Abstract Introduction: To describe and analyze the existing perception about job satisfaction (SL) and quality of life (QoL) of Spanish resident doctors in the months which follow the end of the state of alarm due to COVID-19 and one year after that. Method: A Descriptive-correlational study, being the Spanish residents the target population who was asked, using an online form, in two periods (1st from 11/01 to 12/31, 2020 and 2nd between 11/01 and 12/31, 2021). For SL, the Font-Roja questionnaire was used and for QoL, the WHOQOL-BREF (both using a 5-point Likert scale). Results: 404 residents responded (1st cut) and 411 (2nd cut). The results for the global SL showed Rho = 0.09; p = 0.081, without differences between their means (-0.07; p = 0.090). The global QoL, measured through the questionnaire, evinced a low correlation between both cut-offs (Rho = 0.10; p = 0.041), with variations between their means (-0.14; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In relation to SL, no association was revealed between the two periods studied. Regarding QoL, more positive data were found in the 2nd period, both in self-perceived QoL and in the global result of the questionnaire.

Resumen Introducción: Describir y analizar la percepción existente acerca de la satisfacción laboral (SL) y la calidad de vida (CV) de los/las médicos/as residentes españoles/as en los meses posteriores a la terminación del estado de alarma por la COVID-19 y al año de la misma. Método: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, siendo la población diana los/las residentes españoles/as a quienes se preguntó, mediante formulario online, en dos cortes (1º de 01/11 al 31/12 de 2020 y 2º entre 01/11 y 31/12 de 2021). Para la SL se utilizó el cuestionario Font-Roja y para la CV el WHOQOL-BREF (ambos mediante escala Likert de 5 valores). Resultados: Respondieron 404 residentes (1er corte) y 411 (2º corte). Los resultados para a SL global mostraron Rho = 0,09; p = 0,081, sin diferencias entre sus medias (-0,07; p = 0,090). La CV global, medida a través del cuestionario, indicó baja correlación entre ambos cortes (Rho = 0,10; p = 0,041), con diferencias entre sus medias (-0,14; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: En relación a la SL no se constató asociación entre los dos periodos estudiados. Respecto a la CV se evidenciaron mejores datos, en el 2º corte, tanto en la CV autopercibida como en el resultado global del cuestionario.

Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to present a theoretical-relational model for basic business principle components from the perspective of internal auditing knowledge management. Data is gathered from different economic sectors by applying a mixed methodological approach that includes a Likert perception variables survey and the Pearson's regression model. The sample is composed of 360 employees in the footwear, leather, and leather goods manufacturing sectors from the city of Bogota (Colombia). The results show that processing control practices are inefficient within productive units due to scarce knowledge on how to perform them. It is concluded that internal audit knowledge management models are insufficient since, usually, the auditor is biased and her/his role is often limited to providing results by analyzing a given evaluation.

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo teórico - relacional que aborde los componentes de los principios básicos de las organizaciones vistos desde la gestión del conocimiento en la auditoría interna. Se recurrió a la recolección de información de empresas de diferentes sectores económicos, desde un esquema metodológico mixto, a partir de la modelación matemática de regresión de Pearson, bajo la herramienta de encuestas con variables de percepción de Likert. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por 360 trabajadores del sector productivo del cuero, calzado, marroquinería, talabartería y sus derivados en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Los resultados muestran que las prácticas del proceso de control son ineficientes dentro de las unidades productivas por el escaso conocimiento de cómo se deben realizar. Se concluye que los modelos de gestión del conocimiento en las auditorías internas son insuficientes, generalmente, se sesga al auditor contratado, y la función suele limitarse a la entrega de resultados mediante un análisis según la evaluación dispuesta.

