Abstract: The voucher is a governance system, initially developed in Bonito (MS) and subsequently replicated in several Brazilian destinations, to ensure the quality of the tourist experience, business profitability and environmental conservation. This study aimed to understand the functioning of the digital voucher (DV) in Barreirinhas (MA) - the main access destination to the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (PNLM) - based on the changes implemented after its experience with the single voucher. In addition, possible improvements for the DV were proposed. Methodologically, this is a qualitative, exploratory and cross-sectional research with nine tourism social actors linked to public and private powers, and/or class associations. A semi-structured script was used for data collection, which guided the in-depth interviews conducted between August 2020 and February 2021. Subsequently, the Content Analysis technique was used. The results indicate that, in the operation of the DV, visitors have autonomy in choosing the agencies that offer the tours. The agencies are responsible for issuing the DV and collecting customer data, a fact that requires investment in technology and manpower. The municipality, through the DV, ensures the collection and is responsible for access control to the PNLM, and for the management/cost of the DV. To increase the DV, it is suggested to implement new functionalities and promote changes in local governance. It is concluded that the DV, although presenting problems that require solutions, contributes effectively to tourism governance by generating data that help in the planning/management of the destination, by stimulating the formalization of businesses, and by giving back the leading role to the agencies in the management of trips to the PNLM.

Resumen: El voucher es un sistema de gobernanza, desarrollado inicialmente en Bonito (MS) y, posteriormente, replicado en varios destinos brasileños, para garantizar la calidad de la experiencia turística, la rentabilidad de las empresas y la conservación del medio ambiente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el funcionamiento del voucher digital (VD) en Barreirinhas (MA) - principal destino de acceso al Parque Nacional de Lençóis Maranhenses (PNLM) - a partir de los cambios implementados tras su experiencia con el voucher único. Además, se plantearon posibles mejoras para el VD. Metodológicamente, se trata de una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y transversal con nueve actores sociales del turismo vinculados a los poderes público y privado, y/o asociaciones de clase. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un guión semiestructurado, que guió las entrevistas en profundidad realizadas entre agosto de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Posteriormente, se empleó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Los resultados indican que, en la operación del VD, los visitantes tienen autonomía para elegir las agencias que ofrecen los tours. Las agencias son responsables de la emisión del VD y de la recogida de datos de los clientes, hecho que requiere inversión en tecnología y mano de obra. El ayuntamiento, a través del VD, asegura la recaudación y es responsable del control de acceso al PNLM, y de la gestión/coste del VD. Para aumentar el VD, se sugiere implementar nuevas funcionalidades y promover cambios en la gobernanza local. Se concluye que el VD, aunque presente problemas que exigen soluciones, contribuye, efectivamente, con la gobernanza turística al generar datos que ayudan en la planificación/gestión del destino, al estimular la formalización de empresas y al devolver el protagonismo a las agencias en la conducción de los viajes al PNLM.

Resumo: O voucher constitui um sistema de governança, inicialmente, desenvolvido em Bonito (MS) e, a posteriori, replicado em diversos destinos brasileiros, por assegurar a qualidade da experiência do turista, lucratividade às empresas e conservação ambiental. Este estudo objetivou compreender o funcionamento do voucher digital (VD) em Barreirinhas (MA) - principal destino de acesso ao Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses (PNLM) - a partir das mudanças implementadas após sua experiência com o voucher único. Adicionalmente, foram levantados potenciais melhorias para o VD. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, exploratória e de caráter transversal, junto a nove atores sociais do turismo ligados aos poderes público e privado, e/ou associações de classe. A coleta de dados lançou mão de um roteiro semiestruturado, o qual norteou entrevistas em profundidade, realizadas entre agosto de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. Posteriormente, empregou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que, no funcionamento do VD, os visitantes têm autonomia na escolha das agências que ofertam os passeios. As agências se responsabilizam pela emissão do VD e coleta de dados dos clientes, fato que exige investimentos em tecnologias e mão de obra. A municipalidade, por meio do VD, assegura a arrecadação e responde pelo controle dos acessos ao PNLM, e pelo gerenciamento/custeio do VD. Para o incremento do VD, sugere-se implementar novas funcionalidades e promover mudanças na governança local. Conclui-se que o VD, embora apresente problemas que demandam soluções, contribui, efetivamente, com a governança do turismo ao gerar dados que auxiliem no planejamento/gestão do destino, ao estimular a formalização de empresas e devolver o protagonismo às agências na condução dos passeios ao PNLM.

