Abstract The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fruit tree plants is a sustainable strategy for producing seedlings. However, information for Dipteryx alata Vogel., a native species, is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most promising AMF inoculum for producing D. alata seedlings and their effects on growth. Seedlings were inoculated with Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora margarita, a mixture of these three species, and an uninoculated control. Height, diameter, and chlorophyll index were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after seedling transplanting, while biomass production, quality index, dependence, and mycorrhizal efficiency were evaluated at 180 days. Greater diameter and height values were observed for D. alata seedlings at 180 days and inoculated with G. albida, G. margarita, and the mixture. AMF of the genus Gigaspora positively contributed to biomass production and seedling quality. D. alata seedlings show high mycorrhizal dependence on G. albida and G. margarita inoculum, which had good mycorrhizal efficiency. AMF, especially those of the genus Gigaspora, favor the production of high-quality D. alata seedlings.

Resumo A simbiose entre fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) com plantas arbóreas frutíferas é uma estratégia sustentável para a produção de mudas. Entretanto, informações para Dipteryx alata Vogel., uma espécie nativa, são insuficientes. Assim, objetivamos identificar os inóculos de FMA mais promissores para D. alata e seus efeitos no crescimento das mudas. As mudas foram inoculadas com Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora margarita e a mistura dessas três espécies, além do controle não inoculadas. As avaliações de altura, diâmetro e índices de robustez e de clorofila foram realizadas aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após o transplantio das mudas, enquanto que a produção de biomassa, índice de qualidade, dependência e eficiência micorrízica foram aos 180 dias. Os maiores valores de altura e diâmetro foram observados nas mudas de D. alata aos 180 dias e inoculadas com G. albida, G. margarita e a mistura. Os FMA do gênero Gigaspora contribuíram positivamente na produção de biomassas e qualidade das mudas. As mudas de D. alata apresentam alta dependência micorrízica ao inóculo de G. albida e G. margarita, os quais tiveram boa eficiência micorrízica. Os FMA, especialmente do gênero Gigaspora, favorecem a produção de mudas de D. alata de alta qualidade.

In cycling, there is a body of evidence that supports that an all-out start strategy is superior to an even-pacing strategy, but it is unknown whether an all-out start strategy is superior to a self-paced strategy. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different pacing strategies on 4-km cycling time trial performance. After preliminary trials (familiarization trials and a baseline 4-km cycling time trial), in a randomized and counterbalanced order, twelve male cyclists (32.3±7.2 years old, maximum rate of O2 uptake (V̇O2peak) 4.3±0.4 L/min) completed: 1) a self-paced 4-km cycling time trial; 2) an all-out start (∼10 s), followed by maintenance of the average baseline trial power for the first km and self-paced cycling for the remaining trial (all-out+mean); and 3) an all-out start (∼10 s), followed by a power 5% above the average baseline trial power for the first km and self-paced cycling for the remaining trial (all-out+5%mean). Although there was a significant interaction between power and distance (P=0.001) with different power distribution profiles throughout the trial, there was no significant difference (P=0.99) between the three strategies for overall exercise performance (self-paced 379.8±13.9 s, all-out+mean 380.0±16.0 s, and all-out+5%mean 380.2±11.5 s). Oxygen uptake, rating of perceived effort, and heart rate were also similar across the pacing strategies. Different all-out start strategies did not confer additional benefits to performance compared to a self-paced strategy.

Abstract Palygorskite (Pal) is a natural clay mineral with fibrous morphology and high surface area. Depending on the geological origin, it presents impurities, such as quartz and carbonates, which can harm some of its properties. Therefore, this work seeks to define a viable methodology for the purification of a Brazilian Pal. Two types of mixing processes (sonication and milling) and two types of dispersing agents (sodium silicate and sodium polyacrylate) were investigated. In addition, a subsequent acid activation with hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid was performed for complete purification. The viability of the purification of Pal was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and thermogravimetric analyses. The sonication mixture process and the use of sodium polyacrylate as a dispersing agent were more effective. In addition, BET analysis showed an increase in the surface area of Pal, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the permanence of its fibrous morphology after the purification steps.