Abstract Introduction: To describe and analyze the existing perception about the factors related to job satisfaction (LS) and quality of life (QOL) of Spanish resident doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Descriptive-correlational study, the target population being the Spanish residents who were asked, using the online form, between 11/01/2020 and 12/31/2020. The Font-Roja questionnaire was used for LS and the WHOQOL-BREF for QOL (both using a 5-value Likert scale). Results: 404 residents responded, without differences by sex (p = 0.269). The LS presented a mean of 2.97 ± 0.04 and the CV of 3.27 ± 0.03. An association was observed in the LS of the first-year residents and the rest (p < 0.001). The LS was not affected by the emergency shifts, but the (QOL) for social relationships (p = 0.042). The relationship between SL and (QOL) was good (Rho = 0.53, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The tutor was a reference for the resident, not the hospital management. No differences were found in relation to sex or duty shifts with the LS. First-year residents presented higher LS and (QOL), which could be due to less responsibility and less accumulated fatigue during the pandemic. The shifts on duty did affect QOL, specifically in social relationships. Poor research training was also compounded by the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: Describir y analizar la percepción existente acerca de los factores vinculados a la satisfacción laboral (SL) y la calidad de vida (CV) de los médicos residentes españoles durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. Método: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, siendo la población diana los residentes españoles a los que se preguntó, mediante formulario online, entre el 01/11/2020 y el 31/12/2020. Para la SL se utilizó el cuestionario Font-Roja y para la CV el WHOQOL-BREF (ambos mediante escala Likert de 5 valores). Resultados Respondieron 404 residentes, sin diferencias por sexo (p 0 0,269). La SL presentó media de 2,97 ± 0,04 y la CV de 3,27 ± 0,03. Se observó asociación en la SL de los residentes de primer año y el resto (p < 0,001). La SL no se afectó por los turnos de urgencia, pero sí la CV para las relaciones sociales (p = 0,042). La relación entre SL y CV fue buena (Rho = 0,53, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: El tutor fue referente para el residente, no así la dirección del hospital. No se encontraron diferencias en relación al sexo ni a los turnos de guardia con la SL. Los residentes de primer año presentaron mayor SL y CV, pudiendo deberse a su menor responsabilidad y cansancio acumulado durante la pandemia. Los turnos de guardia sí afectaron la CV, específicamente en las relaciones sociales. La escasa formación en investigación se vio asimismo agravada por la pandemia.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe how the use of digital manufacturing (DM) by project-based learning (PBL) develops disciplinary competencies linked to the application of this technology. Two tools are used for collecting information: 1) quantitative evaluation of attitudes towards digital manufacturing products and 2) academic practices in behavioral, affective, and cognitive dimensions. The sample is composed of 30 industrial design undergraduate students at the Universidad Javeriana (Colombia). The results show that 80% of the students agreed that incorporating DM to PBL has a positive influence on method design and product development. It is concluded that DM linked to PBL pedagogical strategy is a disruptive learning experience that facilitates students practice in developing a product with freedom and with unrestricted exploration of form and function.

Resumen: El propósito de este estudio es describir cómo el uso de la fabricación digital (FD) incorporada al aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) desarrolla las competencias disciplinares vinculadas a la práctica de esta tecnología. Se utilizan dos herramientas de recolección de información: 1) evaluación cuantitativa de actitudes frente a la FD de un producto, y 2) la práctica académica en las dimensiones conductual, afectiva y cognitiva. La muestra esta compuesta por treinta estudiantes universitarios de diseño industrial de la Universidad Javeriana (Colombia). Los resultados muestran que el 80% de los estudiantes están de acuerdo con que la FD incorporada al ABP influye de manera positiva en el método de diseño y desarrollo de producto. Se concluye que el recurso de la FD articulada a la estrategia pedagógica al ABP, constituye una experiencia de aprendizaje disruptivo que facilita a los estudiantes practicar el desarrollo de un producto con libertad en la exploración irrestricta de la forma y la función.

Abstract Objective: To review the scientific literature related to the effects of occupational exposure to risk factors for skin neoplasms in fishery workers. Method: Critical analysis of the papers recovered through systematic review from en MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). STOROBE guidelines were followed to evaluate their quality. Results: After attributing inclusion and exclusion criteria to the search, 11 articles were accepted for review and critical analysis. In 7 of them, a statistically significant association was obtained between skin neoplasia and occupational exposure in fishermen. Conclusions: Despite having found studies that were significant in terms of the relationship of malignant lesions and exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the workplace, some of them did not control possible biases, therefore the results should be taken with caution.

