Rapid recognition of the sources of drugs can provide some valuable clues and the basis for determining the nature of the case. A novel recognition method was put forward to identify the sources of heroin drugs rapidly and non-destructively by using a hand-held near infrared (NIR) spectrometer and a multi-layer-extreme learning machine (ML-ELM) algorithm. In contrast to traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were the highest for the proposed ML-ELM algorithm. The prediction accuracy of the ML-ELM algorithm was 25.33, 20.00, 17.33% higher than that of LDA, SVM and ELM algorithm, respectively, for 4 cases. The ML-ELM models for recognizing the different sources of heroin drugs had the best generalization ability and prediction results. The experimental results indicated that the combination of the hand held NIR technology and ML-ELM algorithm can recognize the different sources of heroin drugs rapidly, accurately, and non-destructively on the spot.

Abstract Knowledge base is a very important database for knowledge management, which is very useful for Question Answering, Query Expansion and other AI tasks. However, due to the fast-growing knowledge on the web and not all common knowledge expressed in the text is explicit, the knowledge base always suffers from incompleteness. Recently many researchers are trying to solve the problem as link prediction, only using the existing knowledge base, however, it is just knowledge base completion without adding new entities, which emerges from unstructured text not in existing knowledge base. In this paper, we propose a multimodal deep neural network framework that trying to learn new entities from unstructured text and to extend the knowledge base. Experiments demonstrate the excellent performance.