The main movements of artistic swimming demand various physical capacities such as flexibility, strength, power, and muscular endurance. The use of ergogenic resources to potentialize performance in this sport, however, is underexplored and deserves investigation. In the present study, we tested whether caffeine ingestion would improve the execution of movements that are essential in a typical figure competition or routines in artistic swimming (i.e., amplitude in the Ariana, height in the Boost and Barracuda, and time maintained in the Stationary Scull techniques). Sixteen experienced female athlete artistic swimmers (17.4±3.2 years of age, 5.6±2.8 years of artistic swimming practice) performed several movements of artistic swimming after having ingested a capsule containing caffeine (5 mg/kg body mass) or cellulose (placebo). Compared to the placebo, caffeine improved latero-lateral amplitude during the Ariana (P=0.035), the height of the Boost and Barracuda (P=0.028 and 0.009), and maintained duration in Stationary Sculling (P=0.012). Bayes factor analysis, however, indicated substantial evidence of a positive effect of caffeine only on the Barracuda and Stationary Scull techniques. These findings indicated that caffeine improved performance during specific artistic swimming movements. Coaches and athletes should consider caffeine ingestion in their supplementation plans.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.

Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fish’s body length. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.

Abstract Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring is a species popularly known as “jericó”, and used in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate in mice the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hexane (Sc-Hex) and chloroform (Sc-CHCl3) fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) obtained by partition of crude ethanol extract from S. convoluta. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fractions was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The rota-rod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the Sc-Hex and the Sc-CHCl3 were positive for the presence of flavonoids, anthracene derivatives, quinones, triterpenes and steroids. Inhibition of writhing was observed for fractions tested. The Sc-Hex at all doses tested was effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior produced by formalin only in the second phase. However, the Sc-CHCl3 decreased the paw licking time in the first and second phases. In the hot plate no significant effect was observed for any fraction. In the rota-rod test, treated mice did not demonstrate any significant motor performance changes. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduced cell migration to the pleural cavity. These results reveal the antinociceptive properties of S. convoluta , which support, in part, its traditional use, since the fractions did not presented significant activity in the inflammatory response profile. We further verify that this antinociceptive effect could be by activation of nociceptive peripheral pathway.

Resumo Selaginella convoluta é uma espécie popularmente conhecida como “jericó”, e usada na medicina popular como analgésica e anti-inflamatória. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar em camundongos as atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória das frações hexânica (Sc-Hex) e clorofórmica (Sc-CHCl3) (100, 200 e 400 mg/kg) obtidas por partição do extrato etanólico bruto de S. convoluta . A análise fitoquímica preliminar das frações foi realizada. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada pelos testes de contorções abdominais, formalina e placa quente. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada usando pleurisia induzida por carragenina. O teste do rota-rod foi utilizado para avaliar a coordenação motora. A triagem fitoquímica preliminar mostrou que Sc-Hex e Sc-CHCl3 apresentaram reação positiva para a presença de flavonoides, derivados antracênicos, quinonas, triterpenos e esteroides. A inibição das contorções foi observada para as frações testadas. Sc-Hex em todas as doses testadas foi efetivo na redução do comportamento nociceptivo produzido pela formalina somente na segunda fase. No entanto, Sc-CHCl3 diminuiu o tempo de lambida da pata na primeira e segunda fases. Na placa quente, nenhum efeito significativo foi observado para qualquer fração. No teste do rota-rod os camundongos tratados não demonstraram mudanças significativas na coordenação motora. Na pleurisia induzida por carragenina, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduziu a migração celular para a cavidade pleural. Estes resultados revelam a propriedade antinociceptiva de S. convoluta, justificando, em parte, seu uso tradicional, uma vez que os extratos não apresentaram atividade significativa no perfil de resposta inflamatória. Verificamos ainda que esse efeito antinociceptivo mostrou-se ligado à ativação da via periférica nociceptiva.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar as atividades antibacteriana, citotóxica e antioxidante de extratos de Morus nigra L. HPLC foi utilizado para determinar o perfil de compostos fenólicos do extrato etanólico bruto (Mn-EtOH). O efeito antibacteriano foi avaliado através do método de microdiluição. A citotoxicidade foi testada contra linhagens celulares de tumores humanos utilizando o ensaio do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetil-2-tiazolil)-2,5-difenil-2H-tetrazólio (MTT). O conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides também foi avaliado por meio dos métodos de Folin-Ciocalteu e cloreto de alumínio, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante dos extratos foi avaliada por meio do sequestro do radical livre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e co-oxidação do sistema β-caroteno-ácido linoleico. A presença de compostos fenólicos em Mn-EtOH foi confirmada utilizando HPLC. Os extratos mostraram atividade contra a maioria dos microrganismos testados. Os extratos não mostraram qualquer efeito antiproliferativo expressivo na avaliação da citotoxicidade. O conteúdo fenólico total mais significativo foi de 153,00 ± 11,34 mg de equivalente de ácido gálico/g para o extrato acetato de etila (AcOEt). O conteúdo de flavonoides totais foi de 292,50 ± 70,34 mg de equivalente de catequina/g para o extrato AcOEt, que apresentou a melhor atividade antioxidante (IC50 50,40 ± 1,16 mg/mL) para o sequestro do DPPH. Podemos concluir que esta espécie apresenta forte atividade antibacteriana e antioxidante, bem como fraca atividade citotóxica.

