Resumo: Objetivo Avaliamos as mudanças na biomassa do perifíton e na composição das comunidades de diatomáceas bentônicas ao longo de um gradiente de urbanização em 10 riachos costeiros localizados na planície costeira do extremo sul do Brasil. Métodos Em cada riacho coletamos variáveis limnológicas e o material perifítico do estolão da macrófita aquática Hydrocotyle ranunculoides para posterior análises de clorofila a e de diatomáceas. Resultados Fósforo total foi a única variável limnológica selecionada pelos modelos, mostrando uma relação positiva com a biomassa e negativa com a riqueza de espécies de diatomáceas nesses riachos. A composição de espécies (para dados de presença e ausência e de abundância) também foi explicada pelas concentrações de fósforo total. Além disso, observamos uma distribuição aninhada de espécies ao longo dos riachos, de forma que as comunidades mais pobres de riachos com maiores concentrações de fósforo são subconjuntos de comunidades mais ricas com menores concentrações do nutriente. Conclusões Evidenciamos em nosso estudo que as modificações na qualidade da água causadas pela eutrofização estão levando à perda de espécies e mudanças na estrutura de comunidades em ecótonos como os riachos costeiros.

Abstract: Aim We evaluated changes in periphyton biomass and the composition of benthic diatom communities along a gradient of urbanization in 10 coastal streams located on the coastal plain of southernmost Brazil. Methods At each coastal stream, we obtained limnological variables and periphytic material from the stolon of the aquatic macrophyte Hydrocotyle ranunculoides for further analyses of chlorophyll a and diatoms. Results Total phosphorus was the only limnological variable selected by the statistical models, showing a positive relationship with periphyton biomass and a negative relationship with diatom species richness in these streams. Species composition (for both presence-absence and abundance data) was also explained by total phosphorus. Further, we observed a nested distribution of diatom species along the streams, in which poorer communities of streams with higher concentrations of phosphorous are subsets of richer communities from streams with lower concentrations of the nutrient. Conclusions Our study shows that water quality modifications caused by eutrophication are leading to the loss of species and changes in the structure of biological communities in ecotones such as coastal streams.

Resumo A realização de queimas prescritas, com diferentes objetivos de gestão e manejo, vem sendo aplicada mais frequentemente em áreas protegidas. Com o intuito de compreender o efeito do fogo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a abundância e a diversidade dos microrganismos fúngicos em resposta ao uso do fogo e incêndios florestais. As amostras de solo anterior e após a queimada foram coletadas, sendo os fungos isolados pelo método de plaqueamento, posteriormente quantificados por meio da contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC g-1) e identificados ao nível de gênero. A média de UFC g-1 não apresentou diferença significativa entre os regimes de fogo avaliados, no entanto houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para diversidade, tendo os dois anos de incêndios ocasionado menor diversidade de gênero. Os gêneros Aspergillus e Penicillium estiveram presentes em todas as áreas amostradas, com maiores valores de UFC g-1, enquanto os gêneros Mucor e Rhizopus apresentaram os menores valores. A média de unidade formadora de colônia (UFC g-1) e diversidade antes e após a queima prescrita diferiram estatisticamente (p<0,05), sendo que a média de UFC g-1 teve redução e a diversidade apresentou aumento após a passagem do fogo em todas as áreas avaliadas. A maior redução da média de UFC g-1 ocorreu para o mês de julho. Os valores de coeficientes de correlação de Pearson obtidos demonstraram correlação negativa significativa entre a média de UFC g-1, a diversidade e a temperatura (r=0,70; r=-0,98 e p<0,05). A variável diversidade apresentou correlação negativa com a temperatura, precipitação e umidade relativa do ar (r=-0,56; r=-0,86; r=-0,86 e p<0,05), indicando que houve influência direta destas variáveis na abundância e diversidade dos fungos do solo. Os parâmetros do solo (alumínio, acidez trocável, capacidade de troca de cátions, cálcio, magnésio, cálcio e magnésio, fósforo, pH, saturação por base e de alumínio) possuem relação direta com os fungos do solo.

