SUMMARY: Exercise and anabolic steroids are expected to promote improvements in cardiovascular structure and reduction of visceral fat and, thus, help promote health in hyperglycemic patients. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of aerobic exercise associated with the use of steroids on cardiac structure and visceral fat in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (n=8), control with treatment (n=8), diabetic (n=8) and diabetic with treatment (n=8). All animals were subjected to intense aerobic exercise and the animals undergoing treatment received intramuscular testosterone. Body weight, visceral fat and cardiac measurements (weight, length and width) were evaluated. The groups treated with testosterone showed a smaller than expected increase in body weight for food intake. Visceral, perirenal, retroperitoneal and epididymal fats were lower in the treated groups. Heart weight was relatively greater in the treated groups and greater width and length in the untreated groups. The proposed association of testosterone administration with aerobic exercise can provide significant benefits for the metabolism of hyperglycemic individuals.

RESUMEN: Se supone que el ejercicio y los esteroides anabólicos promuevan la mejora de la estructura cardiovascular y la reducción de la grasa visceral y, por tanto, ayuden a promover la salud en pacientes hiperglucémicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar la influencia del ejercicio aeróbico asociado al uso de esteroides sobre la estructura cardíaca y la grasa visceral en ratas Wistar hiperglucémicas. Treinta y dos ratas Wistar machos jóvenes se dividieron en cuatro grupos: grupo control (n=8), control con tratamiento (n=8), diabético (n=8) y diabético con tratamiento (n=8). Todos los animales se sometieron a ejercicio aeróbico intenso y los animales en tratamiento recibieron testosterona intramuscular. Se evaluaron el peso corporal, la grasa visceral y las medidas del corazón (peso, largo y ancho). Los grupos tratados con testosterona mostraron un aumento menor de lo esperado en el peso corporal según la ingesta dietética. Las grasas visceral, perirrenal, retroperitoneal y epididimaria fueron menores en los grupos tratados. El peso del corazón fue relativamente mayor en los grupos tratados y el mayor ancho y largo en los grupos no tratados. La asociación propuesta de la administración de testosterona con el ejercicio aeróbico puede proporcionar beneficios significativos para el metabolismo de los individuos hiperglucémicos.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of nosocomial infections in children under 12 years old. Data sources: This is a systematic review in which five randomized clinical trials about the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin, involving a total of 429 children with nosocomial infections, were evaluated. They were searched in scientific databases: PubMed, Bvs, and SciELO. Summary of findings: The main nosocomial infections that affected children were bacteremia, skin, and soft tissue infections followed by nosocomial pneumonia. Most infections were caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which all studies showed infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains being isolated. Both linezolid and vancomycin showed high therapeutic efficacy against different types of nosocomial infections, ranging from 84.4% to 94% for linezolid and 76.9% to 90% for vancomycin. Patients receiving linezolid had lower rates of rash and red man syndrome compared to those receiving vancomycin. However, despite the adverse reactions, antimicrobials can be safely administered to children to treat nosocomial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion: Both linezolid and vancomycin showed good efficacy in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria in hospitalized children. However, linezolid stands out regarding its pharmacological safety. Importantly, to strengthen this conclusion, further clinical trials are needed to provide additional evidence. Objective 1 old sources 42 evaluated databases PubMed Bvs SciELO findings bacteremia skin pneumonia Grampositive Gram positive methicillinresistant methicillin S MRSA (MRSA coagulasenegative coagulase negative isolated 844 84 4 84.4 94 769 76 9 76.9 90 However reactions Conclusion safety Importantly conclusion evidence 8 84. 7 76.

Abstract This document analyzes the eighteenth-century baptism records from parochial archives in Arica and the Lluta and Azapa valleys of present-day northern Chile. It examines how enslaved black women, in the face of colonialism and motherhood, used this sacrament as a powerful mechanism of resistance, weaving intricate parental and friendship networks. The study also explores the conditions under which these baptisms took place and how the Afro-descendant female population, both enslaved and freed, organized themselves through a system of alliances via godparents linked to ethnic groups or the elite, such as landowners andpriests. These actions allowed for a double articulation with the authorities and within their families or Afro and Indigenous communities.

