RESUMEN Este estudio analizó la trayectoria de los intereses y prioridades relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria expresados en los informes de las cinco Conferencias Nacionales de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CNSAN) realizadas en Brasil entre 1994 y 2015. La investigación fue sistematizada a través del análisis de contenido con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Las dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria se identificaron en las 1.181 propuestas de acción evaluadas a través de un modelo de análisis que consta de 3 categorías transversales, 8 categorías temáticas y 10 subcategorías. El análisis de contenido temporal reveló: continua reducción de las demandas de “acceso universal a una alimentación adecuada”, especialmente en la subcategoría “empleo e ingresos”; predominio de la categoría “estructuración de sistemas sostenibles de producción y abastecimiento de alimentos” con un aumento progresivo de la subcategoría “incentivo a la producción basada en la agroecología”; y mayores demandas de “priorización de los pueblos y comunidades tradicionales”. La línea de tiempo sugiere diferentes contribuciones de las Conferencias a la evolución del debate sobre la seguridad alimentaria en Brasil. Sin embargo, la inserción de los actores sociales en el proceso de formulación de la Política Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de Brasil no garantizó la incorporación de los problemas en la agenda pública, que debe ser reconquistada y profundizada en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los hallazgos atestiguan la importancia de la participación social para la calificación teórica y política de la seguridad alimentaria en Brasil.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the trajectory of interests and priorities related to food security expressed in the reports of the five National Food and Nutritional Security Conferences (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CNSAN) held in Brazil between 1994 and 2015. The documentary research was systematized through content analysis with a quantitative and qualitative focus. Food security dimensions were identified in the 1,181 action proposals assessed through an analysis model consisting of 3 cross-sectional categories, 8 thematic categories, and 10 subcategories. The temporal content analysis revealed: continuous reduction in demands for “universal access to adequate food”, especially in the subcategory “employment and income”; constant predominance of the category “structuring sustainable food production and supply systems” with a progressive increase in the subcategory “incentive to agroecology-based production”; and increased demands for “prioritization of traditional peoples and communities”. The timeline suggests different contributions of the Conferences to the evolution of the debate on food security in Brazil. However, the insertion of social actors in the process of formulating the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security Policy did not guarantee the incorporation of the problems into the public agenda, which should be re-established and deepened in the decision-making processes. The findings attest to the importance of social participation for the theoretical and political qualification of food security in Brazil.

Abstract Residues are generated after the processing of citrus fruits and can be used for essential oil extraction. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the composition, yield, and quality of the proven oil of 30 orange varieties, as an alternative for the better use of its residues. The peels were crushed and subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type. The samples were submitted to an Entirely Randomized Design (DIC) and the results were analyzed in Analysis of Variance, Principal Component Analysis, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The greatest gains in essential oil were yielded by the varieties Valencia IAC (5.57%), Pera DP 06 (4.75%), Hamlin 20 (4.58%), and Pera DP 25 (4.28%). Valencia IAC has the potential to extract up to 7.24 kg of essential oil per ton of orange. Limonene represents 93.18 to 99.61% of the oil components, being the major compound among all varieties. Some varieties did not describe secondary compounds or more than one. These components are highly antioxidant and of great importance in the production of cosmetics, personal care products, homeopathy, help gastrointestinal diseases, among other uses. It is possible to conclude that the varieties have different compounds and oils, even when submitted to the same drying and oil extraction process, being the intrinsic characteristics of each variety.

Resumo Após o processamento dos citros, são gerados resíduos que podem ser utilizados na extração do óleo essencial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição, o rendimento e a qualidade do óleo comprovado de 30 variedades de laranja, como alternativa para o melhor aproveitamento dos resíduos. As cascas foram trituradas e submetidas à hidrodestilação em máquina tipo Clevenger. As amostras foram submetidas a um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), e os resultados foram analisados em Análise de Variância, Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise de Agrupamento Hierárquico. As variedades Valência IAC (5,57%), Pera DP 06 (4,75%), Hamlin 20 (4,58%) e Pera DP 25 (4,28%) apresentaram os maiores ganhos em óleo essencial. Valência IAC tem potencial para extrair até 7,24 kg de óleoessencial por tonelada de laranja. O limoneno representa entre 93,18 e 99,61% do óleo, sendo ocomposto majoritário entre as variedades. Algumas variedades não descrevem compostos secundários, ou mais de um composto secundário. Esses componentes são altamente antioxidantes e degrande importância na produção de cosméticos, produtos de higiene pessoal,homeopatia, uso em doenças gastrointestinais, entre outros. É possível concluir que as variedadespossuem diferentes compostos e óleos, mesmo quando submetidas ao mesmo processo de secagem e de extração do óleo, sendo as características intrínsecas de cada variedade.

