Silver nanoparticles (AgNp) were deposited on highly porous TiO2 surfaces by the dripping of a colloidal AgNp solution to provide antimicrobial activity. Micro-porous TiO2 surfaces were obtained on commercially pure titanium by micro-arc oxidation in an electrolyte containing Ca and P precursors. In addition, as silver can be toxic to cells, these surfaces were uniformly covered with the biocompatible and bioresorbable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer by electrospinning, aiming at promoting a controlled release of silver ions to the medium. The resulting AgNp-containing surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and bioactivity. Tests revealed that the surfaces showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with better results for the surfaces without PLA. However, all the surfaces presented good biocompatibility in assays with mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, and greater cell differentiation for the polymer-coated surfaces. Finally, the PLA ultrafine fibers electrospun on the TiO2/AgNp surfaces allowed a controlled release of silver ions in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium. (AgNp TiO Microporous Micro microarc micro arc precursors addition cells polylactic poly lactic acid (PLA electrospinning medium AgNpcontaining SEM, SEM , (SEM) EDS (EDS Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) bioactivity aureus However MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1 MC T E MC3T3-E preosteoblasts, preosteoblasts pre osteoblasts, osteoblasts pre-osteoblasts polymercoated coated Finally TiO2AgNp TiOAgNp phosphatebuffered phosphate buffered PBS (PBS (SEM (XRD MC3T3E MCT MC3T

Faced with the dismantling of the social participation policy in Brazil that took place between 2014 and 2022, the paper analyzes the potentials and limits of creation in 2023 of Social Participation Advisory Services in the ministerial structure of the federal government. In order to know the genesis of such bodies, the paper construes documents and conversations with members of the Government Transition Committee. In order to understand the position of the Advisories in institutional architecture, the paper assays decrees that organized the ministries and the Social Participation System. The research dialogues with the context of retaking and redesigning mechanisms to promote social participation, understanding that it is possible to mobilize institutional, political, administrative and technical state capacities to carry out the participatory management of public policies. Faced with the challenge of identifying what are the conditions for action to promote social participation, the work verifies that the creation of the Advisory Services and the System potentially mobilizes state capacities, even with limitations at the beginning of operation.

Diante do desmantelamento da política de participação social no Brasil ocorrido entre 2014 e 2022, o artigo analisa potenciais e limites da criação em 2023 de Assessorias de Participação Social na estrutura ministerial do governo federal. Para conhecer a gênese de tais órgãos, foram analisados documentos e realizadas conversas com integrantes da Comissão de Transição Governamental. Para compreender o posicionamento das Assessorias na arquitetura institucional, foram analisados decretos de organização dos ministérios e do Sistema de Participação Social. A pesquisa dialoga com o contexto de retomada e redesenho de mecanismos de promoção da participação social, entendendo que é possível mobilizar capacidades estatais de ordem institucional, política, administrativa e técnica para efetivar a gestão participativa de políticas públicas. Diante do desafio de identificar quais são as condições de ação para a promoção da participação social, o trabalho verifica que a criação das Assessorias e do Sistema potencialmente mobiliza capacidades estatais, mesmo enfrentando limitações neste início de funcionamento.

ABSTRACT Late sowings anticipate flowering and decrease the soybean vegetative plasticity. These changes may limit the ability of plants to tolerate leaf area losses. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sowing date effect on soybean tolerance to defoliation at the beginning of pod formation. The experiment was set in Lages (Santa Catarina State, Brazil) during the 2016/2017 growing season. Two sowing dates were tested: November 2, 2016 (preferential) and December 15, 2016 (late). Five levels of defoliation (0%, 17%, 33%, 50% and 67%) of cultivar NA 5909 RG were imposed at the R3 growth stage. Grain yield showed a quadratic response to defoliation, ranging from 4,313 to 6,478 kg ha-1 in the preferential sowing date and from 3,374 to 4,443 kg ha-1 in the late sowing date. The plants tolerated up to 45.6% of defoliation in early sowing and 55.8% in late sowing, without yield losses, in comparison to the control. The highest level of defoliation reduced grain yield by 26.9% and 13.4% in early and late sowings, respectively, compared to the control. The delay of sowing date did not increase the sensitivity of cultivar NA 5909 RG to defoliation at the beginning of pod formation. plasticity losses formation Santa State Brazil 20162017 2017 2016/201 season tested 2 201 (preferential 15 late. . (late) 0%, 0 (0% 17 17% 33 33% 50 67% 67 590 R stage 4313 4 313 4,31 6478 6 478 6,47 ha1 ha 1 ha- 3374 3 374 3,37 4443 443 4,44 456 45 45.6 558 55 8 55.8 control 269 26 9 26.9 134 13 13.4 respectively 2016201 2016/20 20 (late 0% (0 5 59 431 31 4,3 647 47 6,4 337 37 3,3 444 44 4,4 45. 55. 26. 13. 201620 2016/2 ( 43 4, 64 6, 3, 20162 2016/

