ABSTRACT The present research aimed to analyze the motor skills of healthy children aged six to 12 years, identify potential factors associated with deficits in motor performance and synthesize the instruments used for assessment. The descriptors used were: healthy child; healthy children; motor skills; psychomotor performance and motor performance in English, Portuguese and Spanish in Scielo, Lilacs and Pubmed databases. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality analysis. The search was restricted to original articles from observational studies published between 1997 and 2018. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instruments. Results: In the initial search, 4746 references were found, and 165 full articles were read, resulting in 11 articles for fine review after using the exclusion criteria. The girls showed worse performance. The instruments used were: Test for Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2); Koperkoordination test fur Kinder (KTK); Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2); and Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC). TGMD-2 and KTK assess gross motor skills, whereas the MABC and MABC-2 tests also assess fine motor skills. This literature review showed that the motor skills of healthy children aged 6 to 12 years were considered satisfactory in five studies and that six children had a motor delay. The most frequent was the Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2).

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as habilidades motoras de crianças saudáveis de seis a 12 anos, identificar potenciais fatores associados aos déficits no desempenho motor e sintetizar os instrumentos usados para avaliação. Os descritores utilizados foram: criança saudável; crianças saudáveis; habilidade motora; desempenho psicomotor e desempenho motor, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Dois revisores realizaram a seleção dos estudos, extração de dados e análise da qualidade. A busca foi restrita a artigos transversais publicados entre 1997 e 2018. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pelo Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Na busca inicial encontrou-se 4.746 referências, foram lidos 165 artigos, resultando em 11 artigos para a revisão final. As meninas demonstraram pior desempenho. Os instrumentos encontrados foram: Test for Gross Motor Development Second Edition-TGMD2; Koperkoordination test fur Kinder-KTK; Movement Assessment Battery for Children-MABC e Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition-MABC-2. Os testes MABC e MABC-2 avaliam além de motricidade grossa também motricidade fina. As habilidades motoras de crianças de seis a 12 anos foram consideradas satisfatórias em cinco estudos e em seis as crianças apresentaram atraso motor. O TGMD2 foi o instrumento o mais frequente.

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to analyze the intra- and inter-rater reliability in the assessment and classification of the longitudinal plantar arch of children from 6 to 10 years old in the eyes-open (EO) testing condition. Methods: A total of two-hundred and seventy-eight Brazilian children (556 feet), boys and girls, from 6 to 10 years of age participated in the study. The children’s feet were examined on a baropodometric platform, and the Staheli index was used for calculating the plantar arch index. Footprint analyses were performed at two different times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days, by three physical therapists in a single testing condition, resulting in 3,336 footprints. To determine the reliability of the continuous measurements, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), Standard error of the mean (SEM), absolute value and percentage, and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) were calculated. To determine the reliability of the longitudinal arch classification, inter-rater reliability was evaluated by Weighted Fleiss Kappa Coefficient and the test-retest reliability was estimated by Weighted Cohen Kappa Coefficient. Results: Regarding inter-rater reliability, we observed values of ICC ranging from 0.79 to 0.96; thus, the results were classified as substantial to excellent reliability), being the lowest ICC values occur for line B, mainly in the first assessments. SEM ranges from 0.08 to 0.21 (percentage: 3.74 to 28.7), being the best, the lowest SEM values occur for Plantar Arch Index assessments and the MDC varies between 0.22 and 0.59. Regarding intra-rater reliability, the results indicated excellent reliability: values of ICC range from 0.92 to 0.99, being the lowest ICC values also occurs for line B analysis. SEM ranges from 0.03 to 0.20 (percentage: 2.32 to 26.6), being the lowest SEM values occur for Plantar Arch Index assessments and MDC varies between 0.09 and 0.54. Analyzing the inter-rater reliability for the longitudinal arch classifications, we observed values of Weighted Fleiss Kappa Coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.87, expressing almost perfect agreement among the raters before and after evaluations. The test-retest reliability of the longitudinal arch classification resulted in values of Weighted Cohen Kappa Coefficient ranging from 0.80 to 0.996, expressing substantial to almost perfect agreement intra-rater. Conclusion: The study showed high reliability in the clinical assessment of the longitudinal plantar arch index of children from 6 to 10 years of age indicating that the Staheli method is applicable to pressure platform assessments with intra- and inter-rate reliability.