ABSTRACT Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated with anabolic agents first, followed by antiresorptive therapy. This evidence is key, considering that greater increases in BMD during osteoporosis treatment are associated with a more pronounced reduction in fracture risk. Thus, international guidelines have recently proposed an individualized approach to osteoporosis treatment based on fracture risk stratification, in which the stratification risk has been refined to include a category of patients at very high risk of fracture who should be managed with anabolic agents as first-line therapy. In this document, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism propose the definition of very high risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women, for whom anabolic agents should be considered as first-line therapy. This document also reviews the factors associated with increased fracture risk, trials comparing anabolic versus antiresorptive agents, efficacy of anabolic agents in patients who are treatment naïve versus those previously treated with antiresorptive agents, and safety of anabolic agents.

ABSTRACT Trabecular bone score (TBS) is an indirect and noninvasive measure of bone quality. A low TBS indicates degraded bone microarchitecture, predicts osteoporotic fracture, and is partially independent of clinical risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD). There is substantial evidence supporting the use of TBS to assess vertebral, hip, and major osteoporotic fracture risk in postmenopausal women, as well as to assess hip and major osteoporotic fracture risk in men aged > 50 years. TBS complements BMD information and can be used to adjust the FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment) score to improve risk stratification. While TBS should not be used to monitor antiresorptive therapy, it may be potentially useful for monitoring anabolic therapy. There is also a growing body of evidence indicating that TBS is particularly useful as an adjunct to BMD for fracture risk assessment in conditions associated with increased fracture risk, such as type-2 diabetes, chronic corticosteroid excess, and other conditions wherein BMD readings are often misleading. The interference of abdominal soft tissue thickness (STT) on TBS should also be considered when interpreting these findings because image noise can impact TBS evaluation. A new TBS software version based on an algorithm that accounts for STT rather than BMI seems to correct this technical limitation and is under development. In this paper, we review the current state of TBS, its technical aspects, and its evolving role in the assessment and management of several clinical conditions.

ABSTRACT Hypoparathyroidism, despite the conventional therapy with calcium and active vitamin D, can lead to skeletal and nonskeletal abnormalities. Chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with a significant reduction in bone remodeling, increases in areal and volumetric bone density, and improvement in trabecular microarchitecture and in trabecular bone score. Regardless of these advantages in bone mass and microarchitecture, recent data suggest an increased vertebral fracture risk in patients with nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Moreover, chronic hypoparathyroidism can lead to abnormalities in multiple organ systems, including the neurological, cardiovascular, renal, neuropsychiatric, ocular, and immune systems. Nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and renal insufficiency, as well as decreased quality of life and cataracts, are common in patients with hypoparathyroidism. An increased incidence of hospitalization due to infections and a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases are observed in patients with hypoparathyroidism, particularly in those with nonsurgical disease. All these abnormalities may be because of the disease itself or complications of therapy. We herein reviewed the skeletal and nonskeletal consequences of hypoparathyroidism in patients conventionally managed with calcium and active vitamin D.

ABSTRACT Osteoporosis, a disease classically attributed to postmenopausal women, is underappreciated, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in men. However, it is not uncommon for osteoporotic fractures to occur in men. About 40% of fractures occur in men with an incidence that has increased over the years. After a first fracture, the risk of a subsequent episode, as well as the risk of death, is higher in the male than in the female population. Despite these facts, only 10% of men with osteoporosis receive adequate treatment. Up to half of the cases of male osteoporosis have a secondary cause, the most common being hypogonadism, excessive alcohol consumption, and chronic use of glucocorticoids. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recommends using the female database for the diagnosis of osteoporosis by DXA (T-score ≤ −2.5 in men over 50 years old). In addition, osteoporosis can also be diagnosed independently of the BMD if a fragility fracture is present, or if there is a high risk of fractures by FRAX. Treatment is similar to postmenopausal osteoporosis, because the data regarding changes in bone density track closely to those in women. Data concerning fracture risk reduction are not as certain because the clinical trials have included fewer subjects for shorter period of time. In men with symptomatic hypogonadism, testosterone replacement, if indicated, can improve BMD.