Abstract This study was carried out to assess the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of extracts of Morus nigra L. HPLC was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the crude ethanolic extract (Mn-EtOH). The antibacterial effect was assessed through the method of microdilution. The cytotoxicity was tested against human tumour cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also assessed through the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching methods. The presence of phenolic compounds in Mn-EtOH was confirmed using HPLC. The extracts showed activity against most microorganisms tested. The extracts did not show any expressive antiproliferative effect in the assessment of cytotoxicity. The most significant total phenolic content was 153.00 ± 11.34 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g to the ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt). The total flavonoid content was 292.50 ± 70.34 mg of catechin equivalent/g to the AcOEt extract, which presented the best antioxidant activity (IC50 50.40 ± 1.16 μg/mL) for DPPH scavenging. We can conclude that this species shows strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as weak cytotoxic effects.

Abstract Although fluidized bed in situ desulphurization from coal combustion has been widely studied, there are aspects that remain under investigation. Additionally, few publications address Brazilian coal desulphurization via fluidized beds. This study used a 250 kWth bubbling fluidized bed pilot plant to analyze different aspects of the dolomite desulphurization of two Brazilian coals. Superficial velocities of 0.38 and 0.46 m/s, flue gas recycling, Ca/S molar ratios and elutriation were assessed. Results confirmed the influence of the Ca/S molar ratio and superficial velocity - SO2 conversion up to 60.5% was achieved for one coal type, and 70.9% was achieved for the other type. A recycling ratio of 54.6% could increase SO2 conversion up to 86.1%. Elutriation and collection of ashes and Ca-containing products did not present the same behavior because a lower wt. % of CaO was collected by the gas controlled mechanism compared to the ash.

The objective of this work was to know the socioeconomic and sanitary conditions of households in Chapecó (SC) as dimensions of Food and Nutrition Security. We surveyed 774 households from urban and rural areas. The majority of households heads are women (68.8%); 8.4% of the households heads are illiterate, 62.4% have primary education, 20.93% high school and 7.8% have highereducation (incomplete/full, respectively); The average family monthly income was 1.803,8 dollars. The water supply in urban area is done by the public system (84%) and in rural area comes from wells/sources (50.2%). The public sewer system exists only in urban areas (23.4%); 75.4% of the households conduct sewage for tanks in urban area and 99% in rural area. It is considered the household incomes observed facilitate the access to food; however the level of education of more than 70% of household heads is equal to or less than primary education. This may imply the lack of knowledge about hygiene care and food handling. The large number of families who conduct sewage for tanks and that use water from sources/wells for drinking water may prejudice their Food and Nutrition Security condition.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las condiciones socioeconómicas, higiénico-sanitarias y el saneamiento básico de los hogares del municipio de Chapecó (SC) como dimensiones de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Fueron investigados 774 hogares en las zonas urbana y rural. La mayoría de los jefes de los hogares eran mujeres (68,8%). La renta media familiar mensual era 1.803,8 dólares. El sistema de alcantarillado público sólo existe en la zona urbana (23,4%). Se considera que la renta familiar observada mejora el acceso a la alimentación; Sin embargo, el nivel de educación de más de 70% de los jefes es igual o inferior a la educación primaria. Esto puede implicar la falta de cuidado con la higienización y manipulación de los alimentos. El gran número de familias que utiliza agua de fuentes/pozos para el consumo humano puede perjudicar su condición de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional.