Resumen El presente artículo analiza las actas de bautismos de los archivos parroquiales del siglo XVIII de Arica y los valles de Lluta y Azapa del actual norte de Chile, indagando de qué forma las mujeres negras esclavizadas utilizaron este sacramento como mecanismo de resistencia con redes parentales y amicales en un contexto colonial y de maternidad; además, se examina en qué condiciones se produjeron los bautizos y cómo se articuló la población femenina afrodescendiente, tanto esclavizada como liberta, con un sistema de alianzas, a través de padrinos vinculados a grupos étnicos o la elite, como hacendados y sacerdotes; acciones que permitieron una doble articulación, tanto con las autoridades como al interior de sus familias o comunidades afros e indígenas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop a middle-range theory of the existential dimension of being-in-the-world of chronic kidney disease in the light of humanistic nursing theory. Methods: exploratory-descriptive, qualitative, Grounded Theory study, whose guiding question was: what theoretical relationships can be established between clinical practice carried out in the context of renal replacement therapies and the concepts of humanistic nursing theory? Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nursing staff and chronic kidney disease patients. Results: a theory was developed that describes and explains the existential dimension of being-in-the-world of chronic kidney disease, identifying the qualitative evidence present in this context. Final Considerations: the theory contributes to clinical nursing practice qualification in nephrology, consolidating nursing as an art and science, because it arises from care practice and research, in addition to rescuing what differentiates it within the health disciplines, which is care par excellence. Objectives middlerange middle range beingintheworld being world Methods exploratorydescriptive, exploratorydescriptive exploratory descriptive, descriptive exploratory-descriptive study semistructured semi structured patients Results Considerations nephrology science research disciplines excellence

RESUMO Objetivos: desenvolver uma teoria de médio alcance da dimensão existencial do ser-no-mundo da doença renal crônica à luz da teoria humanística de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo exploratório-descritivo, qualitativo, do tipo Teoria Fundamentada em Dados, cuja questão norteadora foi: que relações teóricas podem ser estabelecidas entre a prática clínica realizada no contexto das terapias renais substitutivas e os conceitos da teoria humanística de enfermagem? Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada com equipe de enfermagem e pacientes renais crônicos. Resultados: elaborou-se uma teoria que descreve e explica a dimensão existencial do ser-no-mundo da doença renal crônica, identificando as evidências qualitativas presentes nesse contexto. Considerações Finais: a teoria contribui para qualificação da prática clínica da enfermagem no contexto da nefrologia, consolidando a enfermagem enquanto arte e ciência, porque nasce da prática assistencial e da pesquisa, além de resgatar o que lhe diferencia dentro das disciplinas da saúde, que é o cuidado por excelência. Objetivos sernomundo mundo Métodos exploratóriodescritivo, exploratóriodescritivo exploratório descritivo, descritivo exploratório-descritivo qualitativo Dados foi crônicos Resultados elaborouse elaborou se Finais nefrologia ciência pesquisa saúde excelência

RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar una teoría intermedia de la dimensión existencial del estar-en-el-mundo de la enfermedad renal crónica a la luz de la teoría humanista de la enfermería. Métodos: estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, cualitativo, de Teoría Basada en Datos, cuya pregunta orientadora fue: ¿qué relaciones teóricas se pueden establecer entre la práctica clínica realizada en el contexto de las terapias de reemplazo renal y los conceptos de la teoría humanista de enfermería? Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con personal de enfermería y pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Resultados: se desarrolló una teoría que describe y explica la dimensión existencial del estar-en-el-mundo de la enfermedad renal crónica, identificando la evidencia cualitativa presente en este contexto. Consideraciones Finales: la teoría contribuye a la calificación de la práctica clínica de enfermería en el contexto de la nefrología, consolidando la enfermería como arte y ciencia, porque nace de la práctica del cuidado y de la investigación, además de rescatar lo que lo diferencia dentro de las disciplinas de la salud, que es el cuidado por excelencia. Objetivos estarenelmundo estar mundo Métodos exploratoriodescriptivo, exploratoriodescriptivo exploratorio descriptivo, descriptivo exploratorio-descriptivo cualitativo Datos fue qué Resultados Finales nefrología ciencia investigación salud excelencia