Resumo Este artigo examina a política orientada por dados para cidades inteligentes e como o Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) se posiciona como uma ferramenta para analisar o design da governança de dados e de política de dados. A pesquisa realizada neste artigo sobre políticas baseadas em dados parte da premissa de que um projeto orientado por dados sustenta iniciativas de cidades inteligentes e incorpora dilemas de ação coletiva, impactando diretamente o desenho da política e da governança de dados. A motivação do artigo foi examinar dos componentes da estrutura IAD e componentes constitutivos da política de dados que orientam sua governança em sistemas complexos de transformação digital. O artigo é um ensaio que pretende levantar discussões sobre dados em cidades inteligentes e como o desenho de políticas compreende os conflitos de ação coletiva motivados pelo controle de dados.

Abstract This article examines data-driven policy for smart cities and how the institutional analysis and development framework (IAD) is a tool to analyze data governance and data policy design. The research assumes that data-driven policy underpins smart city initiatives and incorporates collective action dilemmas, directly impacting policy design and data governance. The article’s motivation is to examine the elements of the IAD framework and decompose the constitutive components of data policy in smart cities, obtaining principles that guide data governance in complex situations of digital transformation. The article is a theoretical essay to discuss data policy in smart cities and how policy design understands dilemmas and conflicts of collective action motivated by data control.