A superliga de níquel X-750 pertence a classe das ligas níquel-cromo-alumínio-titânio e é indicada para aplicações em altas temperaturas e ambientes corrosivos. Entre outras aplicações é utilizada para a fabricação de molas helicoidais operando como componente estrutural de reatores nucleares. A presença do titânio em teores da ordem de 2,5% em peso confere à liga elevada resistência mecânica pelo mecanismo de endurecimento por precipitação da fase coerente γ'. Por outro lado o controle das propriedades mecânicas finais é fortemente dependente do grau de encruamento prévio ao tratamento térmico de envelhecimento. Segundo a norma AMS 5698G, o fio da superliga X-750 a ser utilizado na fabricação de molas helicoidais deve ser submetido a um tratamento térmico de solubilização e em seguida deve ser reduzido a frio de aproximadamente 15% de sua área. Após a redução, a mola é conformada e submetida a um tratamento de precipitação e resfriada ao ar. No entanto, não se encontra na literatura cientifica dados suficientes para caracterizar as propriedades mecânicas, particularmente os níveis de resistência, em função dos mecanismos de endurecimento atuantes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar diferentes rotas de processamento para se obter fios da liga X-750 de forma a maximizar as propriedades para a aplicação na fabricação de molas helicoidais em função do grau de deformação do último passe de trefilação. As diferentes etapas de processamento foram caracterizadas por microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura e as propriedades mecânicas por ensaio de dureza Vickers e tração uniaxial. Observou-se, como esperado, que o ganho de resistência devido à deformação foi proporcional ao grau de deformação aplicado. Por outro lado, entretanto, o ganho de resistência devido ao tratamento térmico de envelhecimento é reduzida com o aumento do grau de deformação, ocasionando em uma tensão limite de escoamento cada vez mais dependente do grau de encruamento e, dessa forma, em prejuízo de tenacidade.

The nickel base superalloy X-750 is a nickel-chromium-titanium-aluminum alloy that is suitable for high temperature applications and corrosive environments. Among others applications, it can be used in helical springs manufacturing acting as a structural component in nuclear reactors. The titanium presence at levels of about 2.5wt% gives the alloy high strength by precipitation of the coherent phase γ'. According to the standard AMS 5698G, the wire of X-750 alloy to be used in helical springs manufacturing must be subjected to a solution heat treatment and then be cold reduced by approximately 15% of its area. After the reduction, the spring is shaped as well as precipitation heat treated and air cooling. However, there is not enough data in the scientific literature to characterize the mechanical properties, particularly resistance levels as a function of these hardening mechanisms. This paper aimed to study different processing routes to obtain wires of X-750 alloy in order to maximize the properties for helical springs applications according to the last pass drawing deformation degree. The different processing steps were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties by Vickers hardness and tensile. As expected, the resistance gain due to deformation was proportional to the deformation degree applied. On the other hand, however, the aging heat treatment contribution is reduced with the deformation degree increasing, resulting in a yield stress increasingly dependent on the hardening degree.

