Introduction Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have demonstrated good efficacy in preventing relapse and in increasing survival of patients affected by a variety of both solid and hematological tumors. Most protocols used to generate these cells involve the automated separation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients. This approach requires specialized equipment, which elevates the cost of this type of therapy, potentially limiting the widespread access to patients. Method: In this study, we compare the yield and quality of dendritic cells generated from monocytes and isolated by an automated method or by manual methods using gradient centrifugation. Results The results demonstrate the equivalence of the 3 methods in relation to the yield and final quality of the product, however with considerable differences between the costs of these procedures. In addition, this study also demonstrates the feasibility of the antigenic pulse with autologous tumor cell lysates, constituting a source of antigens, not only easily obtained and manipulated, but also specific to the patient's tumor. Conclusion These findings may have important implications for emerging centers interested in using this medical approach and potentially increase the access of a greater number of patients to this therapeutic option. DC (DC tumors equipment therapy Method centrifugation product procedures addition lysates antigens manipulated patient s option

ABSTRACT Introduction: uterine sarcomas are a varied group of infrequent mesenchymal (mesodermal) neoplasms; with a range of characteristics that depends on the histological subtype and tumor grade. Objective: to clinically and pathologically characterize the malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus that were diagnosed in the Pathological Anatomy Department of the "Mariana Grajales" Hospital in the period from January 2010 to December 2017. Methods: a developmental, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional investigation was carried out at the "Mariana Grajales" Gynecobstetric Hospital in the period from September 2015 to September 2018. The study population was made up of all the patients who were An excisional biopsy was performed in the period from January 2010 to December 2017, with a diagnosis of malignant mesenchymal tumor. Results: endometrial stromal sarcoma, leiomyosarcomas and adenosarcomas predominated. Smooth muscle tumors, endometrial stromal tumors, and miscellaneous mesenchymal tumors predominated in premenopausal women, whereas mixed tumors predominated in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: sarcomas occurred more frequently in the uterine body, with a polypoid growth pattern. Poor prognostic factors showed significant values. The epithelioid leiomyosarcomas were large, in most of the tumors there was no evidence of lymphovascular invasion. In endometrial stromal tumors, the low mitotic index predominated, with little invasion of the myometrium.

RESUMEN Introducción: los sarcomas uterinos resultan un variado grupo de neoplasias mesenquimales (mesodérmicas) infrecuentes; con un rango de características que depende, del subtipo histológico y del grado tumoral. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y anatomopatológicamente los tumores mesenquimales malignos del útero que se diagnosticaron en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital “Mariana Grajales” en el período de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2017. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, descriptiva, de tipo observacional y transversal en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico “Mariana Grajales” en el período comprendido de septiembre de 2015 a septiembre de 2018. La población de estudio la constituyeron todas las pacientes a las que se les realizó biopsia excisional en el período comprendido de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2017, con diagnóstico de tumor maligno mesenquimal. Resultados: predominaron el sarcoma del estroma endometrial los leiomiosarcomas y los adenosarcomas. Los tumores del músculo liso, los tumores del estroma endometrial y los misceláneos mesenquimales predominaron en mujeres premenopáusicas, mientras que los tumores mixtos predominaron en las posmenopáusicas. Conclusiones: los sarcomas se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el cuerpo uterino, con un patrón de crecimiento polipoide. Los factores de mal pronóstico mostraron valores significativos. Los leiomiosarcomas epitelioides fueron de gran talla, en la mayoría de los tumores no se evidenció la invasión linfovascular. En los tumores del estroma endometrial predominó el índice mitótico bajo, con poca invasión al miometrio.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a complex and highly malignant tumor that originates in the cells of the embryonic mesenchyme with the ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. This is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor. It represents approximately 3.5% of cancer cases in children from zero to 14 years of age. A case of a virgin adolescent patient is presented. A botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina was diagnosed histologically. The clinical presentation of embryonic botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma variety is, in general, a mass that protrudes through the urethra or vaginal introitus, or the presence of fetid flow or vaginal bleeding in girls under 2 years. In these lesions, diagnostic support with immunohistochemistry is of vital importance. The prognosis of this disease is determined by variables such as tumor size, compromised organ, age of the patient, surgical result (R0 / R1) and presence of metastasis. Early and timely multidisciplinary medical evaluation will always allow an adequate diagnosis and treatment to be established.