Resumen Este artículo examina la política basada en datos para ciudades inteligentes y cómo el Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) constituye una herramienta para analizar el diseño de la gobernanza de datos y de la política de datos. El examen realizado en el artículo parte de la premisa de que la política basada en datos, que sustenta las iniciativas de ciudades inteligentes, incorpora dilemas de acción colectiva e impacta directamente en el diseño de las políticas y de la gobernanza de datos. La motivación para la elaboración del artículo fue examinar los elementos del IAD framework y descomponer los componentes constitutivos de la política de datos en las ciudades inteligentes, para luego derivar de ellos los principios que guían la gobernanza de datos en situaciones complejas de transformación digital. El artículo es un ensayo teórico que pretende generar discusiones sobre la política de datos en las ciudades inteligentes y cómo el diseño de políticas entiende los dilemas y conflictos de la acción colectiva motivados por el control de datos.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence of factors related to healthcare-associated infections, caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, in a pediatric intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective case-control study conducted from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2018, in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The study was carried out at the pediatric intensive care unit of a high-complexity, tertiary care general hospital. The study included patients aged 1 month to 19 years, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, diagnosed as healthcare-associated infections. Results There was significant evidence of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with immunosuppressed patients (p<0.001), in whom the likelihood of multidrug-resistant bacteria infection was estimated to be nine-fold higher than among non-immunosuppressed patients (OR 8.97; 95%CI 2.69-29.94). In the analysis of multiple logistic regression model, we observed that immunosuppressed patients had an 8.5-fold higher chance of multidrug-resistant bacteria infection when compared to non-immunosuppressed patients (OR 8.48; 95%CI 2.54-28.35; p=0.001). There is evidence of association between the Case Group and presence of Gram-positive (p=0.007), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (p<0.001), and Gram-negative (p=0.041) microorganisms. Conclusion The immunocompromised-state variable is a factor related to healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the Case Group presented higher proportions of Gram-positive microorganisms and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a força, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com câncer em comparação com valores preditos em indivíduos saudáveis, bem como determinar se força e capacidade funcional são capazes de predizer a qualidade de vida dessa população. Foram avaliados 50 indivíduos com câncer, de acordo com força (dinamômetro Crown), capacidade funcional (teste de AVD-Glittre) e qualidade de vida (SF-36). Os resultados foram comparados aos valores de referência preditos em indivíduos saudáveis, pareados por idade e sexo, pelo teste two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para avaliar as relações entre as variáveis, e a regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para avaliar se força e capacidade funcional são capazes de predizer a qualidade de vida. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,01) para força, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida entre indivíduos com câncer e o predito em indivíduos saudáveis. Bem como, uma correlação significativa entre força e capacidade funcional (ρ=-0,58; p<0,01), entre força e qualidade de vida (ρ=0,46; p<0,01), e qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional (ρ=-0,51; p<0,01). A análise de regressão demonstrou que a capacidade funcional é preditora da qualidade de vida, sendo capaz, sozinha, de explicar 20% (R2=0,195) dessa variável. Assim, indivíduos com câncer apresentaram diminuição significativa na força, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida se comparados ao predito. Além disso, todas essas variáveis estão correlacionadas em indivíduos com câncer, principalmente, a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in individuals with cancer, compared with predicted values of healthy individuals, as well as to determine whether strength and functional capacity predict quality of life in this population. Fifty individuals with cancer were evaluated according to strength (dynamometer Crown), functional capacity (Glittre ADL test) and quality of life (SF-36). Results were compared with predicted reference values for healthy individuals, matched for age and gender, by the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate whether strength and functional capacity predict quality of life. There is significant difference (p<0.01) for strength, functional capacity, and quality of life, between individuals with cancer and the predicted in healthy individuals. There was a significant correlation between strength and functional capacity (ρ=-0.58; p<0.01), strength and quality of life (ρ=0.46; p<0.01), and quality of life and functional capacity (ρ=-0.51; p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that functional capacity is a predictor of quality of life and, alone, can explain 20% (R2=0.195) of this variable. Thus, individuals with cancer showed significant decrease in strength, functional capacity, and quality of life, when compared to predicted values. Moreover, all these variables are correlated, mainly functional capacity and quality of life.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la fuerza, la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida de los individuos con cáncer en comparación con los valores pronosticados en individuos sanos, así como determinar si la fuerza y la capacidad funcional son capaces de predecir la calidad de vida de esta población. Se evaluaron a cincuenta individuos con cáncer según la fuerza (dinamómetro Crown), la capacidad funcional (prueba de AVD-Glitro) y la calidad de vida (SF-36). Los resultados se compararon con los valores de referencia predichos en individuos sanos, pareados por edad y sexo, por la prueba two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para evaluar las relaciones entre las variables, y la regresión lineal múltiple para evaluar si la fuerza y la capacidad funcional son capaces de predecir la calidad de vida. Hubo una diferencia significativa (p<0,01) para la fuerza, la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida entre los individuos con cáncer y la predicha en los individuos sanos. Además de una correlación significativa entre fuerza y capacidad funcional (ρ=-0,58; p<0,01), fuerza y calidad de vida (ρ=0,46; p<0,01), y calidad de vida y capacidad funcional (ρ=-0,51; p<0,01). El análisis de regresión mostró que la capacidad funcional es predictora de la calidad de vida, pudiendo explicar, por sí sola, el 20% (R2=0,195) de esta variable. Así los individuos con cáncer tuvieron una disminución significativa en la fuerza, la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida en comparación con lo predicho. Además, todas estas variables están correlacionadas con individuos con cáncer, sobre todo la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Antiresorptive therapy is the main form of prevention of osteoporotic or fragility fractures. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively rare but severe adverse reaction to antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs. Physicians and dentists caring for patients taking these drugs and requiring invasive procedures face a difficult decision because of the potential risk of MRONJ. The aim of this study was to discuss the risk factors for the development of MRONJ and prevention of this complication in patients with osteoporosis taking antiresorptive drugs and requiring invasive dental treatment. For this goal, a task force with representatives from three professional associations was appointed to review the pertinent literature and discuss systemic and local risk factors, prevention of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis, and management of established MRONJ. Although scarce evidence links the use of antiresorptive agents in the context of osteoporosis to the development of MRONJ, these agents are considered a risk factor for this complication. Despite the rare reports of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis, the severity of symptoms and impact of MRONJ in the patients' quality of life make it imperative for health care professionals to consider this complication when planning invasive dental procedures.

ABSTRACT Hypovitaminosis D is a common condition with a negative impact on health. This statement, prepared by experts from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, includes methodological aspects and limitations of the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] for identification of vitamin D status, and identifies individuals at increased risk for deficiency of this vitamin in whom 25(OH)D measurement is recommended. For the general population, 25(OH)D levels between 20 and 60 ng/mL are considered normal, while individuals with levels below 20 ng/mL are considered to be vitamin D deficient. This statement identifies potential benefits of maintaining 25(OH)D levels > 30 ng/mL in specific conditions, including patients aged > 65 years or pregnant, those with recurrent falls, fragility fractures, osteoporosis, secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, or cancer, and individuals using drugs with the potential to affect the vitamin D metabolism. This statement also calls attention to the risk of vitamin D intoxication, a life-threatening condition that occurs at 25(OH)D levels above 100 ng/mL