Resumen Objetivo: Revisar la literatura científica relacionada con los efectos de la exposición ocupacional a factores de riesgo para neoplasias cutáneas en trabajadores del sector pesquero. Método: Análisis crítico de los trabajos recuperados mediante revisión sistemática en MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). Se evaluó la calidad de los artículos seleccionados mediante el cuestionario STROBE. Resultados: Al atribuir los criterios de inclusión y exclusión a la búsqueda, se aceptaron 11 estudios para su revisión. En 7 de ellos, se obtuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre neoplasia cutánea y exposición ocupacional. Conclusiones: Se observa una relación entre lesiones malignas y exposición a radiación ultravioleta en el ámbito laboral, no obstante, la existencia de posibles sesgos hace que los resultados deban de tomarse con precaución.

Resumo Introdução: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço corresponde à sexta causa de morte por câncer no mundo; seu tratamento pode envolver cirurgia, quimio e/ou radioterapia, a cirurgia pode acarretar sequelas mutiladoras, pode alterar a autoimagem do paciente. Assim, o câncer de cabeça e pescoço é muitas vezes ligado ao estigma negativo, com diminuição da qualidade de vida. Poucos instrumentos avaliam o estigma social e a vergonha percebidos por pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) para o português/Brasil. Método: Fizeram-se duas traduções independentes (do inglês para o português) por dois profissionais fluentes na língua inglesa. Após a síntese das traduções, duas retrotraduções independentes (do português para o inglês) foram feitas por dois tradutores cuja língua materna é o inglês. Todas as traduções foram analisadas criticamente por um comitê de especialistas composto por cinco membros. Uma amostra de 15 pacientes respondeu à versão em português/Brasil da SSS para o pré-teste. Nessa etapa, os pacientes puderam sugerir modificações e avaliar o entendimento dos itens. Resultados: Não houve necessidade de alteração da escala após essa fase. A partir das etapas anteriores, obteve-se a versão em português/Brasil da SSS, denominada de Escala de Vergonha e Estigma. Conclusão: A versão em português/Brasil da SSS se mostrou apta para ser aplicada na população com câncer de cabeça e pescoço; portanto, as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento serão avaliadas na etapa seguinte.

Abstract Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide and its treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The surgical procedure may cause mutilating sequelae, that can alter patient self-image. Thus, head and neck cancer is often connected to the negative stigma with decreased quality of life. Few studies assess the social stigma and shame perceived by patients with head and neck cancer. Objective: To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil). Methods: Two independent translations (English into Portuguese) were carried out by two professionals fluent in the English language. After the synthesis of the translations, two independent back-translations (from Portuguese into English) were performed by two translators whose native language is English. All translations were critically assessed by a committee of experts consisting of five members. A sample of 15 patients answered the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSS to carry out the pretest. At this step, the patients were able to suggest modifications and evaluate the understanding of the items. Results: There was no need to change the scale after this step. Based on the previous steps, we obtained the Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSS, which was called "Escala de Vergonha e Estigma". Conclusion: The Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSP was shown to be adequate to be applied to the population with HNC and, therefore, the psychometric properties of the tool will be evaluated during following steps.

Introducción: La promoción de la donación voluntaria y altruista de sangre se convierte en una estrategia de reclutamiento y seguridad de componentes sanguíneos. Objetivo: Conocer los principales aspectos socioculturales relacionados con la donación voluntaria de sangre descritos por promotores de la donación de un Banco de sangre categoría A de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo trasversal, por medio de la aplicación de una encuesta a 52 promotores de la donación de la Fundación Hematológica Colombia, se les solicito que según su experiencia clasificaran según género de la población los aspectos socioculturales evaluados. El análisis de los datos se hizo bajo supuestos de normalidad en todos los casos. Resultados: La edad promedio de los promotores fue de 26±5,25 (IC95% 24,52-27,46), en la distribución de los imaginarios sociales descritos por los promotores fue; "miedo a las agujas" fue predominante para el género masculino en un 55,77% (n=29), mientras que para el género femenino fue "Aumento o pérdida de peso" en un 45,28% (n=24), los aspectos que motivan a las personas a la donación "colaboración" en un 33% (n=17) seguido del "altruismo" en un 29% (n=15). Discusión: Dentro de los motivos para la donación se encontró que los promotores describen que el sexo femenino realiza la donación principalmente por "Compromiso Social", mientras que el sexo masculino lo hacen por "Beneficio propio", de igual manera se encuentra que el principal imaginario social es el "Aumento de peso" en las mujeres y "Miedo a las agujas" en hombres.