Talitrid amphipods are considered one of the most important wrack-deposit consumers in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches due to their ability to remove extensive amounts of macrophytes. The quantity and composition of drift macrophytes can influence the consumption and demographic rates of talitrid species. However, on coasts with a low contribution of macrophytes, where organic material is typically composed of debris, algal fragments, and vascular plants, the feeding behavior of talitrids is poorly understood. Along the south coast of Brazil, the amphipod Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis is the most abundant species of macrofauna on exposed sandy beaches that do not have a high abundance of macroalgal wrack. In order to understand the feeding behavior of this species, experiments on food preference and consumption rates were carried out, and the ability to feed on the surface or buried within the substrate was also tested. Food items offered included the sand crab Emérita brasiliensis, the wedge clam Donax hanleyanus, the mullet fish Mugil sp., and the alga Ulva sp., species that commonly comprise debris on the drift line. Adult amphipods showed a broad feeding range. The most commonly consumed food items were E. brasiliensis and D. hanleyanus, which were consumed more during the night, while Mugil sp. was the least consumed item during both the day and night. In the food preference trials, algal consumption was negligible, suggesting that feeding on debris is more important for this species. Amphipods preferred fresh algae rather than dried algae when simultaneously offered both food items. Our results indicate that talitrids have different feeding strategies and behavior according to the type of organic material deposited on the beach.

Los anfípodos talítridos son considerados los principales consumidores de residuos orgánicos en la zona intermareal de playas arenosas ya que retiran grandes cantidades de macrófitos. La cantidad y composición de los macrófitos depositados pueden influir en el consumo y la tasa demográfica de las especies de talítridos. Sin embargo, en las costas con baja contribución de macrófitos, donde la materia orgánica consiste de detrito, fragmentos de algas y plantas vasculares, el comportamiento alimentario de los talítridos es escasamente conocido. En la costa sur de Brasil, el anfípodo Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis es la especie más abundante de la macrofauna en playas expuestas con escasos restos de algas. Para entender el comportamiento alimentario de esta especie, se realizaron experimentos sobre la preferencia de alimento y las tasas de consumo. La capacidad de alimentarse en la superficie y dentro del sustrato también se examinó. El alimento ofrecido incluyó el cangrejo de arena Emerita brasiliensis, el berberecho Donax hanleyanus, el pez Mugil sp. y el alga Ulva sp., especies que comúnmente comprenden el detrito varado. Los anfípodos adultos consumieron una amplia gama de alimentos. Las especies más consumidas fueron E. brasiliensis y D. hanleyanus, las cuales se consumieron más durante la noche, mientras que Mugil sp. fue el alimento menos consumido durante tanto el día como la noche. En el ensayo de preferencia de alimento, el consumo de algas fue insignificante por lo que se sugiere que los restos de animales son más importantes para la alimentación de esta especie. Los anfípodos prefirieron algas frescas más que algas secas cuando se ofrecieron simultáneamente. Nuestros resultados indican que los talítridos tienen diferente estrategia y comportamiento alimentario según el tipo de material orgánico depositado en la playa.