El rabdomiosarcoma es un tumor complejo y de gran malignidad que se origina en las células de la mesénquima embrionaria con capacidad para diferenciarse en células musculares esqueléticas. Este es el tumor maligno de tejido blando más frecuente. Representa aproximadamente 3,5 % de los casos de cáncer en niños de 0 a 14 años de edad. Se presenta una paciente adolescente y virgen en la que se diagnostica histológicamente rabdomiosarcoma botrioide de la vagina. La presentación clínica del rabdomiosarcoma embrionario variedad botrioide es, en general, una masa que protruye por la uretra o el introito vaginal, o por la presencia de flujo fétido o sangrado vaginal en niñas menores de 2 años. En estas lesiones el apoyo diagnóstico con inmunohistoquímica es de vital importancia. El pronóstico de esta enfermedad está determinado por variables como el tamaño tumoral, órgano comprometido, edad del paciente, resultado quirúrgico (R0/R1) y presencia de metástasis. La evaluación médica multidisciplinaria precoz y oportuna permitirá siempre establecer un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a complex tumor of great malignity that originates in the embryonary mesenchymal cells with the capacity of differentiating into skeletal muscle cells. This is the most frequent malignant tumor in the soft tissue. It roughly represents 3.5 % of cancer in children aged 0 to 14 years. Generally, the clinical presentation of botryoid-type embryonary rhabdomyosarcoma is a mass that protrudes from the urethra or the vaginal introit or the presence of fetid fluid or vaginal bleeding in girls under 2 years-old. This is the case of a 16 years-old virgin female patient diagnosed with botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina. The diagnostic support with immunohistochemistry is of vital importance in addition to the early and timely multidisciplinary medical assessment for setting adequate diagnosis and treatment that improve the prognosis of persons suffering this disease.

El rabdomiosarcoma es un tumor complejo y de gran malignidad que se origina en las células del mesénquima embrionario con capacidad para diferenciarse en células musculares esqueléticas. Este es el tumor maligno de tejido blando más frecuente. Representa aproximadamente 3,5 % de los casos de cáncer en niños de 0 a 14 años de edad. La presentación clínica del rabdomiosarcoma embrionario variedad botrioides es, en general, una masa que protruye por la uretra o el introito vaginal, o por la presencia de flujo fétido o sangrado vaginal en niñas menores de 2 años. Se presenta el caso de un rabdomiosarcoma botrioides de la vagina diagnosticado es una paciente de 16 años y virgen. El apoyo diagnóstico con inmunohistoquímica es de vital importancia y la evaluación médica multidisciplinaria precoz y oportuna permitirá siempre establecer un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados que mejoren el pronóstico de quienes padecen esta enfermedad.

Introduction: The deciduosis is the more typical colposcopy picture of pregnancy. This term indicates a decidual ectopia. Objective: To present the clinical case of a pregnant presenting with a cervical lesion led to an ulcerated deciduosis. Results: By means of a colposcopy and later by a punch biopsy the diagnosis of ulcerated deciduosis was confirmed in a pregnant of 22.5 weeks. Conclusions: In front of that each pregnant with a cervical lesion suspected or not of malignancy, the colposcopy could be used as a diagnostic method provided that is performed by trained staff and a biopsy directed according to the case in particular.

Introducción: la deciduosis representa el cuadro colposcópico más peculiar del embarazo. El término indica una ectopia decidual Objetivo: presentar el caso clínico de una gestante con una lesión cervical que resultó una deciduosis tipo ulcerada. Resultados: mediante la colposcopia y posteriormente una biopsia por ponchamiento se confirmó el diagnóstico de deciduosis tipo ulcerada en gestante de 22,5 sem. Conclusiones: ante toda gestante con una lesión cervical sospechosa o no de malignidad, se puede utilizar la colposcopia como método diagnóstico, realizada por un personal entrenado y biopsia dirigida según el caso en particular.

The leading cause of cervical cancer is the infection with human papilomavirus. An effective program of prevention must to includes its natural history. From some systems to classify the lesions, that of Bethesda is the recommended by OMS but is not the established in Cuba. So, the women with only signs of virus infection don't seek help in the cervix pathology consultation. From 2008 in "Mariana Grajales" Teaching and Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital this classification is used and there is a consultation session for patients presenting with a low grade intraepithelial lesion. OBJECTIVE: To describe, from the results of care of these patients, the behavior followed, its evolution and the colposcopy and histology results. METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was conducted in the 186 patients from this session from January 1 to October 31, 2008 with the following variables: colposcopy images at admission, histological diagnosis, evolution cytology result and medical behavior. RESULTS: There were many normal colposcopy findings and in about a third of women with abnormal findings a biopsy was done to the fifth of patients and a surgical behavior in the tenth part. Most of evolutionary cytologies were normal. More than the half of patients was under follow-up without biopsy at the end of period. CONCLUSIONS: The low grade lesions were verified in almost the eighth part of patients and there were high grade lesions in almost the tenth part of them.