Introduction: The promotion of voluntary, unpaid donation of blood becomes a recruitment strategy and safety of blood components. Objective: To identify cultural aspects related to voluntary blood donation promoters described by donating a category Blood Bank city of Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: This was a transversal study, through the implementation of a survey to 52 promoters of Hematology Foundation grant Colombia, were asked to rank according to their experience of the population by gender sociocultural evaluated. The data analysis was made under assumptions of normality in all cases. Results: The average age of the promoters was 26±5.25 (95%CI 24.52 to 27.46), in the distribution of social images was described by the promoters, "afraid of needles" was predominant male gender in 55.77% (n=29), while for the female gender was "weight gain or loss" in 45.28% (n=24), the aspects that motivate people to donation "collaboration" by 33% (n=17) followed by "altruism" by 29% (n=15). Conclusions: Among the reasons for the donation was found that developers described that females performed mainly by donation "Social Commitment", while males do so for "personal gain", just as it is the main social imaginary is the "weight gain" in women and "Fear of needles" in men.

Introducción: una preocupación importante para las parejas sometidas a tratamientos de reproducción asistida con gametos donados es la posibilidad de adquirir enfermedades infecciosas o la transmisión de enfermedades genéticas a la descendencia. Existen reportes, basados en la legislación de cada país y en la experiencia de cada centro, que hacen referencia al tipo de evaluación genética, infecciosa y psicológica que deben tener los donantes de gametos. En Colombia no existe una ley específica sobre las técnicas de reproducción asistida y la donación de gametos. Tampoco existe claridad acerca de si los donantes deberían ser evaluados genéticamente y con qué tipo de pruebas. Objetivo: el objetivo de este documento es hacer una reflexión sobre la pertinencia de evaluar genéticamente a los donantes de gametos a partir de la caracterización de las principales condiciones genéticas prevalentes en nuestra población, la alteración genética de base y el método actual de diagnóstico genético. Conclusión: se concluye que es necesario desarrollar un protocolo claro a nivel nacional y en los centros de reproducción asistida a cerca de la evaluación genética en los pacientes donantes de gametos.

Introduction: A major concern for pairs undergoing assisted reproduction treatment with donated gametes is the possibility of acquiring infectious diseases or transmitting genetic diseases to their offspring. Some reports have been based on the legislation of each country and each centre’s experience referring to the type of genetic infectious and/or psychological evaluation which gamete donors must undergo. There is no specific law in Colombia about assisted reproduction and/ or gamete donor techniques; also, there is no clarity about whether donors should be genetically evaluated and which type of test should be used for this. Objective: This document was aimed at making a reflection about the pertinence of genetically evaluating gamete donors by characterising the main genetic conditions prevailing in the Colombian population, base genetic alteration and the method currently being used for genetic diagnosis. Conclusion: It was concluded that a clear national protocol must be developed about genetic evaluation in gamete-donating patients; this should also be done in assisted reproduction centres.

La demanda de sangre hace que la donación sea una actividad constante, por lo cual, conocer la motivación para realizarla, se convierte en determinante para la formulación de estrategias que aumenten los donantes y fortalezcan los programas de la donación. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los principales motivos para la donación voluntaria en una población que asistió a un punto de recolección de Bogotá (Colombia). Se diseñó un estudio trasversal descriptivo en una muestra de 500 adultos (28,8 ± 10,4 años), 58% mujeres. La recolección de la información, se realizó aplicando una encuesta. Las variables recolectadas en el estudio fueron edad, sexo, estrato socio-económico, lugar de residencia en los últimos cinco años y principal motivo para donar sangre. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y uno bivariado, aplicando la prueba chi2. Los principales motivos de la población donante fueron la promoción de la donación (18% IC95% 14,7-21,7) y salvar vidas (14,4% IC95% 11,4- 17,8). Las personas de 25 años o más, donan sangre en mayor proporción por salvar vidas (27,7%), mientras que, los menores de 25 años lo hacen principalmente como hábito saludable (26,9%). Las personas de nivel de estrato socio-económico I y II donan motivados, principalmente, por la promoción de la donación (33,0%), mientras que las de estratos III, IV y V lo hacen por salvar vidas (38,4%). La población de estudio tiene información clara sobre los aspectos que los motivan a realizar la donación voluntaria y altruista, como la promoción de la donación, salvar vidas, entre otras.