ABSTRACT Soybean tolerance to defoliation may be affected by population density, as the plant population interferes with the crop leaf area index . This study aimed to evaluate the effect of defoliation at the beginning of pod formation on the agronomic performance of soybean at different plant densities. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Campos Novos, SC, Brazil, during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-plot arrangement. The main plot consisted of three densities (100,000, 300,000, and 500,000 plants ha−1), whereas the subplots consisted of the cultivar NA 5909 RG submitted to five defoliation levels (0, 16.6, 33.3, 50, and 66.6%). Grain yield ranged from 4,219 to 5,356 kg ha−1 in the 2016/2017 growing season and 3,732 to 5,186 kg ha−1 in the 2017/2018 growing season. Plant density did not interfere with the grain yield response to defoliation performed at the beginning of pod formation. The 16.6% defoliation increase grain yield by 7.5 and 5.6% relative to the control in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons, respectively. The soybean tolerate defoliation of up to 33.3% at R3 with no significant decrease in grain yield, regardless of the plant density.

ABSTRACT. Seed reserve mobilization is considered a post-germination process; however, seed storage protein mobilization occurs during germination. Thus, the knowledge of seed protein composition is important to understand various processes during germination, and it be associated with seed vigor. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize landrace genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) through fractionation of seed storage proteins during germination and to verify the association between seed protein composition and seed vigor. Genotypes of the highest (55 and 81) and lowest (23 and 50) physiological quality were selected. Protein content analysis, profiling, and characterization were performed by combining different hydration times. Mass spectrometry involving in-gel digestion and MALDI-ToF analysis was employed for the qualitative identification of proteins. Glutelin extraction detected the enzyme lipoxygenase in genotypes 55 and 81 alone. In plants, this enzyme may be involved in diverse physiological processes, including growth and development, pest resistance, senescence, and response to wounding. In the process of germination, lipoxygenase removes reactive oxygen species during reserve mobilization; therefore, lipoxygenase may be a candidate biochemical marker for high-vigor genotypes.

ABSTRACT. Water deficiency reduces leaf expansion and photosynthetic efficiency, potentially reducing the ability to withstand leaf area (LA) loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water restriction on soybean tolerance to defoliation in the vegetative and reproductive periods of development. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located in Lages, Santa Catarina State Brazil, during the 2017/2018 growing season. Cultivar NA 5909 RG was subjected to three WR levels (none, moderate, and severe) and five defoliation levels (0, 17, 33, 50, and 67%). Defoliation occurred at the V6 stage in the first experiment and R3 in the second. WR occurred for 7 days after defoliation. LA at R2 and R5 after defoliation at V6 and R3 decreased by 27.5 and 64.6%, respectively, regardless of WR. LA between V6 and R2 was not influenced by WR or defoliation. Moderate or severe WR reduced plant ability to recover LA between R3 and R5. Severe WR decreased grain production by 22.2% in the vegetative period and 21.2% per plant in the reproductive period compared to that of the control, regardless of defoliation. The highest defoliation level reduced grain production per plant by 24.7 and 24.3% relative to the control at stages V6 and R3, respectively, regardless of WR. WR imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages did not increase defoliation sensitivity.