Os Fóruns de Pesca são arranjos institucionais que surgem a partir de uma organização popular e estão inseridos numa ótica descentralizada de gestão, compreendida como gestão compartilhada. No Rio Grande do Sul, existem algumas iniciativas de sistemas de gestão compartilhada da pesca artesanal, a partir de Fóruns da Pesca, sendo o Fórum do Litoral Norte um dos espaços de gestão de maior organização. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a gestão no Fórum da Pesca do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, com ênfase em sua capacidade de articulação e encaminhamento das questões da pesca profissional artesanal em ambientes lagunares, estuarinos e marítimos. A metodologia constou de um estudo de caso, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e a análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da análise de conteúdo. Realizou-se pesquisa-ação, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em dois espaços de análise, nas reuniões gerais do Fórum da Pesca, em 2011 e 2012, e nos encontros promovidos com os pescadores artesanais, com objetivo de identificar os problemas e demandas da pesca artesanal. Os assuntos debatidos nos três encontros foram sistematizados em torno dos temas: pesca em ambientes lagunares e estuarinos (questões ambientais, fiscalização, legislação ambiental, conflitos territoriais e com outras categorias de usuários) e marítimos (questões ambientais e conflitos territoriais) e questões gerais dos pescadores profissionais artesanais (burocracia para documentação e acesso a programas e valorização da pesca artesanal). As questões da pesca profissional artesanal identificadas no espaço dos encontros estavam em consonância com os temas comumente debatidos e encaminhados no espaço do Fórum de Pesca do Litoral Norte. Dentre as questões identificadas nos encontros com os pescadores, sobre as quais já existe uma articulação e encaminhamento no âmbito do Fórum, destacam-se: a) das ambientais, a situação das comportas e do derramamento de óleo; b) de fiscalização e legislação, a capacitação dos fiscais, a revisão dos critérios técnicos para o ordenamento pesqueiro e o ordenamento da orla marítima; c) das burocráticas, esclarecimentos sobre documentação para a pesca profissional artesanal e revisão de acordos com prefeituras sobre a pesca no verão. Com o surgimento do Fórum de Pesca do Litoral Norte criou-se a possibilidade de um diálogo direto com entidades governamentais e o encaminhamento de demandas identificadas pelas comunidades pesqueiras. No entanto, este Fórum apesar de ser considerado o mais organizado comparado aos demais que existem no Rio Grande do Sul, ainda está em processo contínuo de estruturação, o que acarreta em falhas durante o processo. Conclui-se que o Fórum de Pesca do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul é um espaço de implementação da gestão compartilhada, o qual foi incentivado pelo governo e apropriado pela representação dos pescadores, tendo a capacidade de articular as demandas dos pescadores artesanais de ambientes lagunares, estuarinos e marítimos da região do Litoral Norte e encaminhar às instâncias competentes. Entretanto, por serem demandas associadas à gestão de recursos comuns e territórios compartilhados, os quais estão sendo apropriados por segmentos da sociedade respaldados pela lógica da propriedade privada, elas são tensionadas pelo arranjo institucional envolvido na gestão compartilhada, estando, atualmente, em disputa na sociedade.

The Fishing Forums are institutional arrangements that arise from a grassroots organization and are inserted in a decentralized management perspective, understood as shared management. In Rio Grande do Sul, there are some initiatives management systems shared fishing from Forum Fisheries Forum and the North Coast of the largest spaces management organization. This article aims to analyze the management of Forum Fishing the North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis on their ability to articulate the issues and routing of professional fishing craft in lagoon environments, estuarine and marine. The methodology consisted of a case study, based on a qualitative approach and data analysis was performed based on content analysis. We carried out action research, which data collection occurred in two areas of analysis, general meetings of the Forum Fisheries in 2011 and 2012, and in workshops sponsored with artisanal fishermen, in order to identify the problems and demands of fishing craft. The issues discussed in three meetings were organized around the themes: fishing in lagoons and estuarine environments (environmental issues, surveillance, environmental legislation, land conflicts and other categories of users) and sea (territorial conflicts and environmental issues) and general issues of traditional fishermen (bureaucracy for documentation and access to programs and artisanal fisheries enhancement). The professional artisanal fisheries issues identified within the meetings were in line with the commonly debated topics in space and forwarded Forum Fishing the North Coast. Among the issues identified in meetings with fishermen, on which there is already a linkage and referral within the Forum, are: a) the environmental situation of the gates and the oil spill, b) monitoring and legislation, training of tax, revision of technical criteria for fishery management and planning of the waterfront c) of bureaucratic documentation for clarification on professional fishing craft and revision of agreements with municipalities about fishing in the summer. With the emergence Forum Fishing the North Coast created the possibility of a direct dialogue with government entities and the routing of demands identified by the fishing communities. However, this forum despite being considered the more organized compared to the others that exist in Rio Grande do Sul, is still ongoing process of structuring, resulting in failure during the process. We conclude that the Forum Fishing the North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul is an area of shared management implementation, which was encouraged by the government and by the appropriate representation of fishermen, having the ability to articulate the demands of fishermen environments lagustres, estuarine and marine region of the North Coast and refer to the relevant bodies. However, demands for being associated with management of common resources and shared territories, which are being appropriated by segments of society backed by the logic of private property, they are fastened by institutional arrangements involved in shared management and is currently in dispute in society.

