ABSTRACT Breast sebaceous carcinoma is one of the rarest breast neoplasms, with less than 30 cases reported worldwide. Due to the rarity, the new WHO classification of breast tumors grouped these tumors among the ductal carcinoma. A detailed description of these cases is relevant due to the insufficient knowledge about the prognosis of this neoplasm. We report the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the breast in an 81-year-old woman with a right breast nodule. The tumor was composed of nests of a varying mixture of sebaceous cells with abundant slightly vacuolated cytoplasm, surrounded by smaller oval-to-fusiform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm without vacuolization. No lymph node metastases were present. The immunohistochemical reactions were positive for GATA3, EMA, CD15, and GCDFP15 (focal staining), and negative for RE, RP, and HER-2. The tumor was classified as triple-negative. Morphologically, the differential diagnoses included skin sebaceous carcinoma, lipid-rich carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, and glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma. Most of the previously reported cases were positive for RE and RP, which generally was associated with a better prognosis. However, some cases presented a more aggressive behavior with distant and lymph node metastases.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infection of the mucous membrane and is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic mesomycetozoan. The mode of infection is probably transepithelial penetration. The large number of rivers and lakes and the strong presence of riparian populations in the State of Maranhão are strong predisposing factors for rhinosporidiosis. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary medical center situated in Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Twenty-five Maranhense patients diagnosed with rhinosporidiosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Most of the patients were children, adolescents and young adults (age range: 7-24 years, mean age: 14 years). The majority of the participants were male (84%), brown (76%), and students (92%). All lesions involved the entire nasal cavity and presented with a vascular polypoid mass. All patients were treated by surgical excision of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Rhinosporidiosis affects younger age groups, especially students from the countryside and the outskirts of urban areas. This study will aid and guide physicians in diagnosing and treating this infection in endemic areas.

Este estudo analisou a expressão imuno-histoquímica de E-caderina e CD44v6 em 15 carcinomas de células escamosas (CCEs) de lábio inferior e em 15 CCEs de língua, com o intuito de identificar possíveis associações entre a expressão destas proteínas e a localização anatômica da lesão, ocorrência de metástase nodal e gradação histológica de malignidade. Foram avaliados o padrão de expressão e o número de células imunopositivas. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste exato de Fisher, teste de Mann-Withney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (r), utilizando o software SPSS 10.0 para Windows. Para todos os testes, a significância estatística foi determinada em 5%, para um valor de p<0,05. Os resultados revelaram não haver diferença significativa no padrão de expressão e na quantidade de células imunopositivas para E-caderina e CD44v6 em relação à localização anatômica e metástase nodal (p>0,05). Para a gradação histológica de malignidade, os CCEs de baixo escore revelaram maior imunopositividade para E-caderina e CD44v6, tanto para o padrão de expressão quanto para o número de células imunopositivas (p<0,05). Observou-se correlação negativa entre o escore total de malignidade e o padrão de expressão e a quantidade de células imunopositivas para E-caderina e CD44v6 (p<0,05). Em conclusão, CCEs de lábio inferior e língua não revelaram diferenças significativas na expressão de E-caderina e CD44v6. A expressão destas moléculas de adesão revelou associação apenas com gradação histológica de malignidade dos CCEs. Dessa forma, os resultados sugerem que E-caderina e CD44v6 podem não ser capazes de elucidar as diferenças existentes no comportamento biológico de CCEs de lábio inferior e língua.

This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and CD44v6 in 15 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of lower lip and 15 SCCs of tongue in order to verify a possible association between these proteins and the anatomic location of the lesion, nodal metastasis and histological grading of malignancy. The pattern of expression and number of immunopositive cells were evaluated. The results were analyzed with the Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (r). using the SPSS software 10.0 for Windows. Statistical significance was set at 5% determined for a p-value<0.05 for all tests. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the pattern of expression and number of immunopositive cells for E-cadherin and CD44v6, regarding the anatomical location and nodal metastasis. For the histological grading, low score SCCs showed higher immunopositivity for E-cadherin and CD44v6, both for the pattern of expression and number of immunopositive cells (p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the total score of malignancy and the pattern of expression and number of immunopositive cells for E-cadherin and CD44v6 (p<0.05). In conclusion, SCCs of the lower lip and tongue did not reveal significant differences in the expression of E-cadherin and CD44v6. The expression of these adhesion molecules revealed association only with tumor histological grading of malignancy. Therefore, these results suggest that E-cadherin and CD44v6 may not help elucidating the differences between the biological behavior of SCCs of the lower lip and tongue.

Com o objetivo de verificar o comportamento clínico-epidemiológico da cromoblastomicose no Estado do Maranhão, foi feito um estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo de 13 casos, no serviço de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital dos Servidores do Estado do Maranhão no período de nov/88 a julho/91. Para a investigação, foi utilizada uma ficha protocolo com todos os dados necessários para uma análise posterior. Nos casos analisados observou-se maior prevalência na faixa etária entre 50 e 60 anos (46,1%) e do sexo masculino (84,6%). Doze pacientes eram procedentes do Estado do Maranhão, dentre os quais 10 da microrregião da baixada ocidental maranhense. Quanto à profissão, 12 (92,3%) eram lavradores. Na sua maioria apresentavam as lesões nos membros inferiores deforma verrugo- confluentes, cor acastanhada, com prurido. O tempo de evolução variou de 0 a 15 anos em 12 casos (92,3%). Quanto aos aspectos laboratoriais, o exame histológico feito em 12 pacientes, diagnosticando cromoblastomicose em 100% deles e a cultura isolou Fonsecaea pedrosoi em 9 casos (70%). O tratamento realizado em todos os pacientes, com algumas variações foi feito com 5 - fluorocitosina apresentando bons resultados evolutivamente. Constatou-se neste trabalho uma provável zona endêmica de cromoblastomicose na microrregião da baixada ocidental maranhense, até agora desconhecida.

The aim of this study was to observe the clinical and of epidemiological behavior of chromoblastomycosis in the State of Maranhão. A retrospective and prospective study ofl 3 cases was performed at the infectious diseases section of the Hospital dos Servidores do Estado do Maranhão, from November, 1988 to July, 1991. In the investigation a protocol record was used with a view to further analysis. A higher prevalence betweem 50 and 60 years of age (46.1%) and in male patients (92.3%) was noted. Twelve patients (92.3%) were from Maranhão State, and 10 of them (76.9%) came from the Western Microregion of the State of Maranhão. Regarding occupation, 92.3 % were landworkers, and most of them presented the lesions on the lower limbs (84.6%) of a vegetant warty aspect, brown in color with itching. Histopathological exammination diagnosed chromomycosis in 100% of the cases. Culture was performed in 11 cases, and Fonsecaea pedrosoi isolated in 9 of them. Treatment with 5-fluorocytosine resulted in a good evolutive response. This study indicates the existence of a probable endemic area of chromomycosis in hinterland of Maranhão (Western Microregion) that hither to unknown.