Abstract Prescribed burning, with different objectives of management and handling, has been applied more frequently in protected areas. In order to understand the effect of fire, this work aimed to assess the abundance and diversity of fungal microorganisms in response to the use of fire and forest fires. Soil samples before and after burning were collected, with fungi isolated by the plating method, then quantified by counting the collony-forming units (CFU g-1) and identified at the gender level. The average CFU g-1 did not present a significant difference between the evaluated fire regimes, however, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) for diversity, and the two years of fires caused less gender diversity. The genders Aspergillus and Penicillium were present in all sampled areas, with higher CFU g-1 values, whereas genders Mucor and Rhizopus exhibited the lowest values. The average colony-forming unit (CFU g-1) and diversity before and after prescribed burning differed statistically (p < 0.05), while the average CFU g-1 had a reduction and diversity showed an increase after the passage of fire in all areas evaluated. The greatest reduction in the average CFU g-1 occurred for the month of July. Pearson’s correlation coefficient values obtained demonstrated a significant negative correlation between average CFU g-1, diversity and temperature (r = 0.70; r = -0.98 and p < 0.05). The diversity variable presented negative correlation with temperature, precipitation and relative humidity (r = -0.56; r = -0.86 and p < 0.05), thus indicating that there was a direct influence of these variables on the abundance and diversity of soil fungi. The soil parameters (aluminum, exchangeable acidity, cation EXCHANGE capacity, calcium and magnesium, phosphorus, pH, base and aluminum saturation) have a direct relation with the soil fungi.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between child’s daytime caring person and risk for higher early childhood caries (ECC) experience. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of all clinical records (census) of children (0-3 years old) attended in a public dental clinic, which contained information about caries experience and child’s daytime caring person (mother, grandmother or others). Caries experience was dichotomized as dmft ≤ 2 or dmft >2. Data were analyzed by the chi-square (α = 0.05). Binary logistic regression models were built. Results: From a total of 310 children, 19% of children had the grandmother as daytime caring person. There was no association between child’s daytime caring person and caries experience (p=0.32). Logistic regression analysis showed that low daytime caregiver schooling (OR: 5.76 95%CI 1.18-28.18; p=0.02) and child’s age (OR: 1.14 95% CI 1.09-1.19; p=0.00) were risk factors, and breastfeeding duration (> 9 months - OR: 0.38 95% CI 0.21-0.68; p=0.00), no nocturnal feeding (OR: 0.50 95% CI 0.27-0.91; p=0.02), and absence of sugar consumption between main meals (OR: 0.50 95% CI 0.28-0.89; p=0.02) were protection factors for ECC. Conclusion: A higher caries experience in early childhood is not associated to child’s daytime caring person. On the other hand, the higher caries experience is associated with low caregiver schooling and older children.

Abstract Aims to evaluate the effect of whole purple grape juice intake in the recovery of oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle injury after an intense training session. Fifteen high level men athletes were randomly distributed in supplemented (GJG; n=8; 28.7 ± 3.5 years) or control group (CG; n=7; 24.8 ± 2.7 years). 400 ml of juice or water was ingested immediately before (200 ml) and after (200 ml) a training session. Blood samples was collect before and post-training session as well as 180 minutes after this session (recovery) to analysis of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive ultrasensitive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite. The nitrite values at the end of recovery moment of the GJG group were significantly higher than the same moment in the CG group (p<0.05), and the intra-group analysis showed a significant increase in nitrite values only in the GJG group in the end of recovery period moment when compared to the moments pre-training (p<0.001) and post-training (p<0.05). MDA, CRP, LDH and CK did not differ neither groups. Acute supplementation with 400 ml of grape juice increases the serum concentration of nitrite, a nitric oxide metabolite that has antioxidant activity.

