ABSTRACT Since the industrial revolution, human activities have emitted approximately 2,500 Gt of CO2, increasing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 by 50 % compared to pre-industrial levels. To better understand the potential for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through proper management of degraded pasture areas, we conducted a systematic literature review and identified 23 publications reporting carbon sequestration values for pastures managed under different conditions in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. From this dataset, 17 publications considered to be in line with the research premises were selected to estimate the potential for soil carbon sequestration (SEQ) through pasture recovery in the southern region of Brazil, using conservative and regenerative agricultural management practices. Results show that managed pastures can sustain carbon sequestration rates of around 2.50 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 over approximately 20 years. However, due to the numerous variables influencing SEQ rates, the limited number of publications, and the lack of data for some variables among them, a more extensive analysis of publications and data is needed to establish causal and preponderance relationships regarding the effect of each variable on the found SEQ rates. Under current pasture occupation conditions in Brazil’s south region, it is estimated these areas could sequester between 0.433 and 1.273 Gt CO2 at the end of 20 years if managed under appropriate practices. These numbers are not representative to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration from legacy emissions and significantly mitigate physical impacts of climate change, reinforcing the importance of prioritizing the reduction of global GHG emissions as the primary mitigation strategy. On the other hand, from the perspective of mitigating the national agricultural sector’s annual GHG emissions, this potential cannot be considered negligible. Carbon sequestration by soils under agricultural management can play a vital role in mitigating climate change, integrating the set of necessary solutions and actions for a Paris Agreement goals compatible trajectory of limiting global warming to between 1.5 and 2 °C by the end of the century. revolution 2500 500 2,50 CO 5 preindustrial pre levels (GHG Brazil dataset 1 (SEQ practices 250 2.5 ha1 ha ha- yr1 yr yr- However them Brazils s 0433 0 433 0.43 1273 273 1.27 change strategy hand sectors sector negligible 15 1. century 2,5 25 2. 043 43 0.4 127 27 1.2 2, 04 4 0. 12

Resumen La utilización de sistemas de manejo conservacionistas como los sistemas silvopastoriles y el pastoreo racional Voisin se han mostrado óptimas alternativas para promover mayor bienestar animal, aumentar la eficiencia del sistema de producción y mejorar los atributos químicos de los suelos de pastoreo degradados. En este sentido, este trabajo evaluó el efecto del Sistema Silvopastoril con Núcleos arbóreos de alta biodiversidad (SSPNÚCLEOS) en la dinámica de los atributos químicos del suelo, comparando con pastoreo racional Voisin sin árboles (PRV), áreas de bosque primario y bosque secundario adyacentes. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los niveles de carbono orgánico total, nitrógeno total, pH, Al, H + Al, Ca, Mg, K y P. Se muestrearon en las capas de 0-5, 5-10, 10- 20, 20-30 y 30-40 cm el suelo de las áreas con SSPNÚCLEOS, PRV, bosque primario y bosque secundario. El SSPNÚCLEOS presentó mejoras de la calidad del suelo, aumentando los niveles de P y K (0-30 cm) en relación a los demás tratamientos, así como mayores niveles de carbono orgánico y nitrógeno (5-30 cm) en relación al PRV y bosque secundario. En cuanto a la capacidad de acumulación de carbono, en las capas de 5-10 cm y 20-40 cm, el SSPNÚCLEOS se igualó el área de bosque primario, pero fue superior a los demás tratamientos. El SSPNÚCLEOS se mostró prometedor para mejorar los atributos químicos de los suelos de pastoreo.

Abstract The use of conservation managements such as the silvopastoral system, and the Voisin rational grazing system have been excellent alternatives to increase animal welfare and production efficiency and improve soil chemical attributes of degraded pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluatethe effect of a High Biodiversity Silvopastoral System (SPSNUCLEUS) on the soil chemical attributes through comparisons with soils of a Intensive Grazing Management without trees (IGM), primary forest, and secondary forest areas. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, Al, H+Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P were evaluated after four years of implementation of SPSNUCLEUS. Soil samples from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm were collected in all areas-SPSNUCLEUS, MIG, primary forest, and secondary forest. SPSNUCLEUS had better soil quality, with increased P and K contents (0 30 cm), compared to the other areas, and higher total organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents (5-30 cm) when compared to the MIG and secondary forest areas. The soil carbon accumulation capacity in the SPSNUCLEUS area in the layers of 5-10 cm and 20-40 cm was similar to that of the primary forest area, and higher to those of the other areas. SPSNUCLEUS proved to be a promising system to improve the soil chemical attributes of pastures.

Resumo: É um desafio compatibilizar dados em grandes escalas com as características de dinamismo presentes no uso da terra. Tal dinamismo requer dados com alta repetição de amostragem. Uma alternativa é a integração de dados de alta resolução espacial e baixa resolução temporal, com aqueles de alta resolução temporal e baixa resolução espacial. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em integrar fotografias aéreas com séries temporais de índices de vegetação para o mapeamento de cobertura e uso da terra em escala de grande detalhe. Foi conduzido um estudo de caso em Santa Rosa de Lima-SC. O principal insumo utilizado foi o aerolevantamento que recobriu o Estado de Santa Catarina, realizado em 2010/2011. A chave de interpretação levou em consideração elementos típicos de fotointerpretação (cor, textura, tamanho, forma) e interpretação das séries temporais dos índices de vegetação, visando classificar os tipos de cobertura e uso da terra. A avaliação do mapeamento resultou em 75,6% de exatidão global, variando de 54% (Pastagens e Áreas Úmidas) a 96% (Corpos d`água e Afloramento Rochoso). Tais resultados são considerados satisfatórios. A integração de imagens de alta resolução espacial com dados de alta resolução temporal possibilitou a discriminação entre classes que apresentam grandes dificuldades de separabilidade. Tais discriminações são essenciais nos processos de gestão territorial da Encosta da Serra e do município de Santa Rosa de Lima.

Abstract: It is challenging to reconcile large scale data with the dynamic characteristics present in land use. Such dynamism requires data with a high repetition of sampling. An alternative is the integration of data of high spatial resolution and low temporal resolution, with that of high temporal resolution and low spatial resolution. The aim addressed in this article is related to the integration of aerial photographs and temporal series for land use and land cover mapping in high detail scale. We conducted a case study in Santa Rosa de Lima-SC. The main data used was the aerial survey that overlaid the state of Santa Catarina, executed in 2010/2011. The interpretation key included typical elements of photointerpretation (color, texture, size, shape), aiming to classify the land use and land cover classes. The mapping evaluation resulted in 75.6% global accuracy, ranging from 54% (Grassland and Wetlands) to 96% (Water Bodies and Rocks). Such results are considered satisfactory. The integration of high-resolution images with high temporal resolution data has enabled the discrimination between classes that present great difficulties of separability. Such discrimination is essential in the territorial management processes of Encosta da Serra and the municipality of Santa Rosa de Lima.