This study analyzed experiences developed by popular health agents (AgPSs) during the Campanha Mãos Solidárias (Helping Hands Campaign) between 2020 and 2022 and their convergence towards the National Policy for Popular Health Education and concept of healthy and sustainable territories. We conducted a qualitative and analytical documental study using campaign social media, newspapers and academic works on the topic as sources of data. AgPSs foster public participation in health territories using strategies to mobilize the population around the right to health, health education, popular communication and health care. They identified and strengthened popular knowledge about territories by promoting intersectoral coordination across different areas, including health, food, employment and income, rights, communication and education. The study reveals the challenges in coordinating actions with the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) and the need to strengthen public policies related to the theme. (AgPSs Helping Campaign 202 media data education care areas food income rights SUS (SUS theme 20 2

Este estudo analisou as experiências desenvolvidas pelos Agentes Populares de Saúde (AgPS) na Campanha Mãos Solidárias, entre os anos 2020 e 2022, suas aproximações com a Política Nacional de Educação Popular em Saúde e com o conceito de Territórios Saudáveis e Sustentáveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, qualitativa e analítica, cujas fontes de dados foram coletadas nas mídias sociais da campanha, jornais e produções acadêmicas do tema. Os AgPS fomentaram o protagonismo popular nos territórios por meio de estratégias de mobilização pelo direito a saúde, educação em saúde, comunicação popular e cuidado em saúde. Identificaram e fortaleceram os saberes populares do território pela articulação intersetorial entre Saúde, Alimentação, Trabalho e Renda, Direitos, Comunicação e Educação. Este trabalho identificou a dificuldade de articulação das ações com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e também a necessidade de fortalecimento de políticas públicas relacionadas ao tema. (AgPS Solidárias 202 2022 Sustentáveis Tratase Trata se documental analítica campanha tema saúde Alimentação Renda Direitos SUS (SUS 20 2

Este estudio analizó las experiencias desarrolladas por los Agentes Populares de Salud (AgPS) en la Campaña Manos Solidarias, entre los años 2020 y 2022, sus aproximaciones con la Política Nacional de Educación Popular en Salud y con el concepto de Territorios Saludables y Sostenibles. Se trata de una investigación documental, cualitativa y analítica, cuyas fuentes de datos se colectaron en los medios sociales de la campaña, periódicos y producciones académicas del tema. Los AgPS fomentaron el protagonismo popular en los territorios por medio de estrategias de movilización por el derecho a la salud, educación en salud, comunicación popular y en el cuidado de la salud. Identificaron y fortalecieron los saberes populares del territorio por medio de la articulación intersectorial entre Salud, Alimentación, Trabajo y Renta, Derechos, Comunicación y Educación. Este trabajo identificó la dificultad de articulación de las acciones con el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) y también la necesidad de fortalecimiento de políticas públicas relacionadas con el tema. (AgPS Solidarias 202 2022 Sostenibles documental analítica campaña tema salud Alimentación Renta Derechos SUS (SUS 20 2

Abstract This article investigates the relationship between books, reading, and teacher education at the São Paulo Normal School in the late 19th century. It analyses the constitution of an archive that should comprise the repertoire of students and teachers, as well as the institutionalization of a space for its keeping and consultation. To that end, it examines a variety of sources including reports, regulations, bylaws, legislation, newspaper articles, and book catalogues. A transnational perspective guides the analysis, emphasizing the relations between São Paulo and France that presided over the constitution of the archive in its first decades of existence. The article also establishes a dialogue with references from the cultural history of pedagogic knowledges and from the history of the book and reading. Since 1870 one can observe the intention of establishing a library composed mainly by titles associated with the different subjects of the Normal School curriculum. The contents of such archive followed the diversification and expansion of the academic chairs in the 1880s and 1890s, revealing the ascent of the scientific character of the field of pedagogy, and the circulation of pedagogical materials and ideas. In a context in which the French public education reforms were revered by Brazilian politicians and educators alike, the inclusion of books and materials, French or otherwise adopted in that country, was seen as fundamental to the appropriation of modern methods and experiences. However, there were obstacles to their use, such as the working hours, lack of adequate lighting, and the scarce command of the language, giving rise to recurrent statements about the low attendance to the library and the small number of works read. reading th century teachers consultation end reports regulations bylaws legislation articles catalogues analysis existence 187 curriculum s 1890s pedagogy ideas alike country experiences However use hours lighting language read 18 1

