RESUMO O sarcoma granulocítico, também chamado de sarcoma mieloide, é um tumor extramedular de células granulocíticas ¡maturas. É uma entidade rara, e principalmente acompanhada de leucemia mieloide aguda. É observado durante o transtorno mieloproliferativo, especialmente na leucemia mieloide crónica e síndromes mielodisplásicas. Aqui, relatamos um caso de um homem de 60 anos com antecedente de mielofibrose admitida na sala de emergência devido a lesões ulceronecróticas, febre e disfagia. Enfatizamos a importância de reconhecer essa entidade e sua gravidade.

SUMMARY Granulocytic sarcoma also called myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumour of immature granulocytic cells. It is a rare entity, and mostly accompanied by acute myeloid leukaemia. It is observed during the course of myeloproliferative disorders especially in chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male with past history of myelofibrosis admitted to the emergency room due ulceronecrotic lesions, fever and dysphagia. We emphasize the importance of recognizing this entity and its severity.

Resumo Embora alguns estudos anatômicos tenham sido produzidos para Angraecinae, o conhecimento sobre a anatomia do gênero Campylocentrum ainda é incipiente. O objetivo desse estudo é caracterizar anatomicamente a estrutura dos diferentes tipos de raízes do gênero. Raízes de 12 espécies foram analisadas, incluindo toda a variação morfológica do gênero (superfície granulosa e lisa). As raízes das espécies áfilas são caracterizadas pelas paredes das células do endovelame, exoderme e endoderme mais espessadas que aquelas das espécies foliosas. As espécies com folhas cilíndricas podem ser separadas em dois grupos: um constituído somente por C. poeppigii, que possui raízes com superfície granulosa produzida por numerosos pelos radiculares unicelulares; e um segundo grupo formado por seis espécies da floresta Atlântica, onde a mesma aparência granulosa das raízes é produzida por tufos de epivelame, além da presença de pelos radiculares unicelulares. As outras espécies do gênero, com folhas conduplicadas, não apresentam um padrão para agrupamento. Algumas delas, como C. serranum e C. micranthum, compartilham uma estrutura similar a das espécies áfilas, mas com paredes das células da exoderme e endoderme mais finas. Outras espécies, como C. crassirhizum e C. jamaicense, são as únicas no gênero com células da exoderme espessadas em ○.

Abstract Although some anatomical studies have been performed in Angraecinae, knowledge about the anatomy of the genus Campylocentrum is as yet incipient. The aim of this study is to anatomically characterize the structure of the different kinds of roots in the genus. Roots from 12 species were analyzed, including all the morphological variation in the genus (smooth and granulose surface). The leafless species are characterized by endovelamen, exodermal and endodermal cell walls thicker than in the leafy species. The species with terete leaves can be split in two groups: one constituting C. poeppigii, whose roots have a granulose surface produced by numerous unicellular, absorbent hairs; the second formed by six species from the Atlantic Forest. In this second group, the same granulose root appearance is produced by tufts of epivelamen in addition to the unicellular, absorbent root hairs. The other species in the genus, with conduplicate leaves, do not present a pattern for grouping. Some of them, such as C. serranum and C. micranthum, share a similar structure with the leafless species, but with thinner exodermal and endodermal cell walls. Other species, such as C. crassirhizum and C. jamaicense, are the only ones in the genus with ○-thickened cells in the exodermis.

Abstract The release of industrial effluents into the environment causes widespread contamination of aquatic systems. Adsorption is seen as one of the most promising treatment processes, and lignocellulosic materials have gained prominence as adsorbents. This study investigates the potential of rice hulls, either in natura or treated with nitric acid, as adsorbents for removal of the dye. The adsorbents were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, solid state 13C-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, and pH at point of zero charge. The dye adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode, using different experimental conditions. The kinetic adsorption data could be fitted using the model of Elovich. The Freundlich model provided the best fit to the isothermal data. The thermodynamic parameters confirmed the spontaneity of the adsorption process. These adsorbents offer an alternative for dye removal, with advantages including biomass availability and low cost.

Clays such as smectite have high technical and economic viability due to their large adsorption capacity. These properties can be improved by treatment with acids or other modifications. This paper describes experiments to prepare and characterize organoclays and to evaluate their ability to remove oil from contaminated water in comparison with clay in its natural state. We used natural smectite clay from the municipality of Presidente Dutra, Maranhão State, modified with the quaternary ammonium salt cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetry and determination of surface area by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The results showed appropriate conditions of the organophilization process, indicating the intercalation of quaternary ammonium cations between the clay layers. The adsorption tests showed that the natural clay reduced the amount of oil contained in the aqueous medium by 76.16%, while the corresponding removal rates of all organoclays tested were above 92%, which makes them potentially applicable to remove oil from wastewaters.