ABSTRACT: Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly reported in soils and plants that occupy various ecological habitats, and the main source of contamination for cattle is silage. This report described a case of fetal loss associated with B. cereus infection in a cow. An 8-month-old, Nelore female bovine fetus from a beef farm was submitted for necropsy. A gross examination revealed fibrinous pleuropneumonia and fibrin exudation on the liver surface. The morphological diagnosis was restricted to the lungs and liver. In the lungs there was fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia associated with numerous aggregates of rod-shaped bacteria. In the liver there was moderate focally extensive fibrinous peri hepatitis.The lungs, liver, thoracic, and abomasal fluid cultures yielded pure cultures of B. cereus, indicating that these bacteria should be recognized as a cause of bovine abortion in fetuses that macroscopically present fibrin in the abdominal and thoracic cavity.

RESUMO: Bacillus cereus é uma bactéria Gram-positiva, comumente encontrada em solos e plantas que ocupam diversos habitats ecológicos sendo a silagem a principal fonte de contaminação para bovinos. Este relato descreve um caso de perda fetal associada à infecção por B. cereus em uma vaca. Um feto bovino fêmea da raça Nelore, de oito meses de idade, procedente de uma fazenda de corte, foi submetido à necropsia. Ao exame macroscópico observou-se pleuropneumonia fibrinosa e exsudação de fibrina na superfície do fígado. Histologicamente, as lesões estavam restritas aos pulmões e fígado. Nos pulmões havia pleuropneumonia fibrinosupurativa associado a numerosos agregados de bactérias em forma de bastonete. No fígado haviaperi hepatitefibrinosa focalmente extensa moderada. As culturas de pulmão, fígado, líquido torácico e abomasal produziram cultura pura de B. cereus indicando que esta bactéria deve ser reconhecida como causa de aborto bovino em fetos que apresentem macroscopicamente fibrina nas cavidades abdominal e torácica.

Resumen: En la postdictadura se debió enfrentar a desafíos complejos, gobernar la democracia en coincidencia con miembros de la recién terminada Dictadura era un problema difícil de sortear. En este contexto, enfrentar el pasado reciente desde las narrativas oficiales requería de equilibrios frágiles. En este artículo analizamos de qué manera se configura el debate y desarrollo de la Historia publica sobre el golpe de Estado durante los primeros años del retorno a la democracia. Analizamos como los relatos del oficialismo, intelectuales de derecha e historiadores entran en la batalla por el pasado y proponen sus narrativas. Finalmente pudimos dar cuenta de la relevancia de la investigación histórica para combatir la distorsión del pasado, observando los riesgos que tiene el ceder los espacios discursivos públicos a individuos o grupos que buscan consolidar intereses a través de errores y desinformación sobre la Historia reciente chilena.

Abstract: In the post-dictatorship period, it had to face complex challenges. Governing democracy in coincidence with members of the recently ended dictatorship was a difficult problem to overcome. In this context, facing the recent past from the official narratives required fragile balances. In this article, we analyze how the debate and development of the public history of the coup d'état took shape during the first years of the return to democracy. We analyze how the official, right-wing intellectuals and historians enter the battle for the past and propose their narratives. Finally, we realized the relevance of historical research in fighting the distortion of the past, observing the risks of relinquishing public discursive spaces to individuals or groups that seek to consolidate interests through errors and misinformation about recent Chilean history.

RESUMO. A doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (DCJ) faz parte do grupo das encefalopatias espongiformes transmissíveis que levam a um quadro de demência rapidamente progressiva. A DCJ possui baixa prevalência, e a sobrevida média é de apenas um ano após o início dos sintomas. Diante de um paciente com demência rapidamente progressiva, associada a mioclonias, alterações visuais ou cerebelares, sinais piramidais ou extrapiramidais e mutismo acinético, a hipótese de DCJ deve ser levantada. Os achados clássicos na ressonância magnética são os hipersinais em núcleo caudado, putâmen e região cortical. A DCJ deve ser considerada como um diagnóstico diferencial de outros tipos de demência e não existe um tratamento eficaz para essa doença. Apresentamos neste artigo uma revisão da literatura baseada no relato de três casos da forma esporádica dessa doença.