Resumo Este artigo investiga a relação entre livros, leitura e formação docente na Escola Normal de São Paulo, no final do século XIX. Analisa a constituição de um acervo que deveria compor o repertório de estudantes e professores, e a institucionalização de um espaço para sua guarda e consulta. Para tanto, examina-se um conjunto diverso de fontes, que inclui relatórios, regulamentos, regimentos, legislação, publicações de jornais, catálogos de livros etc. Adota-se a perspectiva transnacional, enfatizando as relações entre São Paulo e França, que marcaram a constituição do acervo em suas primeiras décadas. Dialoga-se com referenciais da história cultural dos saberes pedagógicos e da história do livro e da leitura. Observa-se, desde 1870, o intuito de criar uma biblioteca composta preferencialmente por títulos referentes às matérias do curso normal. A composição de seu acervo acompanhou a diversificação e a ampliação das cadeiras, nos anos de 1880 e 1890, evidenciando a ascensão do caráter científico no campo da pedagogia e a circulação de materiais e ideias pedagógicas. No contexto em que as reformas da instrução pública na França eram admiradas por políticos e educadores brasileiros, a posse de materiais e livros franceses, ou adotados naquele país, era tida como fundamental para a apropriação de experiências e métodos modernos. Entretanto, havia obstáculos à leitura, tais como o horário de funcionamento, a iluminação e o escasso domínio do idioma, sendo constante a afirmação de que a frequência à biblioteca era pequena e que poucas obras eram lidas. XIX professores consulta tanto examinase examina se fontes relatórios regulamentos regimentos legislação jornais etc Adotase Adota transnacional décadas Dialogase Dialoga Observase, Observase Observa se, Observa-se 1870 normal cadeiras 188 1890 pedagógicas brasileiros franceses país modernos Entretanto funcionamento idioma lidas 187 18 189 1

Abstract: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the repair bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement using either the same material or a universal adhesive in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes plus resin composite. Twenty-four resin-modified glass ionomer cement blocks were stored in distilled water for 14 d and thermocycled. Sandpaper ground specimens were randomly assigned to three experimental groups according to the repair protocol: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Riva Light Cure, SDI) and universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M Oral Care) in etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes and nanohybrid resin composite (Z350 XT, 3M Oral Care). After 24 h of water storage, the blocks were sectioned, and bonded sticks were subjected to the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to analyze the data. The failure mode was descriptively analyzed. The highest μTBS values were obtained when the resin-modified glass ionomer cement was repaired using the same material (p < 0.01). In addition, the mode of application of the universal adhesive system did not influence the repair bond strength of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Adhesive/mixed failures prevailed in all groups. Repair of resin-modified glass ionomers with the same material appears to be the preferred option to improve bond strength. Abstract resinmodified modified etchandrinse etch rinse selfetch self Twentyfour Twenty four 1 thermocycled protocol Riva Cure SDI Scotchbond Adhesive M Care Z350 Z (Z35 XT Care. . 2 storage sectioned (μTBS Oneway One way Tukeys Tukey s data analyzed p 0.01. 001 0.01 0 01 0.01) addition Adhesivemixed mixed Z35 (Z3 00 0.0 Z3 (Z 0.