The demand for blood donation makes it a constant activity, whereby knowing the motivational aspects for its implementation becomes a determinant in the formulation of strategies for the increase of donors and to strengthen the donation programs. The aim of this study was to establish the main motivations for voluntary donation in the population that attended a gathering point of Bogotá (Colombia). A descriptive transversal study was designed with a sample of 500 adults (28.8 ± 10.4 years), 58% female. A survey was done for data collection. The variables used were age, sex, socioeconomic status, residence for the last five years and main motive for blood donating. A descriptive and a bivariate analysis applying the chi2 test were ejecuted. The software used was Stata 11.0. The main motives for donation were the promotion (18% CI 95% 14.7-21.7) and to save lives (14.4% CI 95% 11.4-17.8). People coming from socioeconomic levels I and II donated mainly motivated by the promotion (33.0%) and those from the socioeconomic levels III, IV and V donated mainly to save lives (38.4%). The interviewed population gave clear information about the aspects that motivated voluntarily and willingly blood donation, as to promote more donations and save lives, among others.

Introducción: la donación voluntaria de sangre es un reto para los Bancos de Sangre; se pretende incrementar la recolección de componentes sanguíneos a partir de conocer los imaginarios frente al proceso. Objetivo: establecer los principales imaginarios sociales relacionados con la donación voluntaria de sangre. Metodología: se realizó un estudio trasversal descriptivo en una muestra de 100 adultos. La recolección de la información se realizó aplicando una encuesta mediante entrevista durante el periodo de julio a diciembre de 2010. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, procedencia, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo y principal imaginario relacionado con la donación de sangre. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo; el software utilizado fue Epi Info versión 3.5.1 Resultados: el principal imaginario de las mujeres fue "subir de peso" con el 70,59%, mientras que para los hombres fue "La sangre es comercializada" con un 36.36%. Discusión: la edad descrita en el estudio y los aspectos socioculturales se comportan según lo determinado; los imaginarios sociales los establece principalmente el sexo femenino con el aumento de peso. Conclusiones: los imaginarios sociales hacen que los sujetos tengan una mayor predisposición negativa hacia la donación voluntaria de sangre.

Introduction: the voluntary donation of blood is a challenge for blood banks; it is intended for blood donations to be increased, once the preconceptions in the process become known. Objective: establish the main social preconceptions related to the voluntary donation of blood. Methods: a descriptive transversal study of a sample of 100 adults. The data was gathered through the application of surveys conducted during the months of July to December of 2010. The variables were: age, sex, origin, social andfinancial status, level of education and main preconceptions related to the donation of blood. A descriptive analysis was conducted; the software used was Epilnfo version 3.5.1. Results: the main preconception for women was "gaining weight" with a 70.59%, while for men it was "blood is commercialized" with a 36.36%. Discussion: the age described in the study and the social and cultural aspects behave according to those predetermined; the social preconceptions are established mainly by the feminine gender with the weight increase. Conclusion: the social preconceptions allow for the subjects to have a greater negative predisposition towards donating blood.