ABSTRACT. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies that lead to rapidly progressive dementia. CJD has a low prevalence, and the average survival is only 1 year after the onset of symptoms. As the patients with CJD develop rapidly progressive dementia, associated with myoclonus, visual or cerebellar problems, pyramidal or extrapyramidal features, and akinetic mutism, the hypothesis of CJD must be raised. Classic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are hypersignals in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and cortical region. CJD must be considered a differential diagnosis of other types of dementia, and there is no effective treatment for this disease. In this article, we present a literature review based on the report of three cases of the sporadic form of this disease.

Abstract: Every year, new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures appear to deal with different problems in the activity of image and video recognition. These architectures usually work along the ImageNet dataset for looking for the best performance of the CNNs without taking into account the video task where they are used. This can represent a problem if the task is Human Action Recognition (HAR) in video, since the CNN architectures are pre-trained with an image dataset that can practically contain any object, while HAR problem requires consecutive frames of people doing actions. To prove the idea that using CNNs pre-trained on an image dataset does not always achieve the best performance on a video dataset and that, therefore, it is worth comparing the performance of different CNNs under similar circumstances for the HAR problem, this work proposes an analysis between eight different CNN architectures. Each one of the CNN was exclusively trained with RGB images, which were extracted from the frames of the different classes of videos of HMDB51 dataset. To make the classification of an activity in video, we average the predictions taking into account the successes. We also made some ensembles with the best performance CNNs to measure the improvement in accuracy. Our results suggest that Xception is a strong baseline model that could be used by the community to make their comparisons of their proposals more robust.

Resumen Los niños diagnosticados con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) experimentan múltiples dificultades durante el aprendizaje de la lectura, en especial con los componentes del lenguaje que permiten un buen desarrollo del proceso lector. En este sentido, el interés de este trabajo fue evaluar la sintaxis y la semántica como componentes del lenguaje fundamentales para la comprensión lectora. Se aplicó la batería PROLEC-R a 37 niños (entre 6 - 13 años) diagnosticados con TDAH y se analizaron los índices principales junto a los baremos para determinar en qué componente lingüístico se ubica la mayor complejidad. Los resultados sugieren que los niños tienen mayores dificultades en lo sintáctico, referido a estructurar oraciones y aplicar los signos de puntuación. Por lo tanto, si se refuerza el componente sintáctico los niños con TDAH, podrían mejorar en la comprensión lectora.

Abstract Children diagnosed with ADHD experience multiple difficulties in learning to read, especially with the language components that allow a good development of the reading process. In this sense, the interest of this work was to evaluate syntax and semantics as fundamental components of language for reading comprehension. The PROLEC-R battery was applied to 37 children between 6 and 13 years old diagnosed with ADHD, and the main indexes were analyzed together with the scales to determine in which linguistic component was the greater complexity located. The results suggest that children in the sample have greater difficulties in syntax, referring to sentence structure and punctuation. Therefore, if the syntactic component is reinforced, children with ADHD could probably improve their reading comprehension.

Abstract Background: obesity can influence vitamin D levels, which in turn might be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Objectives: this study assessed the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with overweight living in a region of northeastern Brazil. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out by non-probabilistic sampling in adolescents diagnosed with overweight or obesity. The subjects were divided according to their 25(OH) D status into two groups: sufficient vitamin D and hypovitaminosis D. Biodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and biochemical factors were evaluated. A logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of hypovitaminosis D. Results: we found a high frequency of hypovitaminosis D (45.6 %) in adolescents. Weekly sun exposure was negatively associated with hypovitaminosis D (OR = 0.96; 95 % CI: 0.92-0.99), while significant positive associations were observed between hypovitaminosis D and blood pressure above the 95th percentile (OR = 4.00; 95 % CI: 1.19-13.37), body weight (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.07), and fasting insulin (OR = 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.22). Conclusion: hypovitaminosis D showed a high prevalence in adolescents with overweight living in a sunny region of northeastern Brazil, and cardiometabolic risk factors such as systemic arterial hypertension, high body weight, and hyperinsulinemia are predictors of hypovitaminosis D.

