Abstract Both root canal sealer-based and supplementary protocols may influence removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment. Mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars were prepared using HyFlex EDM 25/.08, and filled with a calcium silicate sealer (Bio-C Sealer), or an epoxy resin (AH Plus), using the single cone technique (n = 12). Retreatment was performed using ProDesign Logic (PDL) RT and PDL 35/.05. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 12), and the sealers were distributed similarly. A supplementary protocol was performed with PDL 50/.01 or XP-endo Finisher. Root canal transportation and volume, in addition to the remaining filling material percentage were evaluated using high-resolution (5 µm voxel size) micro-CT. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests (α = 0.05). Root canals filled with AH Plus presented high residual filling material (p < 0.05). Both protocols decreased residual volume of filling material in the apical third (p < 0.05). PDL 50/.01 increased the apical root canal volume (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the systems regarding canal transportation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus is more difficult to remove from the apical third than Bio-C Sealer. PDL 50/.01 and XP-endo Finisher enabled greater removal of filling materials in the apical third, in the retreatment of curved root canals, without promoting apical transport. sealerbased based 2508 25 08 25/.08 BioC Bio C Sealer, Sealer , Sealer) Plus, Plus) n 12. 12 . 12) (PDL 3505 35 05 35/.05 12, similarly 5001 50 01 50/.0 XPendo XP endo highresolution resolution 5 ( size microCT. microCT micro CT. CT micro-CT ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p conclusion transport 250 2 25/.0 1 350 3 35/.0 500 50/. 00 0.0 25/. 35/. 50/ 0. 25/ 35/

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the filling capacity of ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brazil) or powder-liquid BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) using curved artificial canals by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Additionally, flow (mm) and flow area (mm2) were evaluated for both materials. Acrylic resin main canal (60° curvature and 5 mm radius, with 3 lateral canals in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds) were prepared up to size 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brazil). The agitation method was used with ultrasonic tip (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brazil): BCS, BCS/US, BR, and BR/US. All specimens were filled using the single-cone technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT (8,74 µm) after obturation. The percentage of filling material and voids were calculated. Flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 standards (mm) and area (mm2). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). BR/US showed lower percentage of filling material in the lateral canals than and, BCS/US (p<0.05). BR/US resulted in a higher percentage of voids than BR in the lateral apical third (p<0.05). BCS showed higher flow than BR (p<0.05). BCS and BR presented proper filling capacity in the simulated curved canals regardless of the use of ultrasonic agitation. However, BR/US showed more voids in the apical third. BCS demonstrates higher filling ability. readytouse ready silicatebased silicate BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brazil powderliquid powder liquid (BR Septodont SaintMaurdesFossés, SaintMaurdesFossés Saint Maur des Fossés, Fossés Saint-Maur-des-Fossés France microcomputed micro computed microCT. microCT CT . (micro-CT) Additionally (mm mm2 (mm2 materials 60° 60 (60 radius cervical middle thirds 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brazil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS singlecone single cone technique 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturation calculated 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) However ability (micro-CT 6 (6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 00 0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 ( 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da agitação ultrassônica na capacidade de preenchimento de cimento pronto para uso à base de silicato de cálcio Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brasil) ou pó-líquido BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur -des-Fossés, França) utilizando canais artificiais curvos por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Adicionalmente, escoamento (mm) e área de escoamento (mm2) foram avaliados para ambos materiais. Please, replace the sentence highlighted in yellow to: O canal principal de resina acrílica (curvatura de 60° e raio de 5 mm, com 3 canais laterais nos terços cervical, médio e apical) foi preparado até o tamanho 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brasil). O método de agitação foi utilizado com ponta ultrassônica (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brasil): BCS, BCS/US, BR e BR/US. Todos os espécimes foram obturados usando a técnica de cone único. As amostras foram escaneadas por micro-CT (8,74 µm) após obturação. A porcentagem de material obturador e vazios foram calculados. O escoamento foi avaliado com base nas normas ISO 6876/2012 (mm) e área (mm2). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α = 0,05BR/US apresentou menor percentual de material obturador nos canais laterais que BCS e BCS/US (p<0,05). BR/US resultou em maior porcentagem de vazios que o BR no canal lateral do terço apical (p<0,05). BCS apresentou maior escoamento que BR (p<0,05)." BCS e BR apresentaram capacidade de preenchimento adequada nos canais curvos simulados independente do uso de agitação ultrassônica. No entanto, BR/US apresentou mais vazios no terço apical. BCS demonstra maior capacidade de preenchimento. BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brasil pólíquido pó líquido BR, (BR Septodont SaintMaur Saint Maur desFossés, desFossés des Fossés, Fossés -des-Fossés França microCT. microCT micro CT . (micro-CT) Adicionalmente mm (mm mm2 (mm2 materiais Please to curvatura 60 cervical 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brasil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS único 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturação calculados 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 005BRUS 0 05BR p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) entanto (micro-CT 6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 ( 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Introduction Repair materials must have low solubility. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) allows simulating clinical condition and interaction with dentin may be important for the correct evaluate of mass loss of bioceramic cements. Objective To evaluate the effect of distilled water (DW), or PBS immersion on the solubility of Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) or MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) using a dentin tube model. Material and method Bovine dentin tubes with a length of 4 mm, an internal diameter of 1.5 mm and walls thickness of approximately 1 mm were made. The specimens were immersed in DW for 24h, then filled with BCR or MTAHP (n = 14) and stored in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 24h. After being weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass, the specimens were immersed in DW (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 7) for 28 days. Empty tubes also were used for calculating the mass loss of the dentin (n=4). After this period, the specimens were weighed until stabilization of the final mass occurred (0.001g). The solubility of each material was evaluated. ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests were performed (α=0.05). Result BCR and MTAHP showing gain of mass in DW and mass loss in PBS (p<0.05). Conclusion The immersion solution influenced the solubility of BCR and MTAHP using dentin tube model. The new methodological proposal could be an alternative to ISO standards for testing the solubility of bioceramic cements. (PBS cements DW, , (DW) BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP model 15 5 1. made 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 7 0 2 days n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) period 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g 001g (0.001g) evaluated α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) (DW 3 9 6. 7. n= (n=4 (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (n= α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Resumo Introdução Materiais reparadores devem apresentar baixa solubilidade. Solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) permite simular condição clínica e interação com dentina pode ser importante para correta avaliação da perda de massa de cimentos biocerâmicos. Objetivo Avaliou o efeito da imersão em água destilada (AD) ou PBS na solubilidade de Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) ou MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Material e método Tubos de dentina bovina foram confeccionados com 4 mm de comprimento, 1,5 mm de diâmetro interno e 1 mm aproximadamente de espessura de parede. Os espécimes foram imersos em AD por 24h, posteriormente preenchidos com BCR ou MTAHP (n = 14) e armazenados em estufa a 37°C e umidade 95% por 24h. Após serem pesados em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial, os corpos de prova foram imersos em AD (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 7) por 28 dias. Tubos vazios também foram utilizados para o cálculo de perda de massa da dentina (n=4). Após esse período, os espécimes foram pesados até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). A solubilidade de cada material foi avaliada. Testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados (α=0,05). Resultado BCR e MTAHP apresentaram ganho de massa em AD e perda de massa em PBS (p<0,05). Conclusão A solução de imersão influencia a solubilidade de BCR e MTAHP usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Nova proposta metodológica poderá ser uma alternativa às normas ISO para testar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. (PBS biocerâmicos (AD BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP comprimento 15 5 1, parede 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 inicial pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 7 0 2 dias n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) período 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g 001g (0,001g) avaliada α=0,05. α005 α α=0,05 05 (α=0,05) p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) 3 9 6, 7, n= (n=4 (0,001g α00 α=0,0 (α=0,05 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 (n= α0 α=0, (α=0,0 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 α=0 (α=0, p<0 (p<0, α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Abstract Introduction Calcium silicate-based sealers demonstrate greater solubility in distilled water. The use of alternative methodologies can help at better understanding the solubility of these materials. Objective To evaluate the effect of the immersion solution and the type of experimental model on the solubility of ready-to-use Bio-C Sealer. Material and method Circular models of polyethylene or bovine dentin (n = 16) were made. After insertion of the sealer, the specimens were kept in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 48h. Subsequently, the samples were weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass. Next, the specimens were immersed in 7.5 mL of distilled water (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 8) for 28 days. After that, the samples were removed from the solutions and weighed every 24 hours until the final mass stabilized (0.001g). Test specimens made with Bio-C Sealer were used as a control. Solubility was evaluated according to the difference between the initial and final mass in percentage. Two-Way ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc tests were performed (α=0.05). Result Immersion in distilled water provided greater solubility compared to PBS regardless of the experimental model (p<0.05). The test specimens showed greater solubility, followed by polyethylene and dentin models immersed in distilled water (p<0.05). There was no difference between the experimental models immersed in PBS (p>0.05). Conclusion Bio-C Sealer presents significantly greater solubility in distilled water than in PBS under all conditions. Experimental model using bovine dentin and PBS as an immersion solution demonstrates reduction in the mass loss of Bio-C Sealer and can be a valuable alternative for evaluating the solubility of bioceramic sealers. silicatebased silicate based materials readytouse ready BioC Bio C n 16 sealer 37C 37 95 48h h Subsequently Next 75 7 5 7. pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 0 8 2 days that 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g . 