La causa fundamental del cáncer cervical es la infección con el virus del papiloma humano. Un programa eficaz de prevención debe comprender su historia natural. De varios sistemas para clasificar las lesiones, el de Bethesda es el recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, pero no es el establecido en Cuba. Así, mujeres con solamente signos de infección del virus, no se atienden en la consulta de patología de cuello. Desde 2008 en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente "Mariana Grajales" se utiliza esta clasificación y se creó una sesión de consulta para las pacientes con lesión intraepitelial de bajo grado. OBJETIVO: Describir, de los resultados de la atención a estas pacientes, la conducta seguida, su evolución y resultados colposcópicos e histológicos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo con las 186 pacientes de esta sesión, del 1º de enero al 31 de octubre de 2008, con las variables: imágenes colposcópicas al ingreso, diagnóstico histológico, resultado de la citología evolutiva y conducta médica. RESULTADOS: Hubo mayormente hallazgos colposcópicos normales y en alrededor de un tercio de las mujeres, anormales; se realizó biopsia a dos quintos de las pacientes y conducta quirúrgica a la décima parte. La mayoría de las citologías evolutivas fueron normales. Más de la mitad de las pacientes estaban en seguimiento sin biopsia al final del período. CONCLUSIONES: Las lesiones de bajo grado se confirmaron en alrededor de la octava parte de las pacientes y hubo lesiones de alto grado en aproximadamente un décimo de ellas.

A carga mecânica provoca microdeformações ósseas, que estimulam células osteoblásticas e, conseqüentemente, promovem adaptações nos ossos, muitas vezes relacionadas com uma menor reabsorção óssea e um aumento na formação óssea local. No entanto, o estímulo para formação óssea depende do número e freqüência das deformações aplicadas no osso. Concomitantemente aos estímulos ósseos providos pelas cargas mecânicas, é importante uma dieta rica em cálcio, a qual também beneficia o aumento da massa óssea. Entretanto, existem também outros métodos não farmacológicos, como o ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade, a estimulação elétrica e o laser, que já mostraram efeitos positivos na promoção da osteogênese. Assim, realizou-se um levantamento na literatura, no período de 1982 a 2001, sobre esses métodos não farmacológicos com o objetivo de avaliar tais métodos alternativos, que ajudam no aumento da massa óssea ou no estímulo à osteogênese.

Mechanical loads cause bone deformation leading to bone resorption and an increase in local bone formation. However, the stimulus for bone formation depends on the amount and frequency of bone deformation. High calcium intake is required to increase bone formation. There are also non-pharmacological treatments, such as electrical stimulation, low-intensity ultrasound, and laser, which revealed to promote osteogenesis. The article intends to evaluate non-pharmacological, alternative methods which assist in the increase of bone formation or in the osteogenic stimulus. A literature review was carried out for the period between 1982 to 2001.

A carga mecânica provoca microdeformações ósseas, que estimulam células osteoblásticas e, conseqüentemente, promovem adaptações nos ossos, muitas vezes relacionadas com uma menor reabsorção óssea e um aumento na formação óssea local. No entanto, o estímulo para formação óssea depende do número e freqüência das deformações aplicadas no osso. Concomitantemente aos estímulos ósseos providos pelas cargas mecânicas, é importante uma dieta rica em cálcio, a qual também beneficia o aumento da massa óssea. Entretanto, existem também outros métodos não farmacológicos, como o ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade, a estimulação elétrica e o laser, que já mostraram efeitos positivos na promoção da osteogênese. Assim, realizou-se um levantamento na literatura, no período de 1982 a 2001, sobre esses métodos não farmacológicos com o objetivo de avaliar tais métodos alternativos, que ajudam no aumento da massa óssea ou no estímulo à osteogênese.

Mechanical loads cause bone deformation leading to bone resorption and an increase in local bone formation. However, the stimulus for bone formation depends on the amount and frequency of bone deformation. High calcium intake is required to increase bone formation. There are also non-pharmacological treatments, such as electrical stimulation, low-intensity ultrasound, and laser, which revealed to promote osteogenesis. The article intends to evaluate non-pharmacological, alternative methods which assist in the increase of bone formation or in the osteogenic stimulus. A literature review was carried out for the period between 1982 to 2001.