RESUMO A tolerância da soja à desfolha pode ser afetada pelo grupo de maturação relativa (GMR) da cultivar. Este trabalho foi conduzido objetivando avaliar os efeitos da desfolha artificial nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva sobre o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de soja com diferentes grupos de maturação. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, no município de Lages, SC. No primeiro a desfolha foi realizada em V6 e no segundo em R3. Avaliaram-se três cultivares com grupos de maturação relativa (GMR) contrastantes: BMX Veloz (GM 5.0, hábito de crescimento indeterminado), NA 5909 (GM 5.9, hábito de crescimento indeterminado) e TMG 7262 (GM 6.2, hábito de crescimento semideterminado). Cada cultivar foi submetida a cinco níveis de desolha: 0%, 16,6%, 33,3%, 50% e 66,6%. Avaliou-se a expansão foliar após a desfolha, o rendimento de grãos e seus componentes. A cultivar BMX Veloz apresentou menor capacidade de expansão foliar e menor rendimento de grãos do que as demais cultivares quando desfolhada em V6. O rendimento de grãos das três cultivares somente sofreu decréscimos significativos com desfolhas superiores a 16,6% em R3. Portanto, a cultivar BMX Veloz é menos tolerante à desfolha na fase vegetativa do que as cultivares NA 5909 e TMG 7262. O grupo de maturação da cultivar não interfere na tolerância da soja à desfolha na fase reprodutiva sob condições de casa de vegetação.

ABSTRACT Soybean tolerance to defoliation may be affected by relative maturity group (RMG) of the cultivar. For this reason, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of artificial defoliation at vegetative and reproductive stages on the agronomic performance of soybean cultivars with different RMG. Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse conditions in Lages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Defoliation was carried out at V6 in the first experiment and at R3 in the second experiment. Three cultivars with contrasting RMG were used: BMX Veloz (RMG of 5.0, indeterminate growth habit), NA 5909 (RMG of 5.9, indeterminate growth habit), and TMG 7262 (RMG of 6.2, semi-determinate growth habit). Each cultivar was submitted to five defoliation levels: 0.0, 16.6, 33.3, 50.0, and 66.6%. Leaf expansion after defoliation, grain yield and its components were determined. The BMX Veloz showed lower leaf expansion capacity and lower grain yield when compared to the other cultivars when defoliated at V6. Grain yield of the three cultivars only showed significant decreases with defoliation levels higher than 16.6% at R3. The cultivar BMX Veloz is less tolerant to defoliation during the vegetative stage when compared to the cultivars NA 5909 and TMG 7262. Cultivar maturity group does not interfere with soybean tolerance to defoliation at the reproductive stage in greenhouse conditions.

RESUMO: As podridões radiculares podem ocorrer em diferentes sistemas de cultivos e afetar a produtividade. Objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar a incidência de podridões radiculares em distintos sistemas de sucessão de cultivos e sua relação com a produtividade de sementes soja. A pesquisa foi realizada por duas safras agrícolas, na Região de Ponte Serrada, Santa Catarina, em lavouras de sementes de soja cultivadas em plantio direto que foi subdividida em quatro sistemas de sucessão de cultivos: aveia-soja+aveia-soja, milho-soja+milho-soja, trigo-soja+trigo-soja e pasto-soja+pasto-soja. Os dados foram submetidos à correlação de Pearson e ao teste de médias de Duncan ou F (P<0,05). Constatou-se que a incidência de podridões radiculares, principalmente podridão cinzenta e morte súbita, na média dos sistemas, está acima de 50% e como consequência gerou redução de produtividade na ordem de 22kg ha-1 de semente de soja para cada 1% de aumento na incidência destas doenças. As podridões radiculares reduzem a produtividade de 20 a 102kg ha-1 na primeira safra e, de 9 a 32kg ha-1 na segunda safra, considerando todos os sistemas de cultivo. O sistema soja+pasto, é o menos produtivo com impacto negativo das PR de 74,9 e 32,9kg ha-1 na primeira e segunda safra, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT: Root rot (RR), which can occur in different cropping systems, affects soybean seed yield. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of RR in soybean crop systems and its relationship with soybean yield. The study was carried out for two growing seasons in a no-till system consisting of four soybean crop systems: soybean-oat+soybean-oat, soybean-maize+soybean-maize, soybean-wheat+soybean-wheat and soybean-pasture+soybean-pasture. Data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation. Incidence of RR, mainly charcoal rot and sudden death, was more than 50% in soybean roots for all the soybean crop systems and consequently decreased yield by around 22kg ha-1 of seed for every 1% increase in RR. Root rot led to a decline in seed yield from 20 to 102kg ha-1 in the first season and 9 to 32kg ha-1 in the second season, considering all the cropping systems. Soybean + pasture was the lowest productive system, with a negative RR impact of 74.9 and 32.9kg ha-1 in the first and second season, respectively.