RESUMO A Medida Provisória nº 870/2019, que alterou a Lei Orgânica de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e extinguiu o Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, tem trazido graves consequências à população brasileira, em especial, àqueles em situação de maior vulnerabilidade. Esta nota científica traz reflexões sobre a trajetória do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, as repercussões de sua extinção no último ano e o projeto de desmonte das políticas de proteção social no Brasil, com graves desdobramentos no momento em que o país atravessa uma crise de saúde pública em decorrência da pandemia da Covid-19. A ausência do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e a fragilização do conjunto de políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional tem mobilizado a sociedade civil para a defesa do direito humano à alimentação, da soberania alimentar e da própria democracia. A resistência dos diferentes movimentos sociais para manutenção dos espaços de participação da sociedade civil nas políticas públicas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional ainda será longa e árdua, demandando a continuidade da vocalização e fortalecimento de redes de parceria nos diferentes movimentos da sociedade civil organizada. Por fim, destaca-se que a recomposição do Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, com todas as suas instâncias, e das demais políticas sociais, constitui uma necessidade premente para que as consequências negativas da pandemia sejam evitadas ou atenuadas e o Estado cumpra com as suas obrigações para a garantia dos direitos da população brasileira.

ABSTRACT The Provisional Measure 870/2019, which amended the Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security and extinguished the Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (National Council for Food and Nutrition Security), has brought serious consequences to the Brazilian population, especially for the most vulnerable. This scientific note brings reflections on the trajectory of the Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, the repercussions of its extinction in the last year, and the project to dismantle social protection policies in Brazil, with serious consequences at a time when the country is going through a crisis in public health due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The absence of the Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional and the weakening of the set of policies for Food and Nutritional Security has mobilized the civil society to defend the human rights to food, food sovereignty, and to democracy itself. The resistance of the different social movements in order to maintain the spaces of civil participation related to Food and Nutrition Security public policies are still going to be long and arduous, demanding the continued vocalization and strengthening of partnership networks within the different movements of the organized civil society. Finally, we highlight the urgent need for restoration of the National System of Food and Nutritional Security (Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional) with all its instances, and of other social policies, so that the negative consequences of the pandemic are avoided or mitigated and the State complies with its obligations to guarantee the rights of the Brazilian population.