Vitamin A and zinc are powerful antioxidants with synergy between them, thus protecting the organism against oxidative stress during the pre and postoperative periods. Our aim was to investigate the evolution clinical in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting while receiving vitamin A supplements according to their zinc nutritional status. They were randomly divided into two groups (2:1): Control group (G1 = 60); and Supplemented group (G2 = 30) and subdivided according to the nutritional status of zinc. Serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, zinc and levels of malondialdehyde were measured prior to (T0) and on the 21st day (T1) following surgery. After surgery, was found a significant difference between G1 and G2 when comparing retinol (G1 = 38.7 ± 17.1 μg/dL and G2 = 62.1 ± 20.3 μg/dL; p < 0.001) and β-carotene (G1 = 12.3 ± 5.7 μg/dL and G2 = 53.5 ± 20.9 μg/dL; p < 0.001) in the patients with adequate concentrations of zinc. Analyzing the evolution clinical, operative mortality was 8.33% in G1 and 3.33% in G2. Hospitalization time significantly smaller in the G2 was found in the patients who had adequate concentrations of zinc (p = 0.001), as well as time in the intensive care unit both in those with adequate and inadequate levels of zinc (p = 0.047; p = 0.039). Such results may indicate that vitamin A supplementation may have a positive impact in combating the oxidative stress to which these patients are exposed above all in patients with adequate levels of zinc.

La vitamina A y zinc son antioxidantes de gran alcance con la sinergia entre ellos, lo que protege el organismo contra el estrés oxidativo durante los períodos pre y postoperatorio. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la evolución clínica en pacientes sometidos a cirugía miocàrdica, mientras que recibir suplementos de vitamina A en función de su estado nutricional de zinc. Ellos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos (2:1): grupo control (G1 = 60) y el grupo suplementado (G2 = 30) y se subdividen de acuerdo con el estado nutricional de zinc. Las concentraciones séricas de retinol, β-caroteno, el zinc y los niveles de malondialdehído se midieron antes (T0) y el día 21 (T1) después de la cirugía. Después de la cirugía, se encontró una diferencia significativa entre G1 y G2, al comparar el retinol (G1 = 38,7 ± 17,1 μg / dl y G2 = 62,1 ± 20,3 μg/dl, p < 0,001) y el β-caroteno (G1 = 12,3 + 5,7 g/dl y G2 = 53,5 ± 20,9 μg/dl, p <0,001) en los pacientes con concentraciones adecuadas de zinc. El anàlisis de la evolución clínica, la mortalidad operatoria fue del 8,33% en el G1 y el 3,33% en el G2. El tiempo de hospitalización significativamente menor en el G2 se encontró en los pacientes que tenían concentraciones adecuadas de zinc (p = 0,001), así como el tiempo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, tanto en aquellos con niveles adecuados e inadecuados de zinc (p = 0,047, p = 0,039). Estos resultados podrían indicar que suplementos de vitamina A puede tener un impacto positivo en la lucha contra el estrés oxidativo al que estos pacientes estàn expuestos, sobre todo en pacientes con niveles adecuados de zinc.

Background: Dietary vitamin K intake has been considered a major factor that influences stability of oral anticoagulation (OA) with coumarins. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between amounts of dietary vitamin K intake and stability of anticoagulation. Objective: To assess whether high dietary vitamin K intake is associated to stability of International Normalized Ratio (INR) of the prothrombin time. Methods: We performed a sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving outpatients from the anticoagulation clinic of a university hospital. INR and vitamin K intake were prospectively collected at baseline, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after randomization. Patients were considered with a stable anticoagulation when their INR coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Dietary vitamin K intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnair and a score of intake was derived. Results: We studied 132 patients on chronic OA (57 ± 13 years; 55% males); 23 patients (17%) were achieved stable anticoagulation. Stable and unstable patients had no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The dietary vitamin K score over the entire follow-up for stable patients was significantly lower than that for unstable patients (p = 0.012). Discussion: Our findings suggest that INR stability could be achieved with relatively low amounts of dietary vitamin K.