RESUMO Qualidade de sementes de acessos de feijão sob sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional A agrobiodiversidade é indispensável para a produção de alimentos de forma sustentável, e o conhecimento das características potenciais das sementes de acessos crioulos pode auxiliar na retomada, por parte dos agricultores, do hábito de conservação de suas sementes. Objetivou-se categorizar os acessos crioulos e comerciais de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pelas características da qualidade fisiológica (viabilidade e vigor) de sementes produzidas em campo, em duas safras agrícolas, sob cultivos orgânico e convencional. Foram avaliados o percentual de germinação, emergência a campo, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio e comprimento de plântulas. Os acessos crioulos de feijão apresentam diversidade na qualidade fisiológica das sementes, pelas suas características de viabilidade e vigor. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os sistemas de produção, na qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. A categorização dos acessos crioulos de feijão permite indicar quais deles possuem qualidade fisiológica superior das sementes.

ABSTRACT Agrobiodiversity is essential for a sustainable food production, and the knowledge of the potential characteristics of landrace seeds may prompt farmers to adopt the habit of seed conservation for this species. This study aimed at categorizing landrace and commercial common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions, according to the physiological quality (viability and vigor) of seeds produced in the field, during two growing seasons, under organic and conventional farming systems. Germination percentage, field emergence, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, cold test and seedling length were assessed. The landrace bean accessions exhibit diversity in the physiological seed quality, in terms of their viability and vigor. No differences were observed between the farming systems, in relation to the physiological quality of the seeds produced. The categorization of landrace common bean accessions allows to identify those with superior physiological seed quality.

RESUMO: Desfolhas podem interferir na relação fonte-dreno e afetar negativamente a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de trigo das cultivares 'BRS Umbu' e 'BRS Tarumã' obtidas de plantas submetidas ou não a desfolhas. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições dos diferentes tratamentos, que consistiram em: sem corte, 1, 2 e 3 cortes, em que as sementes oriundas de cada tratamento originaram lotes distintos. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Constatou-se que a restrição de fonte não influenciou a germinação das sementes de trigo, independente do número de cortes e resultou em efeitos sobre o vigor.

ABSTRACT: Defoliation may play a role in source-sink relationships and reduce the physiological quality of seeds. The main goal of this research was to investigate the effect of successive defoliations on physiological quality of wheat seeds in 'BRS Umbu' and 'BRS Tarumã' cultivars. Two experiments were carried out using a complete randomized design with four replications. Treatments included plants without defoliation (0), and those where 1, 2, and 3 consecutives defoliations were applied. Seeds from each treatment originated from four different lots. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% statistical probability. Germination was not affected by defoliation, or the number of cuts, but an effect on vigor was reported.

RESUMO A ocorrência de doenças foliares na cultura do arroz irrigado pode reduzir o rendimento e comprometer a qualidade do grão. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre incidência e severidade na intensidade de manchas foliares em arroz irrigado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com o cultivar SCS 116 Satoru nas safras 2011/12 e 2012/13, no município de Rio do Oeste, Alto Vale do Itajaí, estado de Santa Catarina. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos constituídos de aplicações de mistura de fungicidas triazol (difenoconazole) e estrobilurina (azoxistrobina), sendo uma aplicação em final de perfilhamento (V8), duas aplicações (V8 + R0, iniciação da panícula), três aplicações (V8 + R0 + R2, emborrachamento), quatro aplicações (V8 + R0 + R2 + R4, floração), cinco aplicações (V8 + R0 + R2 + R4 + R6, grão leitoso) com objetivo de gerar um gradiente de intensidade de doença. Antes de cada aplicação foi determinada a incidência e a severidade das doenças foliares. Nas duas safras as doenças foliares predominantes foram brusone, mancha parda e escaldadura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Utilizando a equação com melhor ajuste nas duas safras e substituindo o valor de severidade de 1% obtém-se incidência de 30,80; 35,86; 25,91; 30,26; 32,90 respectivamente nos estádios fenológicos de perfilhamento, iniciação da panícula, emborrachamento, floração e grão leitoso. A severidade estimada com base na incidência e vice-versa possibilita seu uso pela assistência técnica no monitoramento das manchas foliares na cultura do arroz irrigado.