Resumen Introducción: la obesidad puede influir en los niveles de vitamina D, lo que a su vez podría estar asociado con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivos: este estudio evaluó la asociación entre los niveles de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes con sobrepeso que viven en una región del noreste de Brasil. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal mediante muestreo no probabilístico con adolescentes diagnosticados de sobrepeso u obesidad. Los sujetos se dividieron según su estado de 25(OH) D en dos grupos: suficiente vitamina D e hipovitaminosis D. Se evaluaron factores biodemográficos, de estilo de vida, cardiometabólicos y bioquímicos. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar los predictores de la hipovitaminosis D. Resultados: encontramos una alta frecuencia de hipovitaminosis D (45,6 %) en los adolescentes. La exposición semanal al sol se asoció negativamente a la hipovitaminosis D (OR = 0,96; IC 95 %: 0,92-0,99), mientras que se observaron asociaciones positivas significativas entre hipovitaminosis D y presión arterial por encima del percentil 95 (OR = 4,00; IC 95 %: 1,19-13,37), peso corporal (OR = 1,04; IC del 95 %: 1,01-1,07) e insulina en ayunas (OR = 1,13; IC del 95 %: 1,05-1,22). Conclusión: la hipovitaminosis D mostró una alta prevalencia entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso que viven en una región soleada del noreste de Brasil, y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico, como hipertensión arterial sistémica, peso corporal elevado e hiperinsulinemia, son predictores de hipovitaminosis D.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de um antibiótico promotor de crescimento por óleos essenciais de erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare) e citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) na dieta de codornas sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Para isso, foram utilizadas 240 codornas europeias machos e fêmeas de um dia de idade distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e 12 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em: CP- Dieta sem os óleos essenciais de erva-doce ou citronela e com o promotor de crescimento (bacitracina de zinco); CN- Dieta sem os óleos essenciais e sem o promotor de crescimento; OC- Dieta com + 0,078% de óleo essencial de citronela sem o promotor de crescimento; OED- Dieta com + 0,078% de óleo essencial de erva-doce sem o promotor de crescimento. O experimento teve duração de 42 dias, no qual as variáveis de desempenho foram analisadas em três períodos (1-14 dias; 14-21 dias e 22-42 dias) e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes em dois períodos (aos 21 e 42 dias). Os dados observados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A presença dos óleos essenciais influenciou positivamente (P<0,05) as variáveis de desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes em todos os períodos analisados. A utilização de óleos essenciais de erva-doce e citronela em substituição a bacitracina de zinco na dieta de codornas europeias melhora o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of a growth-promoting antibiotic by fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oils in the quail diet on performance variables (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion), as well as the carcass and cut yield. To do so, 240 one-day-old male and female European quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, five replications and 12 animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of: PC – positive control diet without fennel or citronella essential oils and with the growth promoter (zinc bacitracin); NC – negative control diet without essential oils and without growth promoter; CEO - Diet with +0.078% citronella essential oil without the growth promoter; and FEO - Diet with +0.078% fennel essential oil without the growth promoter. The experiment lasted 42 days, in which the performance variables were analyzed in three periods (1-14 days; 14-21 days; and 22-42 days) and the carcass and cut yield in two periods (at 21 and 42 days). The observed data were submitted to analysis of variance and the comparison of means was performed using the Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The presence of essential oils positively influenced (P<0.05) the performance variables and the carcass and cuts yield in all analyzed periods. The use of fennel and citronella essential oils to replace zinc bacitracin in the diet of European quails improves performance and the carcass and cut yield.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid and/or L-arginine on the productive performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal morphological of weaned piglets. Sixty-four 28-day-old weaned piglets were distributed in four treatments: DC - control diet; DG - glutamine diet (1% L-glutamine + glutamic acid); DA - arginine diet (1% L-arginine); and DGA - glutamine + arginine diet (0.5% L-glutamine + glutamic acid and 0.5% L-arginine) with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The addition of 1% L-arginine to the piglet diet improved weight gain and feed conversion over 28 to 35 days of age. In the period of 28 to 49 days of age, supplementation with 1% L-glutamine + glutamic acid increased the animals’ weight gain and reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Supplementation with amino acids in combination had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the intestinal mucosa compared to the control diet. Supplementation with 1% L-glutamine + glutamic acid increased the number of anti-PCNA+ cells and goblet cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that supplementation with L-glutamine + glutamic acid and L-arginine can improve the productive performance and enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets.