Abstract Objective: to verify if one single dose of L-arginine improves post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in hypertensive. Methods: double-blind, placebo, randomized with 20 hypertensive (51.47 ± 1.24 years). Two sessions of aerobic exercise were performed proceeded for the ingestion of one dose of 7 g of L-arginine (EX-LARG) or placebo (EX-PLA), plus one session only with L-arginine ingestion (L-ARG). Blood pressure (BP) was measured at rest, and each ten minutes for a period of 60 minutes recovery after exercise. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise for analysis of plasma concentration of nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA). One-way ANOVA tests were used to compare the baseline conditions and two-way ANOVA, to evaluate possible differences in pressure responses between procedures. Results: both sessions EX-LARG and EX-PLA showed similar peak reduction for the mean systolic blood pressure (-6.58 ± 0.95 mmHg and -8.38 ± 1.29 mmHg respectively, p = 0.28). On the other hand, for the diastolic component, only L-ARG was able to promote PEH (-1.85 ± 0.44 mmHg), significantly better than EX-PLA (+2.13 ± 0.62 mmHg; p < 0.01). L-ARG alone did not result in significant changes in BP. Nitrite and MDA behaved similarly between procedures. Conclusion: a single dose of L-arginine before exercise improves diastolic PEH.

Resumen Objetivo: verificar si una sola dosis de L-arginina mejora la hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE) en hipertensos. Métodos: estudio doble ciego, placebo, aleatorizado con 20 hipertensos (51,47 ± 1,24 años). Se realizaron dos sesiones de ejercicio aeróbico para la ingestión de una dosis de 7 g de L-arginina (EX-LARG) o placebo (EX-PLA), más una sesión solo con ingestión de L-arginina (L-ARG). La presión arterial (PA) se midió en reposo y cada diez minutos durante un periodo de recuperación de 60 minutos después del ejercicio. Se tomaron muestras de sangre antes y después del ejercicio para el análisis de la concentración plasmática de nitrito y malondialdehído (MDA). Se usaron pruebas de ANOVA de una vía para comparar las condiciones iniciales y ANOVA de dos vías para evaluar las posibles diferencias en las respuestas de presión entre procedimientos. Resultados: ambas sesiones, EX-LARG y EX-PLA, mostraron una reducción máxima similar de la presión arterial sistólica media (-6,58 ± 0,95 mmHg y -8,38 ± 1,29 mmHg, respectivamente, p = 0,28). Por otro lado, con respecto al componente diastólico, solo L-ARG fue capaz de promover HPE (-1,85 ± 0,44 mmHg), significativamente mejor que EX-PLA (+2,13 ± 0,62 mmHg, p < 0,01). L-ARG solo no dio como resultado un cambio significativo en la PA. El nitrito y la MDA se comportaron de manera similar entre los procedimientos. Conclusión: una dosis única de L-arginina antes del ejercicio mejora la HPE diastólica.

Abstract Collision tumors are characterized by the coexistence of two cancers in the same anatomical site and its pathogenesis remains controversial. Although uncommon, the association of basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic nevus is the most common among combinations of skin tumors. Even rarer is the association of two malignant tumors. We report a case of tumor collision representing melanoma and basosquamous cell carcinoma, a combination not previously described in the literature, since there are no reported cases of melanoma with this type of basal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Darier's disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 55,000 to 100,000 individuals, regardless of gender. It is characterized by multiple keratotic papules on the seborrheic areas of the trunk, scalp, forehead and flexures, and the clinical picture is worsened by heat, sun exposure, perspiration and mechanical trauma. Histopathology observed loss of epithelial adhesion and abnormal keratinization. About 10% of cases present in the localized form of the disease. We report a case of segmental Darier's Disease Type I and discuss the main characteristics of this condition.

Introduction: chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has an elevated concentration of dietary fiber, it has been used to weight loss and enhance blood glucose and lipid profile. However, data in human are still scarce or do not exist, according to the analyzed variable. Aim: to evaluate the effect of chia supplementation in body composition, lipid profile and blood glucose in overweight or obese individuals. Methods: men and women were randomly allocated in groups that ingested 35g of chia flour/day (CHIA; n=19; 48.8±1.8 years) or placebo (PLA; n=7; 51.4±3.1 years) for 12 weeks. Body composition and food intake were evaluated in each four weeks. Lipid profile and blood glucose were measured in the beginning and in the end of the study. Results: Chia induced significant intragroup reduction in body weight (-1.1±0.4kg; p<0.05), with a greater reduction among obese than overweighed individuals (-1.6±0.4kg; p<0.00), but without difference when compared to PLA. Waist circumference reduced 1.9±0.6 cm in CHIA group (p <0.05), but only intragroup. It was observed a reduction in total cholesterol (p=0.04) and VLDL-c (p=0.03), and an increase in HDL-c (p=0.01) but only in the groups that ingested chia flour and presented abnormal initial values. Triglycerides, blood glucose and LDL-C showed no changes for either group. Conclusion: consumption of chia for 12 weeks promotes significant but discrete reduction in weight and waist circumference, and enhances lipid profile dependent of initial values.