ABSTRACT The adsorption of Violet Remazol 5R (VR 5) on wood sawdust modified with succinic anhydride (SSA) as a function of contact time, pH, and initial dye concentrations was investigated using a batch technique under ambient conditions. The SSA obtained was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and 13C NMR, and degrees of substitution (DS) were calculated. A study on the effect of the pH on the adsorption of VR 5 showed that the optimum pH was 2.0. The interactions were assayed with respect to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order. The isotherm was adjusted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin sorption models. SSA is a promising material for the removal of dye textile from aqueous solutions, and under conditions studied the removal percentage achieved was 51.7%.

Resumo: Em razão da importância da formação continuada de professores para as políticas educacionais e das diferenças e desigualdades existentes entre os municípios, discute-se aqui o viés centralista que utiliza o controle avaliativo para implementar o regime de colaboração nas políticas educacionais. A partir da reforma gerencial do Estado da década de 1990, busca-se explicitar, pela análise das orientações gerais e dos aspectos específicos desta temática, a forma de desenvolvimento da política de formação continuada de professores. No contexto da realidade concreta, observa-se um processo de reconfiguração entre descentralização e concentração, provocada pelo redimensionamento das relações entre Estado e sociedade em um movimento de desconcentração.

Abstract Taking into consideration the importance of continuing teacher education for the educational policies and the differences and inequalities between municipalities, the aim of this text is to discuss the centrist bias using the evaluative control to implement the regime of collaboration in educational policies. Based on the managerial state reform of the 1990s, and by analysing the general guidelines and the specific aspects of this theme, we search to clarify the way the continuing teacher education policy has been developed. In the context of concrete reality, there has been a reconfiguration process between decentralization and concentration caused by the resizing of relations between the State and society in a de-concentration movement.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos de um modelo experimental de eletrocautério em provocar lesão venosa térmica endovascular. MÉTODOS: O eletrocautério endovascular foi colocado dentro de oito modelos experimentais de veia safena bovina. Cada uma foi dividida em oito segmentos e intensidades progressivas de energia elétrica liberada. Os efeitos macroscópicos e microscópicos foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados quarenta segmentos de veia safena bovina. Quanto maior a energia elétrica aplicada pelo eletrocauterizador endovascular maiores foram as alteraçoes de picnose nuclear e mais intensa a retração citoplasmática observada. CONCLUSÃO: O eletrocautério endovascular experimental demonstrou ser capaz de induzir a destruição da camada íntima e provocar lesão térmica endovascular.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a new electrocautery device to provoke endovascular venous thermal injury. METHODS: An experimental endovascular electrocautery was placed inside eight ex-vivo bovine saphenous veins models. Each one was divided in eight segments and progressive intensities of electric energy liberated. The macroscopic and microscopic effects were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty bovine saphenous veins segments were studied. The higher the electric energy applied the greater the nuclear picnosis and more intense the cytoplasmatic shrinkage and electrocoagulation effects. CONCLUSION: The experimental endovascular electrocautery device demonstrated to be both capable of inducing the destruction of the intimal layers of the studied vein model and provoke endovascular thermal injury.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the pulsatility of human aneurysms before and after complete exclusion with an endograft. METHOD: Five aortic aneurysms obtained during necropsy were submitted to pulsatile perfusion before and after implantation of a bifurcated endograft. The specimens were contained in a closed chamber filled with saline solution. A vertical tube attached to the chamber was used to measure volume dislocation in each systole. Mural thrombus was kept intact, and the space around the device was filled with human blood. After each experiment, the aneurysm was opened to check for the correct positioning and attachment of the device. RESULTS: The level of the saline column oscillated during pulsation in each case, with respective amplitudes of 17, 16, 13, 7, and 25 cm before the endograft insertion. After the insertion, the amplitudes dropped to 13, 12, 9, 3.5, and 23 cm, respectively. The differences were not significant. During the post-experimental examination, all devices were found to be in position and well attached to the neck and iliacs. No endoleak was detected during perfusion or by visual inspection. CONCLUSION: Pulsation of an endograft is transmitted to the aneurysm wall even in the absence of endoleak, and should not be interpreted as procedural failure.