Abstract Natural products have been studied as potential anthelmintic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the polypeptides/proteins exuded from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia mature seeds on the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. After seed immersion for 24 h at 25 ºC in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.15 M NaCl and 1.0 M MgSO4, the constituent polypeptides/proteins were fractionated using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ultrafiltration and their effects on C. elegans motility were assessed. Moreover, we evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) whether exposition of the nematode to the polypeptide fraction McSEX10-2 could cause any alteration on the animal’s external surface (cuticle). The whole seed exudates (SEX) from the M. caesalpiniifolia mature seeds (named McSEX) and its polypeptide/protein derived fractions, termed McSEX90%/80°C, McSEX30-10, and McSEX10-2, inhibited the C. elegans motility with an IC50 of 15.18, 12.59, 9.74 and 1.34 μg mL-1.The McSEX10-2 fraction, which encompassed the polypeptides with the molecular mass varying from 10 kDa to 2 kDa, was the most effective. In addition, McSEX10-2 altered the ultrastructure and the mechanical properties of the C. elegans cuticle. McSEX10-2, in particular, can be used as a model to bioinspire structure-based design of new peptides that could control, alone or in combination with other drugs, economically important parasitic nematodes. drugs polypeptidesproteins proteins buffer 70 7 0 7.0 015 15 0.1 1 1. MgSO4 MgSO C assessed Moreover AFM (AFM McSEX102 McSEX McSEX10 McSEX10- animals animal s cuticle . (cuticle) SEX (SEX named polypeptideprotein protein fractions McSEX9080C McSEXC McSEX90 80 McSEX90%/80°C McSEX3010, McSEX3010 McSEX30 10, McSEX30-10 McSEX102, 2, IC IC5 1518 18 15.18 1259 12 59 12.59 974 9 74 9.7 134 34 1.3 mL1.The mL1The mLThe mL 1.The effective addition particular structurebased structure based control nematodes 7. 01 0. McSEX1 (cuticle McSEX9 8 McSEX301 McSEX3 McSEX30-1 151 15.1 125 5 12.5 97 9. 13 3 mL1 1The McSEX30- 15. 12.

Abstract The adnexa fetal tissues are sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their noninvasive harvest, with all biological material discarded most of the time. MSCs are a promise regarding to their plasticity, self-renewal, differentiation potentials, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which have made clinical stem cell therapy a reality. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the immunomodulation ability of bovine mesenchymal cells collected from bovine amniotic fluid (bAFMSCs) isolated and subjected to sixth consecutive culture passages in vitro. The multilineage properties of the bAFMSCs collections confirmed the ability to undergo adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The mesenchymal gene transcription CD106, CD73, CD29, CD90 and CD166 were detected in bAFMSCs, whereas CD34 and CD45 were not detected. Regarding cytokine mRNA expression, IL2, IL6, INFα, INFβ, INFγ, TNFα and TNFβ were downregulated, while IL10 was highly regulated in all studied passages. The present study demonstrated the immunological properties and multipotency of in vitro bAFMSCs collections, and thus, they can be tested in cattle pathological treatments or multiplication by nuclear transfer cloning. (MSCs harvest time plasticity selfrenewal, selfrenewal self renewal, renewal self-renewal potentials antiinflammatory anti inflammatory reality (bAFMSCs adipogenic CD106 CD CD73 CD29 CD9 CD16 CD3 CD4 expression IL2 IL IL6 INFα INFβ INFγ downregulated IL1 thus cloning CD10 CD7 CD2 CD1

Este estudio analizó las experiencias desarrolladas por los Agentes Populares de Salud (AgPS) en la Campaña Manos Solidarias, entre los años 2020 y 2022, sus aproximaciones con la Política Nacional de Educación Popular en Salud y con el concepto de Territorios Saludables y Sostenibles. Se trata de una investigación documental, cualitativa y analítica, cuyas fuentes de datos se colectaron en los medios sociales de la campaña, periódicos y producciones académicas del tema. Los AgPS fomentaron el protagonismo popular en los territorios por medio de estrategias de movilización por el derecho a la salud, educación en salud, comunicación popular y en el cuidado de la salud. Identificaron y fortalecieron los saberes populares del territorio por medio de la articulación intersectorial entre Salud, Alimentación, Trabajo y Renta, Derechos, Comunicación y Educación. Este trabajo identificó la dificultad de articulación de las acciones con el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) y también la necesidad de fortalecimiento de políticas públicas relacionadas con el tema.