Introducción: El consumo dietético de vitamina K ha sido considerado un factor importante que influye en la estabilidad de la anticoagulación oral (AO) con cumarina. Pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre el consumo dietético de vitamina K y la estabilidad de la anticoagulación. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación existente entre la alta ingesta de vitamina K y el mantenimiento de la estabilidade del la Razón Normalizada Internacional RNI. Métodos: Se realizó una subanálisis de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con pacientes ambulatórios de la clínica de anticoagulación de un hospital universitario. Los datos acerca del RNI y la ingesta de vitamina K fueron recogidos prospectivamente al inicio del estudio, y en los días 15, 30, 60 y 90. Los pacientes fueron considerados estables cuando su coeficiente de variación del RNI fue menor de 10%. La evaluacion de la dieta y la ingesta de vitamina K se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y un sistema de puntuación fue creado para esto. Resultados: Se estudiaron 132 pacientes en tratamiento crónico (57 ± 13 años, el 55% masculino), 23 pacientes (17%) lograron anticoagulación estable. Con relación a las características basales, no hubo diferencias entre los sujetos con anticoagulación estable o inestable. La puntuación de la vitamina K de la dieta durante todo el seguimiento de los pacientes se mantuvo significativamente menor entre aquellos con RNI estable cuándo comparado con los inestables (p = 0,012). Discusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que con cantidades relativamente bajas de vitamina K podremos obtener la estabilidad de RNI.

Background: Non-pharmacological measures are recommended for heart failure patients. However, most studies evaluate low sodium diet, while little is known about the effects of interventions to improve adherence and knowledge of patients about diet content. Objective: To evaluate if a global nutritional orientation could affect nutritional knowledge, adherence to food guidelines, anthropometrics and quality of life in heart failure patients. Methods: Forty six patients were randomized to intervention or control group. Both groups received usual care with medical and nursing staff; the intervention group received additional nutritional guidance about diet and its relationship with disease, sources of nutrients, and reduction of dietary sodium and fats. Enforcement of the nutritional guidance was performed after 4 weeks. Both groups were evaluated at baseline, and after 6 weeks and 6 months. Evaluations included anthropometric parameters, sodium excretion in 24-hour urine, dietary recall, nutrition knowledge and quality of life questionnaires. Results: Mean age of included patients was 58 ± 10 years and 70% were male. After 6 months of follow-up, the nutritional knowledge of intervention group increased compared to control (p < 0.05). Caloric, fat and sodium intake decreased in the intervention group compared to control (p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen in quality of life or anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: Nutritional orientation was effective to modify 1) knowledge about food and nutrition, and 2) quality of diet in outpatients with heart failure. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits on quality of life and prognosis.

Introducción: Medidas no farmacológicas se recomiendan en la insuficiencia cardíaca. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios evalúa dietas restrictas en sodio, mientras que poco se sabe sobre el efecto de intervenciones para mejorar la adherencia y el conocimiento sobre dieta. Objetivo: Evaluar si una orientación nutricional puede modificar la adherencia a la dieta, conocimiento nutricional, antropometría y calidad de la vida en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos: 46 pacientes fueron aleatorizados al grupo control o intervención. Ambos recibieron el tratamiento habitual del equipo; el grupo intervención recibió además orientación sobre la dieta y su relación con la enfermedad, fuentes de alimentos y reducción de las grasas y sodio. Ambos los grupos fueron evaluados al principio del estudio, 6 semanas y 6 meses. Evaluaciones incluían antropometría, sodio en la orina de 24 h, el recordatorio alimenticio, y los cuestionarios de conocimiento nutricional y de la calidad de la vida. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 58 ± 10 años y 70% eran hombres. Después de 6 meses, el conocimiento nutricional del grupo intervención aumentó en comparación al grupo control (p < 0,05). La ingestión calórica, de grasa y del sodio reducirán en grupo intervención, comparado con el grupo control (p < 0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en la calidad de vida y antropometría. Conclusiones: La orientación nutricional fue efectiva en la modificación de 1) conocimiento nutricional, y 2) calidad de la dieta en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. Más estudios que evalúan los beneficios en la calidad de la vida y pronóstico son necesarios.