RESUMO. A doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (DCJ) faz parte do grupo das encefalopatias espongiformes transmissíveis que levam a um quadro de demência rapidamente progressiva. A DCJ possui baixa prevalência, e a sobrevida média é de apenas um ano após o início dos sintomas. Diante de um paciente com demência rapidamente progressiva, associada a mioclonias, alterações visuais ou cerebelares, sinais piramidais ou extrapiramidais e mutismo acinético, a hipótese de DCJ deve ser levantada. Os achados clássicos na ressonância magnética são os hipersinais em núcleo caudado, putâmen e região cortical. A DCJ deve ser considerada como um diagnóstico diferencial de outros tipos de demência e não existe um tratamento eficaz para essa doença. Apresentamos neste artigo uma revisão da literatura baseada no relato de três casos da forma esporádica dessa doença.

ABSTRACT. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies that lead to rapidly progressive dementia. CJD has a low prevalence, and the average survival is only 1 year after the onset of symptoms. As the patients with CJD develop rapidly progressive dementia, associated with myoclonus, visual or cerebellar problems, pyramidal or extrapyramidal features, and akinetic mutism, the hypothesis of CJD must be raised. Classic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are hypersignals in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and cortical region. CJD must be considered a differential diagnosis of other types of dementia, and there is no effective treatment for this disease. In this article, we present a literature review based on the report of three cases of the sporadic form of this disease.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate whether replacing corn starch (CS) energy with isolated soy protein (ISP) and soybean oil (SO) and the ambient temperature affect the protein and energy requirements for maintenance and gain of European quail. Thus, a total of 432 European quail from 10 to 30 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design, were used to estimate the protein and energy requirements for maintenance through the comparative slaughter methodology. The treatments consisted of three diets formulated with the replacement of CS, corresponding to 15% of the metabolizable energy in the diet, with ISP and SO, two controlled temperatures (26 and 35 °C), and three levels of feed supply (ad libitum, and 70 and 40% of ad libitum intake), with four replicates of six birds. Protein and energy requirements for weight gain were determined from 160 European quail, slaughtered every five days at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days of age. Birds were housed in four groups of 40 birds in a room with thermoneutral temperature (26 °C). The energy sources of the feed and temperatures studied affected protein and energy requirements for maintenance and gain of European quail. Replacing CS energy by 15% of dietary energy with SO results in lower protein and energy maintenance requirements for European quail at both temperatures. The protein and energy weight gain requirements of quail fed SO as an energy source is higher than CS and ISP.

Radiossondas, também chamadas de sondas atmosféricas, são muito utilizadas para a aquisição de diversas variáveis atmosféricas com finalidades desde previsão de tempo e, também, em segurança aeronáutica. Estas, porém, tem um custo elevado de aquisição por serem importadas. Por isso, neste trabalho será exposto o resultado de um lançamento de uma sonda desenvolvida utilizando materiais de baixo custo com resultados muito interessantes. A telemetria utilizada (comunicação via Morse e SDR) permitiu à comunicação a longa distância. Além disso, este projeto teve por objetivo fazer com que os alunos se envolvessem nas diversas etapas do projeto, desde o planejamento, construção, lançamento, recuperação e análise de dados meteorológicos obtidos.