Introdução: a doação voluntária de sangue é um desafio aos Bancos de Sangue; pretende-se incrementar a coleta dos componentes sangüíneos, a partir do conhecimento dos imaginários frente ao processo. Objetivo: estabelecer os principais imaginários sociais relacionados com a doação voluntária de sangue. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo numa amostra de 100 adultos. A coleta da informação foi feita com a aplicação de questionários de julho a dezembro de 2010. As variáveis foram idade, sexo, procedência, extrato socio-econômico, nível educativo e principal imaginário relacionado com a doação de sangue. Foi feita uma análise descritiva; o software utilizado foi Epi Info versão 3.5.1. Resultados: o principal imaginário das mulheres foi "aumentar o peso" com 70,59%. Para os homens foi "o sangue é comercializado" com 36,36%. Discussão: a idade descrita no estudo e os aspectos socioculturais se comportam segundo o determinado: os imaginários sociais são estabelecidos principalmente pelo sexo feminino com o aumento de peso. Conclusões: os imaginários sociais fazem com que as pessoas tenham uma predisposição negativa à doação voluntária de sangue.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a experiência de gestores na inclusão de pessoas com deficiência PcDs em suas equipes. A intenção foi identificar e analisar os processos de aprendizagem e as competências desenvolvidas pelos gestores para lidar com o universo da PcD, a partir dos modelos teóricos de Sandberg 2000 , Cheetham e Chivers 1996, 2005 e Cox e Baele 1997 . Seguindo os pressupostos do paradigma interpretativista e do estudo qualitativo básico MERRIAM, 2002 , foram analisadas as experiências de inclusão de seis gestores e seis PcDs a eles subordinadas, com deficiências moderadas a severas, em cinco empresas paulistas, multinacionais, dos segmentos editorial, energia, tecnologia diesel, agronegócios e automotivo. O principal instrumento de coleta de dados foi entrevistas em profundidade, complementadas por análise documental e observações diretas. A análise dos dados revelou que, para os gestores, o ato de incluir está mais relacionado à questão da justiça social do que à ideia de empoderamento da PcD. Tal interpretação os levou a priorizar o desenvolvimento de dois tipos de competências: comportamentais e de éticas e valores. O principal processo de aprendizagem identificado para o desenvolvimento dessas competências foi o experiencial, o que levou os gestores a revisar seus conceitos, questionar e modificar suas crenças e, em consequência dessa reflexão, repensar sua forma de gerenciar. Os resultados pretendem contribuir para a discussão sobre o tema a partir de uma nova perspectiva: o gestor como agente de inclusão.

This research aimed to study the experience of managers in the inclusion of persons with disabilities (DP) in their teams. The intention was to identify and analyze the processes of learning and skills developed by managers to deal with the universe of DP, based on theoretical models of Sandberg (2000), Cheetham and Chivers (1996, 2005) and Cox and Baele (1997). Following the assumptions of the interpretative paradigm and of the basic qualitative study (MERRIAM, 2002), we analyzed the experience of including six managers and six DP under their direction, with moderate to severe disabilities in five firms in Sao Paulo, multinational ones, from the segments of publishing, energy, diesel technology, automotive and agribusiness. The main instrument for data collection was in-depth interviews, supplemented by documentary analysis and direct observations. Data analysis revealed that, for the managers, the act of including is more related to social justice issues than the idea of DP empowerment. Such interpretation led them to prioritize the development of two types of skills: behavioral and ethics and values. The main learning process identified for developing these skills was the experiential, which led the managers to revise their concepts, interrogate and modify their beliefs and, as a result of this reflection, revise their way of managing. The results are intended to contribute to the discussion on the topic from a new perspective: the manager as agent of inclusion.

With the objectives of dengue prevention, health promotion, and action-based research, two experiments were conducted in pilot areas of Buenos Aires and Vicente López, Argentina. In each area, community, government, and non-governmental references were identified. The study included an entomological survey (with ovitraps), environmental survey (with field observations, interviews, and workshops), and social survey (using questionnaires, interviews, and meetings). Spaces for dialogue and collaboration were developed with the community, thereby spawning participatory activities and empowerment. Environmental reordering and reduction of mosquito breeding sites were promoted by: incorporation of environmental issues and vector-borne disease prevention into the school curricula; neighborhood workshops; training of environmental agents to transmit information and train peers; and planning community environmental projects. The households were visited, seeking to integrate the residents into their own community environmental diagnosis. There were significant differences between the pilot areas in knowledge and social practices, but not according to socioeconomic status. The schools and health promotion settings proved to be the main community reference for promoting healthy environmental practices.

Con objetivos de prevención de dengue, promoción de la salud e investigación-acción se desarrollaron dos experiencias en zonas piloto de Buenos Aires y Vicente López. En cada zona se identificaron referentes comunitarios, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Se realizó un diagnóstico entomológico (mediante ovitrampas), ambiental (con observaciones en terreno, encuestas y talleres), y social (utilizando cuestionarios, entrevistas y reuniones). Se construyeron espacios de diálogo y trabajo conjunto con la comunidad, generando acciones participativas y empoderamiento. Se fomentó el ordenamiento ambiental y la reducción de criaderos de mosquitos a través de incorporación de temas ambientales y prevención de enfermedades vectoriales a los currícula escolares; talleres vecinales de difusión; capacitación de promotoras ambientales para transmitir información y para capacitar a pares; planificación de proyectos ambientales de la comunidad. Se entró en los domicilio, buscando integrar a sus habitantes en el diagnóstico ambiental propio y comunitario. Se registraron diferencias significativas entre conocimientos y prácticas sociales, para ambas zonas piloto, pero no por nivel socioeconómico. Las escuelas y los entornos de promoción de salud resultaron ser los principales referentes comunitarios para fomentar prácticas ambientales saludables.