Introducción: Debido al alto contenido de fibra dietética, la chía (Salvia hispánica L.) han sido propuesta para la pérdida de peso y mejora del perfil lipídico y glucémico. Pero los datos en humanos son escasos o inexistentes, en función de la variable analizada. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con harina de chía en la composición corporal, perfil lipídico y glucémico de individuos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: hombres y mujeres fueron asignados aleatoriamente en grupos que consumieron 35 g / día de chía (CHIA; n = 19; 48.8 ± 1.8 años) o placebo (PLA; n = 7; 51.4 ± 3.1 años) durante 12 semanas. La composición corporal y el consumo de alimentos fueron evaluados la cada cuatro semanas de intervención. Perfil lipídico y los niveles de glucosa se midieron al principio y al final del estudio. Resultados: La chía promovió reducción significativa en el peso corporal (-1.1kg; p <0.05) con la mayor reducción entre los obesos (-1.9kg; p <0.00), mientras que el grupo PLA tenía ningún cambio. Circunferencia de la cintura disminuyó en 1,9 cm en el grupo CHIA (p <0.05), pero sólo intragrupo. Fue observada una disminución en el colesterol total (p = 0.04) y VLDL-c (P = 0.03) y el aumento de los niveles de HDL-c (p = 0.01), pero sólo en el grupo que consumió la chía y tenía valores anormales al inicio del estudio. Los niveles de triglicéridos, glucosa y LDL-c no mostraron cambios en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusión: El consumo de chía durante 12 semanas reduce el peso corporal y la circunferencia de la cintura de manera significativa, pero clínicamente discreto. Chía promueve la mejora del perfil lipídico, pero estos efectos son dependientes de los valores iniciales de los grupos.

Objetivou-se comparar a resposta inflamatória e o perfil oxidativo da técnica de ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH) convencional com duas técnicas de Cirurgia Endoscópica por Orifícios Naturais (NOTES). Foram utilizados 15 fêmeas, alocadas em três grupos de cinco animais. No primeiro grupo, a OSH foi realizada por celiotomia convencional, no segundo, por NOTES total e, no terceiro, por NOTES híbrida. Foram realizadas as coletas sanguíneas antes do procedimento cirúrgico (basal), 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72h pós-operatórias. A atividade da catalase manteve-se alta nos três grupos estudados, entretanto a peroxidação lipídica, medida pelos níveis dos produtos de reação com o ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), ocorreu mais acentuadamente no grupo convencional e foi quase que imperceptível no grupo de NOTES total. Nos três grupos estudados, ocorreu elevação na atividade da butirilcolinesterase e acetilcolinesterases, bem como aumento leucocitário neutrofílico nas primeiras horas pós-cirúrgicas. Conclui-se que a inflamação sistêmica acontece de forma similar nas três técnicas operatórias, com ressalva para as realizadas por NOTES total que mantiveram as mais baixas taxas oxidativas.

This study aimed at comparing the inflammatory response and the oxydative profile of the conventional ovarysalpingohysterectomy (OSH) technique to Totally Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) and Hybrid NOTES. Group of fifteen female dogs was used for each technique. Blood samples were taken before the surgical procedure (basal) and 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h postoperative. The catalase activity was increased in the three studied groups. Nevertheless, lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) levels, was higher in the conventional group and almost indistinguishable in the total NOTES group. In the three analyzed groups, both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities were increased as well as the neutrophil counts during the first post-surgical hours. It is possible to conclude that systemic inflammation occurs in a similar way in the three operative techniques; however, total NOTES technique presents lower levels of cellular oxidative damage, particularly if compared to the conventional approach.

This qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was performed with the objective to identify and understand the representations regarding the rational use of medications in three Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams in the urban region of Dourados, MS, founded on the theoretical framework of Stuart Hall's concept of representations. The chosen methodology was the focal group technique and the data were evaluated using thematic content analysis. There were a total of 26 participants. The professionals highlighted the curative role and the negative aspects of medications. They also presented representations regarding their patients, reporting that they do not understand the correct use of the medications, do not comply with the recommended treatment and engage in self-medication. There is a need to implement educational health practices to promote the rational use of medications.

Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, cuyo objeto fue conocer y comprender las representaciones sobre el uso racional de medicamentos en tres equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) da la zona urbana del municipio de Dourados-MS, teniendo como aporte teórico el concepto de representaciones de Stuart Hall. Como técnica, se utilizaron los grupos focales y la evaluación de datos se produjo mediante análisis temático, modalidad de análisis de contenido. Participaron de la investigación 26 individuos. Se verificó que los profesionales descararon el papel curativo y aspectos negativos de los medicamentos. También expresaron representaciones acerca de los pacientes, relatando que no comprenden el uso correcto de los medicamentos, no adhieren a los tratamientos y se automedican. Se demuestra la necesidad de implantación de prácticas educativas en salud, para la promoción del uso racional de medicamentos.

Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, cujo objetivo foi conhecer e compreender as representações sobre o uso racional de medicamentos em três equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) da zona urbana do município de Dourados-MS, tendo como aporte teórico o conceito de representações de Stuart Hall. Como técnica utilizaram-se os grupos focais, e a avaliação de dados deu-se a partir da análise temática, modalidade da análise de conteúdo. Participaram da pesquisa 26 componentes. Verificou-se que os profissionais destacaram papel curativo e aspectos negativos dos medicamentos. Também apresentaram representações acerca dos pacientes, relatando que não compreendem o uso correto dos medicamentos, não aderem ao tratamento e se automedicam. Nota-se a necessidade de implantação de práticas educativas em saúde para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.

Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, cujo objetivo foi conhecer e compreender as representações sobre o uso racional de medicamentos em três equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) da zona urbana do município de Dourados-MS, tendo como aporte teórico o conceito de representações de Stuart Hall. Como técnica utilizaram-se os grupos focais, e a avaliação de dados deu-se a partir da análise temática, modalidade da análise de conteúdo. Participaram da pesquisa 26 componentes. Verificou-se que os profissionais destacaram papel curativo e aspectos negativos dos medicamentos. Também apresentaram representações acerca dos pacientes, relatando que não compreendem o uso correto dos medicamentos, não aderem ao tratamento e se automedicam. Nota-se a necessidade de implantação de práticas educativas em saúde para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.

This qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was performed with the objective to identify and understand the representations regarding the rational use of medications in three Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams in the urban region of Dourados, MS, founded on the theoretical framework of Stuart Hall's concept of representations. The chosen methodology was the focal group technique and the data were evaluated using thematic content analysis. There were a total of 26 participants. The professionals highlighted the curative role and the negative aspects of medications. They also presented representations regarding their patients, reporting that they do not understand the correct use of the medications, do not comply with the recommended treatment and engage in self-medication. There is a need to implement educational health practices to promote the rational use of medications.

Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, cuyo objeto fue conocer y comprender las representaciones sobre el uso racional de medicamentos en tres equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) da la zona urbana del municipio de Dourados-MS, teniendo como aporte teórico el concepto de representaciones de Stuart Hall. Como técnica, se utilizaron los grupos focales y la evaluación de datos se produjo mediante análisis temático, modalidad de análisis de contenido. Participaron de la investigación 26 individuos. Se verificó que los profesionales descararon el papel curativo y aspectos negativos de los medicamentos. También expresaron representaciones acerca de los pacientes, relatando que no comprenden el uso correcto de los medicamentos, no adhieren a los tratamientos y se automedican. Se demuestra la necesidad de implantación de prácticas educativas en salud, para la promoción del uso racional de medicamentos.

In order to investigate the action of the flocculating agents Panfloc and Panclar a full factorial design 2³ and a Central Composite design 2² were carried out. The control variables were the flocculant concentration, pH and temperature. The response variables were phenolic compounds reduction and spectral area reduction. The best conditions of treatment was hydrolyzate at pH 9 for both coagulants, but the use of Panfloc was more effective in the phenolic compounds reduction (73.9%) and spectral area reduction (65.8%).