ABSTRACT The occurrence of leaf diseases in irrigated rice can reduce yield and grain quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between incidence and severity in the intensity of leaf spots in irrigated rice. Experiments were conducted with the rice cultivar SCS 116 Satoru in 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons in Rio do Oeste, located in Alto Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks with four replicates and six treatments consisting of applications of a mixture of the fungicides triazole (difenoconazole) and strobilurin (azoxystrobin), which included one application at the end of tillering (V8), two applications (V8 + R0, panicle initiation), three applications (V8 + R0 + R2, booting), four applications (V8 + R0 + R2 + R4, flowering), five applications (V8 + R0 + R2 + R4 + R6, milky grain), with the objective to create a disease intensity gradient. Before each application, the incidence and the severity of leaf diseases were determined. In both growing seasons, the predominant leaf diseases were blast, brown spot and scald. The obtained data were subjected to regression analysis. Using the equation that best fit in both crop seasons and substituting the severity value for 1%, the incidences of 30.80; 35.86; 25.91; 30.26; 32.90 were obtained at the phenological stages of tillering, panicle initiation, booting, flowering and milky grain, respectively. The disease severity estimated based on the incidence and vice-versa allows its use for technical assistance in the monitoring of leaf spots in irrigated rice.

RESUMO: A utilização de bioestimulantes pode auxiliar a mitigar os prejuízos ao milho, ocasionados pela má qualidade de estande. Este trabalho foi conduzido objetivando avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes com bioestimulante sobre o desempenho agronômico do milho, submetido a diferentes níveis de variabilidade na distribuição espacial das plantas na linha de semeadura. O experimento foi implantado em Lages, SC, durante o ano agrícola de 2013/2014. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas principais, testaram-se três níveis de desuniformidade espacial na linha: 0, 50 e 100% do Coeficiente de Variação (CV). No nível 0 % de CV, todas as sementes foram uniformemente distribuídas no sulco de semeadura, a uma distância de 17cm entre si. Nos demais níveis de CV, as distâncias entre sementes variaram conforme o tratamento. Nas subparcelas, testou-se a presença ou ausência do tratamento de sementes com bioestimulante. O aumento da variabilidade na distribuição espacial das plantas reduziu a área foliar e o teor de clorofila da folha índice no espigamento, bem como o diâmetro do colmo na colheita, independentemente do tratamento de sementes com bioestimulante. Isso contribuiu para reduzir o número de grãos por espiga e o rendimento de grãos dos tratamentos com 50 e 100% de CV na variabilidade espacial, tanto na presença quanto na ausência do bioestimulante. Portanto, o tratamento de sementes com bioestimulante não mitigou os prejuízos ao rendimento de grãos do milho ocasionados pela distribuição espacial irregular das plantas na linha de semeadura.

ABSTRACT: The use of biostimulants may help to mitigate damages to maize caused by poor stand quality. This research was carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with biostimulant on the agronomic performance of maize submitted to different levels of plant spatial distribution at the sowing row. The experiment was set in Lages, SC, during the 2013/2014 growing season. A randomized block design disposed in split plots was used. Three levels of plant spatial unevenness at the sowing row were tested in the main plots: 0, 50 and 100% of the variation coefficient (CV). At the level 0% of CV all seeds were evenly distributed with a distance of 17cm from each other. At the other levels of CV, the distance between seeds varied according to the treatment. The presence or absence of seed treatment with biostimulant was assessed in the split plots. The increase in plant spatial distribution variability at the sowing row decreased leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content at silking, as well as stem diameter at harvest, regardless of seed treatment with biostimulant. Such behavior contributed to decrease the number of kernels per ear and grain yield of treatments with 50 and 100% C.V. of spatial variability, with and without biostimulant seed treatment. Therefore, seed treatment with biostimulant did not mitigate damages to maize grain yield caused by irregular spatial plant distribution at sowing row.