Atmospheric probes are widely used for the acquisition of various atmospheric variables with purposes from weather forecasting to aeronautical safety. These, however, have a high acquisition cost because they are imported. Therefore, in this work, the result of a launching of a probe developed using low-cost materials with very interesting results will be exposed. The telemetry technology used allowed for long-distance communication in a way. In addition, this project aimed to get students involved in the various stages of the project, from planning, construction, launch, recovery and analysis of meteorological data obtained.

Abstract This article identified the perceptions of coast-based accommodation facilities managers regarding single-use plastics (SUPs). The research was predominantly qualitative, exploratory, and transversal applied in 41 companies of 8 accommodation categories located in 11 beach destinations within 6 Brazilian states. As the data collection technique, a semi-structured script was applied, and for interpretation, content analysis. The results indicate that economic-driven decisions take precedence over environmental decisions, and there is not an existing common view around a direct relationship between plastic pollution and the reduction in tourist flows. All companies use SUPs, especially cups, bottles, and bags. Among strategies to manage their use and waste, actions of replacement, reduction, environmental education and staff training stand out. Reducing/replacing items such as packaging and amenities require changes in the industry and consumer’s consumption behaviour. The absence of plastic products alternatives while keeping quality and price, resistance from consumers and limited support from investors and leaders appear as obstacles to expanding and improving the management of SUPs. Conclusions indicate that the linear logic of continuous use and disposal prevails against the circular economy. Significant perception variations among the categories of accommodation companies were not noticed, as these are predominantly connected to their management. Finally, the context of the COVID-19 pandemic worsens the problem of plastic pollution, requiring greater attention to the topic.

Resumen En este trabajo se buscó identificar la percepción de los gerentes de empresas hoteleras de destinos costeros brasileños sobre los impactos de los plásticos de un solo uso (PDU). Esta es una investigación predominantemente cualitativa, exploratoria y transversal con 41 alojamientos turísticos de diferentes tipos ubicados en 11 ciudades costeras de 6 estados brasileños. Como técnica de recogida/análisis de datos se aplicó un guion semiestructurado y, para la interpretación de los datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que las decisiones económicas son prioritarias con relación a las ambientales, y que no se identifica una relación directa entre la contaminación plástica y la reducción de los flujos turísticos. Todas las empresas utilizan plásticos, especialmente vasos, botellas y bolsas. Las estrategias para la gestión de los PDU se refieren a su reducción/sustitución, acciones de educación ambiental y formación. Reducir/sustituir artículos como empaques y amenities requiere cambios en la industria y en el comportamiento de consumo de los clientes. La inexistencia de sustitutos a los PDU con calidad/precio, la resistencia de los consumidores y la falta de apoyo de los inversionistas/líderes constituyen obstáculos para expandir/mejorar la gestión de los PDU. Se concluye que la lógica linear del uso y eliminación prevalece a expensas de los intereses ambientales. No se notaron variaciones significativas entre los tipos de empresas y estas se deben más a sus gerentes. Finalmente, el contexto de la pandemia agrava el problema de la contaminación plástica, exigiendo mayor atención al tema.

Resumo Este artigo identificou as percepções de gestores de empreendimentos hoteleiros litorâneos acerca da problemática dos plásticos de uso único (PDUs). A pesquisa foi predominantemente qualitativa, exploratória e transversal com 41 meios de hospedagem de 8 tipos situados em 6 estados brasileiros e 11 localidades litorâneas. Como técnica de coleta de dados se aplicou um roteiro semiestruturado e, para interpretação, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que decisões econômicas são prioritárias às ambientais, e não há visão majoritária de relação direta entre poluição plástica e redução nos fluxos turísticos. Todos os empreendimentos utilizam PDUs, sobretudo copos, garrafas e sacolas. Entre as estratégias para geri-los, destacam-se ações de substituição, redução, educação ambiental e treinamentos internos. Reduzir/substituir itens como embalagens e amenities exige mudanças na indústria e no comportamento de consumo da clientela. Inexistência de alternativas com qualidade e preço, resistência dos consumidores, e apoio limitado dos investidores e lideranças aparecem como obstáculos para ampliar e aperfeiçoar a gestão dos PDUs. Conclui-se que prevalece a lógica linear de uso e descarte, em detrimento da economia circular. Não se percebeu variações significativas entre os tipos de empreendimentos e essas se devem mais aos seus gestores. Finalmente, o contexto da pandemia agrava a problemática da poluição plástica, requerendo maior atenção ao tema.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the possibilities of extrapolation regarding Max Weber's theory on the relationship between Protestantism and capitalism within the framework of relations between contemporary Chilean Evangelical Christianity and peripheral capitalism. The literature has approached the subject tangentially, since, although some links have been suggested, there are few systematic studies that test the Weberian hypothesis in a Latin American and Chilean context. The essay presents the most promising study perspectives in light of the theoretical and empirical considerations analyzed. One of the most suggestive socio-historical research fields is operationalized in the link between the prosperity theology (neo-Pentecostalism) and neoliberalism in Contemporary Chile. Beyond their evident historical-theological differences (Calvinism and Neo-Pentecostalism), both religious phenomena legitimize capitalism from a cultural ideological point of view, as a mode of production that requires being internalized at the subjects' motivation level. From this type of research, it is possible to clarify the link between idealistic (cultural emphasis) and materialistic (techno-economic emphasis) interpretations of historical change processes.

