ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the psychiatric alterations resulting from deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the management of Parkinson’s disease. Methods Articles were searched using three databases: Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library. Results Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Manic syndrome alone was reported in two of the 11 studies analyzed. Psychosis alone was not reported in any of them, but it was found in association with other psychiatric alterations in two studies, not including manic syndrome. In one case report, hypersexuality was associated with depression and self-alienation. Depressive disorder was the most frequent psychiatric disorder after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, according to five of the reviewed articles, encompassing 26 patients. In four of these articles, depression was associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypersexuality, and anxiety. Hypomanic syndrome was reported in two cases. Conclusion More common psychiatric disorders related to the neuroanatomy of the nucleus were observed, probably because of the microlesions caused by the implantation of deep brain stimulation and the regulation of the stimulation of the device. The most common disorders include depression, mania/hypomania, psychosis, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and hypersexuality. Parkinsons Parkinson s disease databases PublicPublisher Public Publisher MEDLINE Library analysis 1 analyzed them report selfalienation. selfalienation self alienation. alienation self-alienation articles 2 patients psychosis ideation anxiety cases observed device maniahypomania mania hypomania mania/hypomania

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O uso de opioides em dor oncológica já é amplamente difundido e comprovado por diversos ensaios clínicos bem controlados. Entretanto, os idosos com dor oncológica são subtratados pela falta de conhecimento no manejo, a não valorização álgica nesses pacientes, bem como o receio das complicações advindas nesse grupo etário. Portanto, contribui a comunidade científica, dando substrato para a elaboração de possíveis diretrizes clínicas e de saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o tratamento farmacológico com opioides proposto para dor oncológica em pacientes idosos. CONTEÚDO: A busca na literatura incluiu artigos sobre o uso de opioides para o tratamento da dor oncológica em idosos, publicados entre 2008 e 2018, disponíveis em português ou inglês. Foram conduzidas buscas nas bases eletrônicas de dados Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) utilizando os descritores “dor oncológica”,“opioides” e “idoso” em ambas as línguas, combinados com o operador booleano “AND”. Para a análise da qualidade metodológica, foi utilizado o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme adaptado. Do total de 411 estudos resultantes, foram incluídos 32. Cerca de 75% dos artigos selecionados foram publicados nos últimos cinco anos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que os opioides continuam sendo o pilar no tratamento da dor oncológica em idosos. Podem ser usados para o melhor gerenciamento da dor, mas com cautela por causa dos possíveis efeitos adversos. Além disso, o manejo da dor em idosos requer uma análise multifatorial incluindo as comorbidades, a polifarmácia e a funcionalidade do paciente. Portanto, é necessário tratar de modo individualizado o paciente idoso com o intuito de maximizar os resultados, diminuir os efeitos adversos e melhorar a qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of opioids in cancer is already widespread and proven by several well-controlled clinical trials. However, the elderly with cancer pain are=un-dertreated due to the lack of knowledge in the management of these patients, the underestimation of pain, as well as the fear of complications arising in this age group. Therefore, the scientific community contributes to giving inputs to create possible clinical and health guidelines. The present study aimed to perform a systematic literature review of opioid treatments proposed for cancer-related pain in elderly patients. CONTENTS: The search on the literature included papers addressing cancer pain treatment with opioids among the elderly, published from 2008 to 2018, and available in Portuguese or English. Searches were conducted on Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) electronic databases using the keywords “cancer pain”, “opioids”, and “elderly” in both languages, combined with the Boolean operator “AND”. To analyze the quality of the method, the adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used. Of a total of 411 studies found, 32 were included. About 75% of the selected articles were published in the last five years. CONCLUSION: The results showed that opioids remain the pillar to treat cancer-related pain in the elderly. They can be used for better management of pain, but with caution due to the possible adverse effects. In addition, pain management in the elderly requires a multifactorial analysis, including comorbidities, polypharmacy, and patient functionality. Therefore, an individualized approach in the elderly patient is required in order to enhance results, reduce side effects, and improve quality of life.

Resumo Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tratamento farmacológico da dor crônica não oncológica em idosos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca na literatura incluiu artigos sobre o tratamento farmacológico da dor crônica em idosos, publicados entre 2007 e 2017, disponíveis na íntegra nas línguas portuguesa ou inglesa. Realizou-se a busca dos artigos nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE utilizando os descritores “dor crônica”, “tratamento” e “idoso”, combinados com o operador booleano AND. Para análise da qualidade metodológica, o instrumento utilizado foi o Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP). Resultados: Do total de 303 estudos que resultaram da busca, foram incluídos 32 artigos na amostragem final. Foram selecionados: 20 artigos de revisão, cinco estudos observacionais, cinco ensaios clínicos, um série de casos e um estudo retrospectivo; 75% dos artigos foram publicados nos últimos cinco anos, sendo um em português e o restante em inglês. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram variadas opções de tratamento da dor crônica na população idosa, destacando o papel dos opioides, que podem vir a ser usados, com cautela, no tratamento. Chama-se atenção também ao fato de que diversas drogas não foram testadas especificamente na população idosa. Além disso, o manejo da dor no idoso requer atenção a diversos fatores, entre eles as comorbidades, polifarmácia e funcionalidade do paciente. Assim, deve ser feita uma abordagem individualizada do paciente idoso, a fim de melhorar os resultados e diminuir efeitos colaterais.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform an integrative review of proposed pharmacological treatments for chronic non-malignant pain in elderly patients. Method: An integrative review was carried out. The search of literature included papers about the treatment of chronic pain among the elderly, published from 2007 to 2017 and available in Portuguese or English. Searches were conducted on the LILACS and MEDLINE electronic databases using the key words “chronic pain”, “treatment” and “elderly” combined with the Boolean operator “AND”. To analyse methodological quality, the adapted Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) was used. Results: Of a total of 303 studies found, 32 were included. The articles selected included 20 reviews, five observational studies, five clinical trials, one case series and one retrospective study. A total of 75% of the articles were published in the last five years, of which one was in Portuguese and 31 in English. Conclusion :The results demonstrate a variety of treatments for chronic pain among the elderly population, highlighting the role of opioids which, according to more recent evidence, can be carefully used in treatment. Several drugs, however, have not been specifically tested for the elderly population. A number of factors are relevant in pain management of elderly patients, including comorbidities, polypharmacy and patient functionality. An individualized approach should be applied to elderly patients to improve outcomes and reduce side effects.