With the objectives of dengue prevention, health promotion, and action-based research, two experiments were conducted in pilot areas of Buenos Aires and Vicente López, Argentina. In each area, community, government, and non-governmental references were identified. The study included an entomological survey (with ovitraps), environmental survey (with field observations, interviews, and workshops), and social survey (using questionnaires, interviews, and meetings). Spaces for dialogue and collaboration were developed with the community, thereby spawning participatory activities and empowerment. Environmental reordering and reduction of mosquito breeding sites were promoted by: incorporation of environmental issues and vector-borne disease prevention into the school curricula; neighborhood workshops; training of environmental agents to transmit information and train peers; and planning community environmental projects. The households were visited, seeking to integrate the residents into their own community environmental diagnosis. There were significant differences between the pilot areas in knowledge and social practices, but not according to socioeconomic status. The schools and health promotion settings proved to be the main community reference for promoting healthy environmental practices.

Con objetivos de prevención de dengue, promoción de la salud e investigación-acción se desarrollaron dos experiencias en zonas piloto de Buenos Aires y Vicente López. En cada zona se identificaron referentes comunitarios, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Se realizó un diagnóstico entomológico (mediante ovitrampas), ambiental (con observaciones en terreno, encuestas y talleres), y social (utilizando cuestionarios, entrevistas y reuniones). Se construyeron espacios de diálogo y trabajo conjunto con la comunidad, generando acciones participativas y empoderamiento. Se fomentó el ordenamiento ambiental y la reducción de criaderos de mosquitos a través de incorporación de temas ambientales y prevención de enfermedades vectoriales a los currícula escolares; talleres vecinales de difusión; capacitación de promotoras ambientales para transmitir información y para capacitar a pares; planificación de proyectos ambientales de la comunidad. Se entró en los domicilio, buscando integrar a sus habitantes en el diagnóstico ambiental propio y comunitario. Se registraron diferencias significativas entre conocimientos y prácticas sociales, para ambas zonas piloto, pero no por nivel socioeconómico. Las escuelas y los entornos de promoción de salud resultaron ser los principales referentes comunitarios para fomentar prácticas ambientales saludables.

O objetivo nesta pesquisa é entender os significados atribuídos às experiências de inclusão de gestores e PcDs (Pessoas com Deficiência) a eles subordinadas nas relações de trabalho cotidianas em grandes organizações. Seguindo a proposta dos estudos qualitativos básicos ou genéricos de Merriam, conduziu-se um estudo em cinco empresas paulistas que adotam políticas formais de diversidade e inclusão: três instituições do setor financeiro (um banco nacional privado, um banco multinacional e um banco nacional público), uma empresa do mercado editorial e uma organização pública do setor de transporte. Embora os resultados apontem que, a despeito de todos os avanços, o discurso e a prática da inclusão nas organizações nem sempre conciliam o respeito à diferença com igualdade de oportunidades, e que as experiências se concentram no paradigma de suporte e serviços, muito mais do que no paradigma de empoderamento da PcD, o estudo contribui para o entendimento do que é inclusão e quais suas implicações para PcDs, gestores e para a própria organização.

The objective of this research is to understand the meaning related to the inclusion experiences of managers and their People with disabilities (PwD) subordinates within the everyday working relation at great organizations. Following the basic or generic qualitative studies by Merriam, an investigation was conducted at five 'Paulista' organizations which adopted formal diversity and inclusion policies: three from the financial sector (one Private National Bank, one Multinational Bank and a Public Bank), a publishing market company and a public organization of the transport sector. Although the results highlights that, in spite of all the advances, the discourse and the praxis of inclusion at great organizations do not always conciliate the respect to the difference with opportunity equalities, and that the experiences are concentrated in the paradigm of support and services, much more than the paradigm of empowerment of PwD, the study contributes to the understanding of what is inclusion and its implications for PwD, managers and even to the organization.