RESUMEN El artículo presenta las posibilidades de extrapolación de la teoría de Max Weber acerca del vínculo entre protestantismo y capitalismo en el marco de las relaciones entre cristianismo evangélico chileno contemporáneo y capitalismo periférico. La literatura especializada ha abordado la temática de modo tangencial, ya que si bien se han insinuado algunos vínculos, existen pocos estudios sistemáticos que pongan a prueba la hipótesis weberiana en un contexto latinoamericano y chileno. El ensayo presenta las perspectivas de estudio más promisorias a la luz de las consideraciones teóricas y empíricas analizadas. Uno de los campos más sugerentes de investigación sociohistórica se operacionaliza en el nexo entre la teología de la prosperidad (una de las vertientes del neopentecostalismo) y neoliberalismo en el Chile Contemporáneo. Más allá de las evidentes diferencias histórico-teológicas entre calvinismo y neopentecostalismo, ambos fenómenos religiosos permiten una legitimación ideológico-cultural del capitalismo, en tanto modo de producción que requiere ser internalizado en el plano de las motivaciones de los sujetos. A partir de este tipo de investigaciones, es posible un esclarecimiento del vínculo entre interpretaciones idealistas (énfasis cultural) y materialistas (acento tecnoeconómico) sobre procesos de cambio histórico.

Abstract Literature available in the field of emotional regulation has presented a broad overview of the process through which we influence our own emotions. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on highlighting the importance of helping others in the management of their emotional states. This paper aims to synthesize, discuss, and organize some theoretical and empirical contributions to interpersonal emotional regulation. The paper presents how emotional regulation has been analyzed since the emergence of these studies in the 1990s, including the characteristics, processes, classes, motives, elements, and consequences of interpersonal emotional regulation reported in the literature. It is concluded that there is a lack of theoretical consensus among researchers and a lack of research in different fields of knowledge, such as education. There is also an incipient exploration in the Latin American context and a lack of studies with children and adolescents. These limitations can help to point out theoretical gaps and motivate future researchers to collaborate in research production in these fields.

Resumen La literatura en el campo de la regulación emocional nos ha presentado un amplio panorama frente a cómo es el proceso por medio del cual influenciamos en nuestras propias emociones. Sin embargo, pocos estudios, se han centrado en resaltar la importancia de ayudar a otros en su gestión de estados emocionales. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar, discutir y organizar algunos elementos teóricos y empíricos sobre la regulación emocional interpersonal. Se presenta cómo se ha analizado la regulación emocional desde el surgimiento de estos estudios en los años noventa, describiendo características, procesos, clases, motivos, elementos y consecuencias de la regulación emocional interpersonal que han sido reportados en la literatura. Se concluye que existe una falta de consenso teórico entre los investigadores, una escasa investigación en diversas áreas del conocimiento, tales como en la educación. Existe también una incipiente exploración en el contexto latinoamericano y una carencia de estudios con niños, niñas y adolescentes. Estas limitaciones sirven para señalar los vacíos teóricos y motivar a futuros investigadores a colaborar en estos campos.