Resumen Un canino, macho, Caniche Miniatura de 18 meses de edad, concurrió a consulta neurológica por presentar convulsiones, depresión del sensorio, problemas en la marcha y posible ceguera. Al examen clínico reveló adelgazamiento, bradisfigmia, ataxia además de un estado de estupor con poca respuesta a estímulos. Al examen neurológico presentó atrofia muscular generalizada, dismetría en miembros torácicos y marcha en círculos pequeños, propiocepción negativa en miembros pélvicos, reflejos espinales con signos de Neurona Motora Superior (NMS) en los cuatro miembros, y dolor de cuello. A la evaluación de los nervios craneanos se observó respuesta de amenaza negativa en ambos ojos, el resto de los pares craneanos no mostraron alteraciones. La radiografía de tórax y de columna cervical y la ecografía abdominal no mostraron ninguna alteración. De acuerdo a los signos neurológicos y a la reseña del paciente se realizó el diagnóstico presuntivo de Meningoencefalitis granulomatosa (MEG), confirmada luego por anatomía patológica.

Summary A male, canine, miniature Poodle, 18-month-old, attends to neurological consultation as a result of seizures, depression state, gait problems, and possible blindness. Clinical examination revealed thinning, slow pulse, ataxia in addition to a state of stupor with little response to stimuli. The neurological examination showed generalized muscle atrophy, dysmetria in the thoracic limbs, walk in closed circles, negative proprioception in pelvic limbs, spinal reflexes with signs of Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) in the four limbs, and neck pain. Negative threat response was observed in both eyes, while the rest of the cranial nerves showed no alterations. Toracic and cervical spine x - ray and abdominal ultrasonography showed no alterations. According to the neurological signs and the patient's report, the presumptive diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) was performed. This was confirmed later through pathological anatomy.

Resumo Aluminato de níquel (NiAl2O4) foi preparado utilizando quitosana como precursor polimérico e uma solução amoniacal como um agente de precipitação. Além disso, sais de nitrato de níquel e de nitrato alumínio foram empregados como fontes de Ni e Al, em quantidades estequiométricas (razão molar Ni:Al = 1:2). Partículas de NiAl2O4 foram preparadas em diferentes temperaturas de calcinação e as suas propriedades foram investigadas. Os sólidos sintetizados foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, espectroscopia de infravermelho, microscopia de força atômica, análise termogravimétrica e isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de nitrogênio. Os resultados mostraram que o processo de tratamento térmico influencia fortemente sobre formação da fase espinélio NiAl2O4. Partículas de aluminato de níquel, com uma estrutura porosa e com alta área superficial, foram obtidas em temperaturas superiores a 700 °C.

Abstract Nickel aluminate oxide (NiAl2O4) was prepared using chitosan as polymeric precursor and ammonia solution as a precipitating agent. In addition, nickel nitrate and aluminum nitrate salts were used as sources of Ni and Al, under stoichiometric amounts (molar ratio Ni:Al = 1:2). NiAl2O4 particles were prepared at different calcination temperatures and their properties were investigated. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the thermal treatment process strongly influence on the formation of a single-phase structure of NiAl2O4 spinel. Nickel aluminate spinel with a porous structure and high surface area was obtained at temperatures above 700 ºC.

Em face à predominante eliminação biliar da rifamicina S.V. atingindo concentrações muitas vêzes superiores aos níveis séricos obtidos com as doses terapêuticas, e pelo possível interêsse dessa verificação para o tratamento dos portadores biliares crônicos de Salmonella typhi determinou-se a concentração mínima inibitória de 165 estirpes de enterobactérias, incluindo 77 amostras de S. typhi. Foi verificado que a maioria das cepas de Escherichia coli, Shigella e Proteus mirabilis correspondiam a uma concentração inibitória mínima entre 33 a 65 μg/ml. Entre 65 e 128 μg/ml foram determinadas as concetrações inibitórias mínimas da maioria das outras espécies de Proteus, de Providencia e de Klebsiella. Para Salmonella e Enterobacter o limite mínino de sensibilidade foi, em regra, igual ou superior a 128 μg/ml. Diferenças mais acentuadas de comportamento entre as enterobactérias foram observadas quanto à ação bactericida da rifamicidas S.V. De uma maneira geral, para E. coli e Shigella, as concentrações inibitórias mínimas já referidas. Para as espécies de Proteus e Providencia houve variação maior de comportamento, mas tendência a que o efeito bactericidas fôsse encontrado em concentrações que correspondiam a 4 vêzes as bacteriostáticas para as mesmas espécies. Finalmente, de modo pouco feliz para os propósitos visados, em Salmonella, com a inclusão de S. typhi, não foi atingido um efeito bactericida, com as mais altas concentrações usadas as quais corresponderam em média a 6 vêzes as concentrações bacteriostáticas para esse gênero.

From the initial investigations on the antibacterial spectrum of rifomycin S.V it was found that, contrary to the high sensitivity of the gram-positive bacteria, most gram-negative rods were relatively resistant to this antibiotic. Nevertheles rifomycin concentrations which inhibited the majority of the biliary tract of man and experimental animals, as rifomycin is concentrated and eliminated through the bile. These facts suggested the need of defining the bacteriostatic and bactericidal levels of rifomycin S.V., against pathogenic gram-negative enteric organisms, because of the importance of the Salmonella carriers and the unsolved problems of their treatment - and since some divergence were found in the few available reports on their sensitivity to rifomycin. Seventy seven strains of Salmonella typhi, and 88 other strains which included representative straign of most groups among the Enterobacteriaceae, were tested. The serial dilution technique in a tryptose- phosphate-glucose- broth was adopted. Most the Escherichia coli, Shigella and Proteus mirabilis cultures were inhibited within the range of 33-65 μg/ml of rifamycin S.V. whereas the mean concentrations for inhibition of most strains of other groups of enteric bacteria including the remaining species of Proteus, Klebsiella and Providencia cultures varied between 65 and 128 μg/ml of rifomycin. For Salmonella and Enterobacter in most cases the minimal inhibitory concentration was 128 μg/ml. More striking differences among the tested bacterial groups were found as related to the bactericidal action of rifomycin S.V. For Shigella and E. coli strains the bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of rifomycin S.V. closely paralleled each other. As to the four Proteus species and Providencia strains, in spite of some variability in most instances the bactericidal concentrations was four times greater than the minimal inhibitory one. Finally, and unfortunately for the above mentioned purposes, in relation to Salmonella (S. typhi included) when given a 6 times large concentraction than the already high minimal inhibitory concentrations observed, such a concentration did not kill the strains tested.