001g (0.001g) control percentage TwoWay Two Way posthoc post hoc α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) conditions 1 3 9 6. (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p< (p> (α (p

Resumo Introdução Cimentos endodônticos à base de silicato de cálcio demonstram maior solubilidade em água destilada. Emprego de metodologias alternativas pode auxiliar em melhor compreensão sobre a solubilidade desses materiais. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da solução de imersão e do tipo de modelo experimental na solubilidade de cimento pronto para uso Bio-C Sealer. Material e método Modelos circulares de polietileno ou dentina bovina (n = 16) foram confeccionados. Após inserção do cimento, os espécimes foram mantidos em estufa a 37 °C por 48 horas. Posteriormente, as amostras foram pesadas em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial. Na sequência, os espécimes foram imersos em 7,5 mL de água destilada (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 8) por 28 dias. Após isso, as amostras foram removidas das soluções e pesadas a cada 24 horas até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). Corpos de prova confeccionados com Bio-C Sealer foram empregados como controle. A solubilidade foi avaliada de acordo com a diferença entre a massa inicial e final em porcentagem. Teste ANOVA Two-Way e teste post-hoc de Tukey foram realizados (α = 0,05). Resultado Imersão em água destilada proporcionou maior solubilidade em comparação com PBS, independentemente do modelo experimental (p < 0,05). Corpos de prova apresentaram maior solubilidade, seguidos dos modelos de polietileno e dentina imersos em água destilada (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os modelos experimentais imersos em PBS (p > 0,05). Conclusão Bio-C Sealer apresenta solubilidade significativamente maior em água destilada do que em PBS em todas condições. Modelo experimental empregando dentina bovina e PBS como solução de imersão demonstra diminuir a perda de massa de Bio-C Sealer e pode ser uma alternativa valiosa para avaliar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. materiais BioC Bio C n 16 3 4 Posteriormente sequência 75 7 5 7, pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 0 8 2 dias isso 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g . 001g (0,001g) controle porcentagem TwoWay Two Way posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) p condições biocerâmicos 1 6, (0,001g 00 0,0 0,

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) voxel size on the evaluation of debris accumulation after passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in curved root canals prepared with rotary nickel-titanium files. Mesial root canals (n = 24) of mandibular molars with curvature between 25° and 35° were prepared using ProDesign Logic 30/.05 (PDL) or HyFlex EDM 25/.08 (HEDM). PUI was performed after root canal preparation of all root canals. The specimens were scanned using high-resolution (5 μm voxel size) micro-CT imaging before and after experimental procedures. The percentage of debris was analyzed in the middle and apical thirds using images with 5, 10 and 20 μm voxel sizes. Data were compared using unpaired and paired Student's t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests (α = 0.05). There were no differences among the debris analyses performed at different voxel sizes (5, 10 and 20 μm) (p > 0.05). The percentage of debris was similar between the root canals prepared by PDL and HEDM before and after PUI (p > 0.05). In both groups, the percentage of debris decreased in the middle third after PUI (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this ex vivo study, it can be concluded that the voxel sizes evaluated did not have a significant impact on the analysis of accumulated debris. However, the results showed a tendency for detection of more debris in the analysis performed using a lower voxel size. PUI decreased the debris accumulation in the middle third of curved root canals.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling ability of a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer using thermoplastic or single-cone technique in flattened root canals. Twenty-four flattened distal canals of mandibular molars with a buccolingual diameter 4 or more times larger than the mesiodistal diameter were selected. The root canals were prepared and filled (n = 12), according to the following techniques: thermoplastic or single-cone technique using Bio-C Sealer. The teeth were scanned using Skycan 1176 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) - voxel size 8.74 µm, before and after filling the root canal. The percentage of voids in the filled root canals was evaluated, and the data were statistically analyzed using the unpaired t-test (α = 0.05). The root canals filled using the thermoplastic technique created a smaller percentage of voids in the cervical/middle thirds than those filled using the single-cone technique (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the percentage of voids using either technique in the apical third (p > 0.05). The flattened root canals in the cervical/middle thirds were better filled using the ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer associated to the thermoplastic technique, compared with the single-cone technique. In the apical third, the techniques showed similar filling ability.