Nitrogen and phosphorus present in sewage can be used for microalgae growth, possibiliting cost reduction in the production of microalgae at the same time that it decreases the eutrophication potential of the effluent. This research aimed at monitoring the native community of microalgae and coliform bacteria in a secondary effluent from anaerobic municipal sewage treatment. Two treatments (aerated and non-aerated) were performed to grow microalgae under semi-controlled conditions in semi-closed photobioreactors in a greenhouse. The results showed no significant pH and coliforms (total and Escherichia coli) variation between treatments. Nutrient concentrations were reduced supporting microalgae growth up to 107 cells.mL−1independent of aeration. Exponential growth was obtained from the first day for the non-aerated, but a 5 day lag phase of growth was obtained for the aerated. Chlorella vulgaris was the dominant microalgae (99.9%) in both treatments. In the aerated, 5 algae classes were detected (Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae), with 12 taxa, whereas in the non-aerated, 2 classes were identified (Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae), with 5 taxa. We concluded that effluent is viable for microalgae growth, especially Chlorella vulgaris, at the same time that the eutrophication potential and coliforms are decreased, contributing for better quality of the final effluent.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de concentrações do regulador de crescimento etil-trinexapac na altura de planta, no acamamento e na produtividade de grãos da cultivar de aveia-branca Barbarasul, em diferentes ambientes de cultivo e doses de nitrogênio. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas safras 2010 e 2011 nos municípios de Capão do Leão e Augusto Pestana, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e nas safras 2010 e 2012 no Município de Lages, no Estado de Santa Catarina. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4x2x6 (dose de etil-trinexapac, estádio de desenvolvimento da planta e ambiente), com quatro repetições constituídas por parcelas úteis de 3,0 m2. Em cada ambiente, realizou-se adubação nitrogenada com 30 e 90 kg ha-1 de N. Foram avaliados os caracteres altura de planta, percentagem de acamamento e produtividade de grãos. A aplicação do regulador de crescimento etil-trinexapac nas doses de 100 a 150 g i.a. ha-1 em plantas de aveia-branca 'Barbarasul', nos estádios E31 e E32, reduz a altura das plantas e a percentagem de acamamento, sem prejuízos à produtividade de grãos. A intensidade da redução do acamamento depende das características do ambiente de cultivo.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of doses of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant height, lodging index, and grain yield of the white oat cultivar Barbarasul at different cultivation environments and nitrogen doses. The experiments were conducted in the 2010 and 2011 crop seasons in the municipalities of Capão do Leão and Augusto Pestana, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and in the 2010 and 2012 crop seasons in the municipality of Lages, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used, in a 4x2x6 factorial arrangement (dose of trinexapac-ethyl, development stage, and environment), with four replicates consisting of 3.0 m2 plots. In each environment, nitrogen fertilization was done with 30 and 90 kg ha-1 N. The evaluated traits were plant height, lodging index percentage, and grain yield. The application of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl, at the doses of 100 to 150 g a.i. ha-1 in 'Barbarasul' white oat plants, in the E31 and E32 development stages, reduces plant height and the percentage of lodging, without harming grain yield. The intensity of the reduction in lodging depends on the conditions of the cultivation environment.

Objetivo: Describir los microorganismos presentes en las superficies del área de quirófanos de un hospital de tamaño medio en el estado de Sao Paulo (Brasil). Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron y cultivaron 60 muestras con la ayuda de hisopos estériles en agua peptonada y aplicadas sobre cuadrantes de 20 cm 2 . Las superficies investigadas fueron: tabla de medicamentos, mesa operatoria, terminaciones de mármol de la sala y grillas del aire acondicionado. Resultados: El organismo aislado de manera más frecuente fue Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa negativa y se encontró sobre la mesa operatoria y en la mesa de drogas (50,7% de las muestras). Este es el microorganismo reportado como la causa más frecuente de infecciones post-quirúrgicas en el mismo hospital. Conclusiones: Las medidas profilácticas deben incluir un apropiado lavado de manos, uso de equipo personal protector y limpieza y esterilización del equipo médico y hospitalario y de las superficies de trabajo

Objective: To describe the microorganisms present on surface areas of surgical rooms, in a medium-sized hospital in Sao Paulo state (Brazil). Materials and method: Sixty samples were collected with the aid of sterile swabs soaked in peptone water and rubbed into quadrants of 20 cm 2 . The surfaces investigated were: medication tables, surgical tables, marble countertops and air conditioning grilles. Results: Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase negative, was the microorganism most frequently found on the surgical tables and on the medication tables (50.7% of the samples). This microorganism is also the most frequent cause of post-surgical infection at the same hospital. Conclusions: Prophylactic measures should include proper hand washing, the use of personal protective equipment, appropriate uniforms, and cleaning and sterilization of surface and medical and hospital equipment.