RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as coberturas vacinais (CV) da poliomielite nos municípios do Vale do Paraíba paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e exploratório de CV em 35 municípios com abordagem espacial. Os dados de CV foram obtidos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), referentes aos anos de 2015 e 2019 e categorizados em baixa (CV<95%) e ideal (≥95%). Foram obtidas informações sobre Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), taxas de profissionais, número de unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) e dados maternos como idade, estado civil (EC) e escolaridade. Foram estimados índices de Moran univariados e bivariados para os anos de 2015 e 2019 e criados mapas temáticos para valores de CV. Resultados: Os valores médios de CV foram de 107,7%±27,2 em 2015 e 94,2%±27,8 em 2019 (p<0,05). Em 2015, eram dez municípios na categoria baixa e, em 2019, eram 25 municípios. Em 2015, as variáveis CV, número de UBS, idade, escolaridade e situação marital foram correlacionadas espacialmente, mas em 2019 apenas idade materna e escolaridade foram correlacionadas espacialmente. O Moran bivariado foi significativo e negativo para CV em 2019 com escolaridade materna. Houve aumento de municípios com piora nos valores de CV. Conclusões: A abordagem espacial identificou diminuição da cobertura vacinal contra a poliomielite na região estudada. Objetivo (CV paulista Métodos Tratase Trata se 3 DATASUS, DATASUS , (DATASUS) 201 CV<95% CV95 95 (CV<95% ≥95%. ≥95% . (≥95%) PIB, PIB (PIB) profissionais UBS (UBS EC (EC Resultados 1077272 107 7 27 2 107,7%±27, 942278 94 8 94,2%±27, p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) espacialmente Conclusões estudada (DATASUS 20 CV<95 CV9 9 (CV<95 ≥95 (≥95% (PIB 107727 10 107,7%±27 94227 94,2%±27 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 CV<9 (CV<9 ≥9 (≥95 10772 1 107,7%±2 9422 94,2%±2 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 CV< (CV< ≥ (≥9 1077 107,7%± 942 94,2%± p<0 (p<0, (≥ 107,7% 94,2% p< (p<0 ( 107,7 94,2 (p< 107, 94, (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze vaccination coverage (VC) for polio in the municipalities of Vale do Paraíba in the State of São Paulo. Methods: This is an ecological and exploratory study of VC in 35 municipalities using a spatial approach; VC data were obtained from the IT Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), for the years 2015 and 2019, and categorized into Low (VC<95%) and ideal (≥95%). Information was obtained on gross domestic product (GDP), professional rates and number of basic health units (UBS) and maternal data such as age, marital status (MS) and education. Univariate and bivariate Moran indices were estimated for the years 2015 and 2019, and thematic maps were created for CV values. Results: The average VC values were 107.7%±27.2 in 2015, and 94.2%±27.8 in 2019 (p<0.05). In 2015 vs. 2019, there were 10 vs. 25 municipalities in the Low category. In 2015, the variables VC, number of UBS, age, education, and MS were spatially correlated, but in 2019 only maternal age and education were spatially correlated. The bivariate Moran was significant and negative for VC in 2019 with maternal education. There was an increase in municipalities with worsening VC values. Conclusions: The spatial approach identified a decrease in polio vaccination coverage in the studied region. Objective (VC Paulo Methods 3 DATASUS, DATASUS , (DATASUS) 201 VC<95% VC95 95 (VC<95% ≥95%. ≥95% . (≥95%) GDP, GDP (GDP) UBS (UBS (MS Results 1077272 107 7 27 2 107.7%±27. 942278 94 8 94.2%±27. p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) vs 1 category correlated Conclusions region (DATASUS 20 VC<95 VC9 9 (VC<95 ≥95 (≥95% (GDP 107727 107.7%±27 94227 94.2%±27 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 VC<9 (VC<9 ≥9 (≥95 10772 107.7%±2 9422 94.2%±2 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 VC< (VC< ≥ (≥9 1077 107.7%± 942 94.2%± p<0 (p<0. (≥ 107.7% 94.2% p< (p<0 ( 107.7 94.2 (p< 107. 94. (p