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar a avaliação da situação de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional do universo dos municípios de um estado brasileiro. Métodos A avaliação ocorreu por meio de uma matriz de análise e julgamento pactuada em oficinas de consenso, com 7 dimensões, 11 subdimensões, 27 indicadores e 59 medidas. Os dados foram coletados no nível municipal, em distintas bases públicas, utilizando como caso o estado de Santa Catarina. Os municípios foram classificados segundo sua situação de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em ruim, regular, bom ou ótimo. Resultados Dos 295 municípios, 65,4% foram avaliados como ruins ou regulares. A dimensão melhor avaliada foi Processos Permanentes de Educação, Pesquisa e Formação em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, seguida por Sistemas de Produção Agroecológica e Abastecimento Sustentáveis de Alimentos e Acesso Universal à Água. As dimensões de Alimentação e Nutrição em Todos os Níveis de Atenção à Saúde, Acesso Universal à Alimentação Adequada e Avaliação e Monitoramento apresentaram os piores resultados. A dimensão de Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais não pode ser avaliada pela indisponibilidade de dados desagregados para o nível municipal. Conclusão A avaliação apontou a necessidade de olhar com cautela para a realidade dos municípios catarinenses, permitindo qualificar as políticas públicas no contexto da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Almeja-se contribuir com o debate sobre a avaliação e auxiliar a gestão para o fortalecimento das políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional nos municípios brasileiros.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the food and nutrition security situation of all municipalities of a Brazilian state. Methods The investigation was conducted using an assessment matrix developed through consensus workshops. The matrix is composed of 7 dimensions, 11 subdimensions, 27 indicators, and 59 items. Data were collected at the municipal level from different public databases using the state of Santa Catarina as the case study basis. Municipalities were classified according to their food and nutrition security situation as poor, fair, good, or excellent. Results Of the 295 Santa Catarina municipalities, 65.4% were rated as poor or fair in terms of food and nutrition security. The best-rated dimension was Continuing education, research, and training in food and nutrition security, followed by Agroecological production and sustainable food supply and Universal access to water and sanitation. The dimensions with the worst results were Food and nutrition at all levels of healthcare, Universal access to adequate food, and Assessment and monitoring. The dimension Traditional peoples and communities could not be evaluated because data were not available at the municipal level. Conclusion This study evidenced the need for a careful examination of the reality of Santa Catarina municipalities, as it made it possible to qualitatively characterize public policies within the context of food and nutrition security. The findings may contribute to the debate on evaluation and assist managers in strengthening food and nutrition security policies in Brazilian municipalities.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a expansão do número de nutricionistas e aspectos do mercado de trabalho do profissional na última década Métodos Ensaio crítico realizado com base em revisão da literatura e em dados oficiais fornecidos pelos Conselhos e outras entidades da profissão. Resultados Houve um aumento médio de 8.248 nutricionistas por ano, no período de 2010 a 2017, com manutenção do maior contingente de profissionais na região Sudeste. Em 2017 existiam 126.539 nutricionistas registrados nos dez conselhos regionais do país, praticamente o dobro de 2009 (60.554 nutricionistas). Apesar da ausência de pesquisa nacional sobre o perfil do nutricionista desde 2006, estudos regionais ou locais mostraram que mais da metade dos profissionais buscou a continuidade da formação. Em 2018 o Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas atualizou as áreas de atuação com detalhamento em subáreas, segmentos e subsegmentos. Equipamentos públicos de segurança alimentar, atenção básica e nutrição esportiva são exemplos dos novos campos de atuação. No período de análise houve aumento de 58,9% do piso salarial, no entanto, ainda abaixo da média nacional e de outras profissões da saúde, e com maior jornada de trabalho. Atualmente o piso salarial nacional do nutricionista é de R$2.558,05. Conclusão Além do aumento no número de profissionais, houve ajustes na legislação trabalhista específica, bem como reposicionamento geográfico, diversificação e ampliação do mercado de trabalho. É necessário avançar na atuação, principalmente no que tange ao entendimento mais ampliado e holístico da profissão.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the increase in the number of nutritionists and the aspects of the job market in the last decade. Methods Critical test based on literature review and official data provided by nutrition councils and other entities. Results There was an average yearly increase of 8,248 nutritionists in the period from 2010 to 2017, having the largest contingent of professionals concentrated in the Brazilian Southeast region. In 2017 there were 126,539 nutritionists registered in the country’s ten regional councils, practically twice as much as in 2009 (60,554 nutritionists). Even though the last nationwide research on the profile of nutritionists was performed in 2006, the production of local studies showed that more than half of the professionals voluntarily continued their education after graduating. In 2018 the Federal Council of Nutritionists updated the areas of work with details divided in subareas, segments and subsegments. Public spaces for food security, primary health care and sports nutrition are examples of new fields for the nutritionist. In the period of analysis there was an increase of 58.9% of the wage floor, however, still below the national average and other health professionals, and with longer working hours. The current wage floor for nutritionists is R$2,558.05. Conclusion In addition to the increase in the number of professionals, there were adjustments in specific labor legislation, as well as geographical repositioning, diversification and expansion of the job market. It is necessary to move ahead, mainly in what concerns a more extended and holistic understanding of the profession.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the control of Colletotrichum spp. in ‘Kumagai’ guava and on the fruit physical-chemical attributes. For this purpose, three assays were carried out. For the first assay, fruit were exposed to ethanol vapor (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mL∙kg-1), applied in hermetic containers. On the second, ethanol was applied by immersion for 2 minutes in different concentrations (20, 30, 40, and 50%). On the last assay, fruit were immersed in 30, 40, and 50% ethanol for 2, 5, and 10 minutes. Fruit that were not exposed to volatile (first assay) or water treated (second and third assay) were used as control. In all assays, guavas were first inoculated with a conidial suspension of Colletotrichum spp. and after 2 hours, fruit were subject to ethanol. Fruit were stored at 25 °C / 80% RH for 8 days and assessed for incidence, rot severity and physical-chemical properties. Conidial germination and mycelial growth of Colletotrichum spp. were evaluated on in vitro assays. It was observed that 40 and 50% of ethanol, applied by fruit immersion for 2 min, reduced incidence and anthracnose severity with no changes in the guava physical-chemical attributes, when fruit were stored at 25 °C. Applied as a vapor, ethanol reduced only the incidence, but did not reduce anthracnose severity in guavas stored at 25 °C. Under cold storage, fruit treated with 40% ethanol exhibited a reduction of 19% in anthracnose severity. In vitro, ethanol vapor at 70 and 140 µL∙L-1 inhibited Colletotrichum spp. mycelial growth rate and when incorporated in potato-dextrose-agar, ethanol (30, 40 and 50%) inhibited Colletotrichum spp. mycelial growth rate and conidial germination.