Pequi peel comprises 76% of the whole fruit and it is discarded during consumption. Thus, pequi peel has been considered a solid residue, although it has potential for use in various applications. Limitations in the use of this material are mainly due to the lack of information of its nutritional composition, especially about the toxic or antinutritional factors. Soaking is often used to prepare complementary foods and has been reported to be beneficial for enhancing nutritive value. The effect of soaking on the nutritional quality of pequi peel flour was determined by measuring changes in chemical composition, antinutritional factors, total phenols and in vitro protein and starch digestibility. The results showed that 24 h of maceration increases the content of lipids (200%), protein (28.3%) and dietary fibber (31%), while carbohydrate and ash content decreases. There were no haemagglutination activity or α-amylase inhibitors, but it was detected the presence of phytic acid (0.4 g 100 g-1). The soaking reduced 8.5% phenols and 19.0% tannins, 6.2% protein digestibility, and was also effective to eliminate trypsin inhibitors, and increase starch digestibility (24.2%). Soaking was efficient to improve nutritional characteristics of the pequi peel flour, opening up possibilities for its use in food formulations.

Dentre os frutos do Cerrado, destaca-se o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), que é constituído por aproximadamente 80% de casca, que é desprezada; no entanto, apresenta potencial de utilização em várias aplicações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das variáveis concentração de ácido cítrico, temperatura e tempo de extração sobre o rendimento e o grau de esterificação da pectina extraída da casca de pequi e compará-la com a pectina cítrica comercial aplicada na formulação de geleia light. Obtiveram-se rendimentos de pectina entre 14,89 e 55,86 g.100g-1. A pectina obtida da casca de pequi caracterizou-se por apresentar baixo grau de esterificação (11,79-48,87%). A geleia light elaborada a partir da pectina da casca de pequi, extraída à temperatura de 84ºC por 92 minutos, na presença de 2% de ácido cítrico, obteve boa aceitação por parte dos provadores, alcançando escores médios acima de 7,0, diferindo da geleia produzida com pectina cítrica comercial apenas na aparência. Conclui-se que é viável utilizar a pectina da casca de pequi como ingrediente para formulação de geleia light de manga.

Among the fruits of the Cerrado stands 'Pequi'(Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), which consists of approximately 80% of peel, but is ignored, however has potential for use in various applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of variables citric acid concentration, temperature and extraction time on yield and esterification degree of pectin extracted from the pequi peel, and compares it with commercial citrus pectin applied in the light formulation jam. It was obtained yields of pectin from 14.89 and 55.86 g.100g-1. Pectin derived from peel pequi was characterized by having a low esterification degree (11.79 to 48.07%). The light jam made from the pectin extracted from the "pequi" peel at the temperature of 84 °C for 92 minutes in the presence of 2% citric acid, obtained good acceptance by the tasters, reaching mean scores above7.0, differing from jam produced with commercial citrus pectin in appearance only. It follows that it is possible to use the pectin from pequi peel as an ingredient for formulation of mango light jam.

O arroz é o segundo cereal de maior consumo no mundo, sendo a produção mundial estimada em 661,3 milhões de toneladas, em 2008. O farelo, resultante do beneficiamento do grão, para obtenção do arroz polido ou parboilizado polido, possui quantidades significativas de carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, fibras insolúveis, vitaminas e minerais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar algumas características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do farelo de arroz cru (FAC), do farelo cru submetido à extrusão (FAE) e do obtido após o processo de parboilização do arroz (FAP). Todas as análises foram realizadas conforme métodos recomendados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Brasileira e International Association of Official Analytical Chemists. O FAP apresentou maior teor de proteínas (17,17 g 100 g-1), lipídios (36,03 g 100 g-1), fibra alimentar (34,06 g 100 g-1), cálcio (99,45 mg 100 g-1), zinco (15,58 mg 100 g-1), cobre (1,45 g 100 g-1) e manganês (17,81 g 100 g-1) e menor teor de carboidratos (5,73 g 100 g-1), cinzas (7,01 g 100 g-1), potássio (507,55 mg 100 g-1) e ferro (6,83 mg 100 g-1). Em todos os farelos, foi detectada presença de Aspergillus sp., sendo que o FAE apresentou o menor número de colônias. Todos os farelos apresentaram padrões microbiológicos aceitáveis, para coliformes a 45ºC e Bacillus cereus, e ausência de Salmonela sp., conforme legislação brasileira. FAC, FAE e FAP possuem alto valor nutritivo, sendo fontes de proteínas, lipídios, fibra alimentar e minerais.

Rice is the second most consumed cereal in the world, having reached a global production of 661.3 millions of tons, in 2008. Rice bran, resulted from grain milling to obtain white rice or polished parboiled rice, has significant amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, soluble fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This study had the objective of evaluating some physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of raw rice bran (RRB), extruded rice bran (ERB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB). All the analyses were done according to standardized methods recommended by the Brazilian National Health Vigilance and International Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The PRB presented the highest contents of protein (17.17 g 100 g-1), lipids (36.03 g 100 g-1), dietary fiber (34.06 g 100 g-1), calcium (99.45 mg 100 g-1), zinc (15.58 mg 100 g-1), cupper (1.45 g 100 g-1), and manganese (17.81 g 100 g-1), and the lowest levels of carbohydrate (5.73 g 100 g-1), ash (7.01 g 100 g-1), potassium (507.55 mg 100 g-1), and iron (6.83 mg 100 g-1). All the rice bran samples showed Aspergillus sp. contamination, but ERB had the lowest colonies counting. All samples showed acceptable microbiological patterns for coliforms at 45ºC and Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella sp. absence, according to the Brazilian legislation. The RRB, ERB, and PRB have high nutritive value, being considered good sources of proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and minerals.