A obesidade e o excesso de peso são factores de risco para o surgimento prematuro de doenças cardiovasculares. Na população deficiente mental com síndrome de Down constata-se uma prevalência de obesidade superior à população em geral. Este estudo procurou caracterizar uma amostra de indivíduos da população portuguesa portadora de Síndrome de Down, quanto à composição corporal, segundo o género e a idade. A amostra foi constituída por 104 indivíduos com síndrome de Down com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 47 anos. Os sujeitos foram divididos em 4 grupos por género e faixa etária: G1: 30 mulheres com idade ≤ 29 anos; G2: 20 mulheres com idade ≥30 anos; G3: 34 homens com idade ≤ 29 anos; G4: 20 homens com idade ≥30 anos. As medições antropométricas incidiram sobre o peso, a estatura e as pregas de adiposidade subcutânea bicipital, tricipital, subescapular, abdominal, suprailíaca, crural e geminal. Pelo índice de massa corporal, a prevalência de excesso de peso e de obesidade foi de 68,5% nos homens e de 82,3% nas mulheres. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas relativamente ao IMC entre as diferentes faixas etárias e géneros. Segundo o IMC, 54,3% dos indivíduos foram classificados como obesos (62,7% das mulheres e 46,3% dos homens). O grupo das mulheres mais velhas (30-47 anos) foi o que apresentou uma maior prevalência de obesidade (75%). Apenas o grupo dos homens mais jovens (18-29 anos) apresentou uma prevalência de obesidade inferior a 50%. As mulheres de ambos os grupos etários apresentaram valores médios de gordura corporal significativamente mais elevados do que os homens. Verificou-se ainda que os homens eram corporalmente mais densos e possuíam maior quantidade de tecido isento de gordura, particularmente os mais jovens. Com base nos valores percentuais de gordura corporal, os homens foram classificados no nível «moderadamente alto», enquanto que as mulheres no nível «alto», o que eleva o risco de surgimento prematuro de doenças associadas à formação exagerada de tecido adiposo.

Overweight and obesity are risk factors to the premature appearance of cardiovascular diseases. In mental handicapped population with Down syndrome we see a higher prevalence of obesity than in the general population. The present study intended to characterize the body composition of a sample of the Down syndrome adult Portuguese population, according to age and gender. The sample comprised 104 subjects with Down syndrome with ages ranging from 18 to 47 years old. The subjects were divided by gender and age into 4 groups: G1: 30 females =29 years; G2: 20 females =30 years; G3: 34 males =29 years; G4: 20 males =30 years. The anthropometric measures were height and body weight, and biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and calf skinfolds. Using the body mass index (BMI), we observed a prevalence of overweight and obesity in 68.5% of males and 82,3% of females. We did not find statistically significant differences between ages and gender in relation to BMI. According to this indicator, 54.3% of the sample was classified as obese (62.7% females and 46.3% males). The oldest female group (30-47 years) presented the highest prevalence of obesity (75%). Only the youngest male group (18-29 years) presented a prevalence of obesity lower than 50%. Comparatively to males, females of both groups presented higher values of adiposity. Males had higher body density and higher amount of fat-free mass. According to the percentage of fat mass, males were on the moderate-high level of adiposity, while the females were on the high level of adiposity, which increases the risk of premature appearance of diseases related to body fat excess.

Foram estudados 259 casos de donovanose registrados no Serviço de Dermatologia do Departamento de Medicina Tropical/UFPA entre 1954-1990. Observa-se que no período 1954-1974 existiam nos arquivos apenas 56 prontuários da doença, enquanto que no último quinquénio estudado (1986-1990) foram identificados 133 casos. Para os autores esse crescimento está ligado a excessiva liberalidade sexual, ao homossexualismo e as precárias condições sócio-econômicas, acentuada nos últimos tempos.

From 1954 to 1990 granuloma inguinale was diagnosed in 259 patients al the dermatology service of the Universidade Federal do Pará in Belém, Brazil. Among them, 56 cases had ocurred in the twenty-year period 1954-1974 and as many as 133 cases were seen during the last five years only. Greater sexual liberty, poor social and economic conditions, and especially increasing homosexual behavior were implicated by the authors as chief determinants for this augmented incidence of the disease.

O A. apresenta um estudo das formas anômalas da leishmaniose tegumentar, detalhando particularmente a forma disseminada da doença, para a qual propõe a denominação de leishmaniose anérgica hansenóide.

The A. presents several anomalous forms of tegumentar leishmaniasis, with particular attention to the diffuse cutaneous form, that he prefers to be referred as Hansenoid anergic leishmaniasis.

O A. estuda a Micose de Lobo, acentuando as características especiais. Trata-se de uma doença própria da região amazônica. Discute os aspectos clínicos, discordando da designação de blastomicose queloídiara, usada freqüetemente, pois em sita vasta casuística no Departamento de Dermatologia do Centro Bío Medico da Universidade Federal do Pará foi possível distinguir 5 formas clinicas da doença: infiltrativa (forma inicial), queloidiforme (tipo mais frequente), gomosa, ulcerada, verruciforme. Propõe por isto uma classificação clínica da Micose.

The author studies Jorge Lobo's mycosis, considering the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease. In the author's opinion, the dizeace must not be called chelcidal blastomycosis as, in his experience, five clinical forms can be detected: infiltrative, chelcidjorm, gomous, ulcerative and verrucous.