This study analyzed experiences developed by popular health agents (AgPSs) during the Campanha Mãos Solidárias (Helping Hands Campaign) between 2020 and 2022 and their convergence towards the National Policy for Popular Health Education and concept of healthy and sustainable territories. We conducted a qualitative and analytical documental study using campaign social media, newspapers and academic works on the topic as sources of data. AgPSs foster public participation in health territories using strategies to mobilize the population around the right to health, health education, popular communication and health care. They identified and strengthened popular knowledge about territories by promoting intersectoral coordination across different areas, including health, food, employment and income, rights, communication and education. The study reveals the challenges in coordinating actions with the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) and the need to strengthen public policies related to the theme.

Este estudo analisou as experiências desenvolvidas pelos Agentes Populares de Saúde (AgPS) na Campanha Mãos Solidárias, entre os anos 2020 e 2022, suas aproximações com a Política Nacional de Educação Popular em Saúde e com o conceito de Territórios Saudáveis e Sustentáveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, qualitativa e analítica, cujas fontes de dados foram coletadas nas mídias sociais da campanha, jornais e produções acadêmicas do tema. Os AgPS fomentaram o protagonismo popular nos territórios por meio de estratégias de mobilização pelo direito a saúde, educação em saúde, comunicação popular e cuidado em saúde. Identificaram e fortaleceram os saberes populares do território pela articulação intersetorial entre Saúde, Alimentação, Trabalho e Renda, Direitos, Comunicação e Educação. Este trabalho identificou a dificuldade de articulação das ações com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e também a necessidade de fortalecimento de políticas públicas relacionadas ao tema.

Resumo O presente estudo problematiza a segregação planejada em Brasília durante a sua construção, tendo como base o caso da vila Amauri, uma ocupação informal de candangos que existiu entre 1959 e 1960, próxima ao Congresso Nacional, em uma região que posteriormente e de modo planejado seria inundada pelas águas do lago Paranoá. Utilizamos autores clássicos da sociologia urbana para debater as categorias sociológicas da cidade, resgatando, em segundo lugar, estudos a respeito da visão dualista e excludente de discursos que pregavam a modernização. Por último, desenvolvemos uma discussão acerca de Brasília e a segregação planejada nos seus primórdios, evidenciando, por meio de relatos orais, uma apropriação do espaço mais plural e destoante do que aquela apregoada pelos idealizadores do projeto da capital. construção Amauri 195 1960 Nacional Paranoá cidade resgatando lugar modernização último primórdios evidenciando orais capital 19 196 1

Abstract This study discusses planned segregation in Brasília during its construction, focusing on the case of Vila Amauri, an informal settlement of candangos that existed from 1959 to 1960, near the National Congress, in a region that, subsequently and in a planned way, was flooded by the waters of Lake Paranoá. We used classic authors from the area of urban sociology to discuss the sociological categories of the city, and, in the second stage, we utilized studies about the dualistic and exclusionary perspective of narratives that defended the modernization of Brazil. Last but not least, we discuss Brasília and the planned segregation of the early days of the capital, based on oral reports which reveal that the appropriation of the space was plural and different from what had been announced by the creators of the city’s project. construction Amauri 195 1960 Congress way Paranoá city stage Brazil least capital citys s project 19 196 1

RESUMEN Introducción. Las actividades profesionales confiables (APROC) son 13 actividades que los médicos recién graduados deberían poder realizar sin supervisión directa. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la percepción de residentes y docentes acerca de la autonomía para realizar las APROC, luego de 2 años del inicio de la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal, que incluyó residentes de primer año de especialidades clínicas y quirúrgicas, y sus docentes. Se enviaron cuestionarios electrónicos y anónimos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 31 residentes y 20 docentes. La mayoría de los residentes creía que podía realizar en forma autónoma 8 de las 13 APROC. Para la mayoría de los docentes, los residentes requerían supervisión directa para 11 de las 13 actividades. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre la percepción de residentes y docentes en 8 de las 13 APROC. Conclusión. La percepción de autonomía para realizar las APROC al inicio de la residencia fue considerablemente mayor en residentes que en sus docentes.