ABSTRACT Baru tree (Dipteryx alata Vogel.) is a been an alternative to establish an Integration Crop-Livestock-Forestry Systems (ICLFS), combining native species preservation with sustainable food production. However, the management procedure of herbicides for weed control is one of the major limiting factors to include tree components within ICLFS. Thus, the study evaluated the tolerance of D. alata submitted to different concentrations of glyphosate on the plants, to make the introduction of this forest species in ICLFS. The treatments comprised different doses glyphosate: 0.0 (control); 960; 1920; 2880 and 3840 g a.e ha-1. Shoot height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight, as well as Dickson Quality Index and phytotoxicity were assessed. The phytotoxicity in plants varies according to the applied doses of glyphosate, with progressive yellowing in the leaves up to well-developed necrosis and leaf senescence in the highest doses. All doses tested reduced the biometric and qualitative attributes of D. alata seedlings, demonstrating that no treatment was selective, although the plants are tolerant at dose 960 g a.e ha-1 tested. Increases in doses of glyphosate do not cause the death of seedlings D. alata that shows a great potential to compose ICLFS.

RESUMO Conservar o nível desejável de qualidade do solo, especialmente prezando sua saúde e sustentabilidade, não é tarefa simples, devido aos inúmeros fatores que o influenciam. Objetivou-se mensurar a atividade alimentar da fauna do solo em sistemas de produção sob palhadas de plantas de cobertura amostradas à profundidade de 0-8,0 cm. Foi adotado delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e oito tratamentos, que corresponderam ao cultivo de soja sob palhadas de plantas de cobertura: monocultivo de milho; milho consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis; monocultivo de U. ruziziensis; sorgo consorciado com U. ruziziensis; monocultivo de sorgo; girassol consorciado com U. ruziziensis; mix (milheto + Crotalaria spectabilis + U. ruziziensis) e pousio. À profundidade de 1,0 cm, houve variação de 63,59-37,06 % no consumo entre os tratamentos, com maior consumo para o mix, em comparação ao pousio. À profundidade de 2,0-7,0 cm, o consumo não variou entre os tratamentos. Para a profundidade de 8,0 cm, o pousio apresentou o maior consumo (45,76 %; p < 0,05), em comparação ao girassol consorciado com U. ruziziensis (20,51 %), sorgo (20,58 %) e sorgo consorciado com U. ruziziensis (18,96 %).

ABSTRACT To preserve a desirable level of soil quality, especially taking into consideration its health and sustainability, is not an easy task, due to the numerous factors that influence it. This study aimed to measure the feeding activity of soil fauna in production systems under cover crop straws sampled at the depth of 0-8.0 cm. A randomized blocks design, with four replicates and eight treatments, was used, corresponding to soybean cultivation under the following cover crop straws: maize monoculture; maize intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis monoculture; sorghum intercropped with U. ruziziensis; sorghum monoculture; sunflower intercropped with U. ruziziensis; mix (millet + Crotalaria spectabilis + U. ruziziensis); and a fallow treatment. At the depth of 1.0 cm, there was a variation of 63.59-37.06 % for consumption among the treatments, with the highest consumption for the mix, if compared to the fallow treatment. At the depth of 2.0-7.0 cm, the consumption did not vary among the treatments. For the depth of 8.0 cm, the fallow treatment presented the highest consumption (45.76 %; p < 0.05), when compared to sunflower intercropped with U. ruziziensis (20.51 %), sorghum (20.58 %) and sorghum intercropped with U. ruziziensis (18.96 %).

ABSTRACT. Jiggs bermudagrass has presented competitive production potential over other forages. However, there is a lack of information about the nutritional value of this forage with important relevance in ruminant nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractionation of Jiggs bermudagrass in different seasons of the year under intermittent grazing by Holstein cows. The experiment was conducted during one year in a completely randomized design with nine replications and treatments consisted of the effect of four seasons: fall, winter, spring and summer. The results showed that there were seasonal variations in the fractions of proteins and carbohydrate, with the exception of the protein fraction B3. The better climatic conditions in spring and summer contributed to an increase in the protein fraction A and carbohydrate A+B1. The winter had a greater fraction C of protein and carbohydrate, reflecting the nutritive value of the forage. The use of irrigation during fall and winter had a positive effect on nitrogen fractions B1 and B2 and on non-fiber carbohydrates.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do consórcio de milho (Zea mays) cv. BRS 1035 com braquiária (Urochloa brizantha) e guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), no sistema de dessecação parcial. Os experimentos foram realizados na safra de verão de 2008/2009, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO e Ipameri, GO, em blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cultivos de milho, em consórcio com braquiária e guandu-anão, com a aplicação de nitrogênio mineral em cobertura, à emergência da cultura ou aos 20 dias após esse evento, com ou sem aplicação de subdose de herbicida à braquiária não dessecada. A viabilidade do sistema de dessecação parcial é dependente do manejo da adubação nitrogenada do milho ou do controle do crescimento da braquiária nas faixas não dessecadas.

The objective of this work was to assess the viability of maize (Zea mays) cultivar BRS 1035 intercropped with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in the partial desiccation system. The experiments were performed in the summer season of 2008/2009, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO and Ipameri, GO, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, with five replicates. The treatments consisted of maize intercropped with palisadegrass and pigeon pea, with mineral nitrogen application on maize, on the day of its emergence, or 20 days after this event, with or without the application of a herbicide subdose on palisadegrass not desiccated. The viability of the partial desiccation system is dependent on the nitrogen fertilizer management of corn or on the growth control of nondesiccated palisadegrass rows.