveram um porcentual de 75% enquanto a testemunha obteve um percentual de 42%.

Floral rot of passion fruit is caused by the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, which attacks newly open flowers and young little fruits. The infection starts in the inner parts of the flower buds where it causes water-soaked lesions, whose floral tissues acquire a dark-brown coloration. The presence of dark mycelium and fungus fructification is often noticed on the lesions. The present work aimed at studying the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic potentiality of species of Trichoderma spp. to Rhizopus stolonifer. In order to assess the antagonistic efficiency of biological control agents in the floral rot of yellow passion fruit, in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out with these species: Trichoderma viride, T. virens, T. harzianum and T. stromaticum, at the Biofactory of the State University of Southwestern Bahia (Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia), campus of Vitória da Conquista - BA, and at a farm in the municipality of Eunápolis - BA. In the in vitro tests the mycelial growths of the phytopathogen and antagonists at the temperatures of 10ºC, 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC were evaluated as well as the mycelial growth within 24h and 48h, in order to verify the growth rate of the isolates. To inhibit the mycelial growth of the phytopathogen, the pairing of cultures was carried out to assess the potentiality of antagonists and the production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Field, the antagonists were assessed according to their capacity. In the of preventing the infection by Rhizopus stolonifer, the average number of effective fruits being evaluated on the 15th and 30th day after the application of antagonists. Through the obtained results, it was noticed that the best temperatures for the growth of antagonists and phytopathogen were at 25ºC and 30ºC for all isolates. During the incubation periods of 24 and 48h, significant differences in the mycelial growth were evidenced among isolates of Trichoderma spp. In relation to R. stolonifer, the antagonists demonstrated growth speed significantly higher than the phytopathogen. In paired culture, all the isolates of Trichoderma spp. showed fast mycelial growth, thus preventing the development of the phytopathogen, demonstrating antagonism in the production of volatile and non volatile metabolites with fungal action against R. stolonifer. In the field test, there was significant effect in the treatments, a higher fruit set of 74% was noted for the treatments T3 - Trichoderma harzianum and T5 - T. virens, and 75% for. The treatments T2 - T. viride and T4 - T. stromaticum the control obtained a lower percentage 42%.