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE: To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS: There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION: An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system. BACKGROUND SARSCov2 SARSCov SARS Cov (SARS-Cov-2 impairment OBJECTIVE SARSCov2. 2. SARS-Cov-2 SETTING timeseries time series Taubaté Tremembé 202 2021 METHODS SarsCov2 SarsCov Sars Sars-Cov- date subjects discharge regression concentrations temperature humidity RESULTS 1300 1 300 1,30 36 deaths 61.7%. 617 61.7% . 61 7 (61.7%) 2504 250 4 250. 100000 100 000 100,00 284 28 28.4 lethality P 0.05 005 0 05 lag NO (NO2 1.0124 10124 0124 PM25 PM PM2 PM2. 1.0216. 10216 1.0216 0216 1.0216) μgm3 μgm μg m3 m μg/m 32 240000 240 240,00 27 190000 190 190,00 CONCLUSION system (SARS-Cov- SARS-Cov- 20 Sars-Cov 130 30 1,3 3 61.7 6 (61.7% 25 10000 00 100,0 28. 0.0 (NO 1.012 1012 012 1021 1.021 021 24000 24 240,0 19000 19 190,0 (SARS-Cov SARS-Cov 13 1, 61. (61.7 1000 100, 0. 1.01 101 01 102 1.02 02 2400 240, 1900 190, (61. 1.0 (61 1. (6 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de crianças e adolescentes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 no município de Taubaté (SP) de março a novembro de 2020. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados secundários obtidos no Setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica de casos confirmados em residentes do município e consulta de prontuários de pacientes que foram atendidos em hospitais de Taubaté, com idade entre 0 e 19 anos. Realizaram-se os testes de qui-quadrado, comparação de proporções e t de Student, sendo considerados nível de significância alfa <5%. Resultados: Notificaram-se 677 casos no período estudado, correspondendo a 10,1% do total de casos notificados no município. O teste rápido de anticorpos foi o teste mais utilizado, seguido de RT-PCR e sorologia. Sintomas foram descritos em 57,7% dos casos, sendo febre e tosse os mais frequentes. Diarreia apresentou associação com faixa etária < 4 anos, e febre, tosse, cefaleia, odinofagia, ageusia, anosmia, mialgia e dispneia tiveram associação com faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos. No período estudado, não ocorreu nenhum óbito por COVID-19 na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos de residentes do município. Conclusões: O estudo conseguiu identificar a proporção de acometimento da COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no município, e a doença teve comportamento leve e boa evolução. Os principais sintomas foram febre e tosse, destacando-se diarreia nas crianças mais jovens e cefaleia, odinofagia, anosmia, ageusia e mialgia nos adolescentes.

Abstract Objective: To describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in the Municipality of Taubaté, SP, from March to November 2020. Methods: Cross-sectional study with secondary data obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance System about confirmed cases in city residents and from medical records of patients who were treated in hospitals in Taubaté, aged between 0 and 19 years. Chi-square and Student’s t tests were used for comparisons. Results: 677 cases in the studied age range were reported during the study period, corresponding to 10.1% of cases reported in the municipality. The rapid antibody test was the most used to confirm infection, followed by RT-PCR and serology. Symptoms were described in 57.7% of the cases, mainly fever and cough. Diarrhea was associated with age below 4 years, while fever, cough, headache, odynophagia, ageusia, anosmia, myalgia, and dyspnea were associated with an age ranging from 10 to 19 years. In the study period, there were no deaths from COVID-19 of residents of the municipality in the age group from 0 to 19 years. Conclusions: The study was able to identify the proportion of involvement of COVID-19 in children and adolescents in the city, and the disease had a mild evolution. The main symptoms were fever and cough, but mainly diarrhea in younger children, and headache, odynophagia, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia in adolescents.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE: To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS: There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION: An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system.