This work describes the evaluation of the effect of saponification process in the carotenoid's content of three species of passion fruit. The results indicated the saponification of the extract was necessary to obtain cis-violaxanthin, trans-violaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin hydrolyzed. These compounds were found in fruits of commercial P. edulis and yellow wild P. edulis. However, the extract saponification did not permitted to obtain free carotenes in fruits of wild purple P. edulis and P. setacea, and to trans-violaxanthin of P. cincinnata, therefore saponification was not indicated in the carotenoid analysis of these three accessions of passion fruit.

O objetivo foi avaliar, por HPLC, a composição qualitativa e quantitativa de carotenoides em maracujás do cerrado. Frutos procedentes de acessos nativos de quatro espécies (Passiflora cincinnata, P. nitida, P. setacea e P. edulis) foram analisados, utilizando, como referência, o maracujá-amarelo comercial (P. edulis). As polpas de maracujá apresentaram neoxantina, violaxantina, cis-violaxantina, anteraxantina, luteína, zeaxantina, β-criptoxantina, poli-cis-caroteno, prolicopeno, cis-ζ-caroteno, trans-ζ-caroteno, trans-β-caroteno, 13-cis-β-caroteno e fitoflueno. Em geral, os teores de carotenoides entre as espécies e entre os acessos da mesma espécie foram significativamente diferentes. A espécie P. edulis apresentou o maior número de carotenoides, com diferença entre os acessos. Em um acesso de P. edulis comercial, foi encontrado o trans-β-caroteno como o carotenoide principal (7,8±0,8 µg g-1) e no outro o trans-ζ-caroteno (11,4±0,4 µg g-1). Dois acessos de P. edulis nativos do Cerrado apresentaram cis-ζ-caroteno como carotenoide majoritário (6,28±0,15 µg g-1 e 12,1±0,7 µg g-1, casca amarela e roxa, respectivamente). O perfil de carotenoides em frutos de espécies de maracujá apresentou diversidade de composição, com potencial de uso para melhoramento genético para agregar maior valor ao produto e estimular o seu consumo.

The objective was to evaluate by HPLC qualitative and quantitative carotenoids pulp composition of passion fruit. Fruits coming from native accessions of four Cerrado passion fruit species (Passiflora cincinnata, P. nitida, P. setacea and P. edulis) were analyzed using commercial passion fruit (P. edulis) as reference. Passion fruit pulps showed neoxanthin, violaxanthin, cis-violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, prolycopene, poli-cis-carotene, cis-ζ-carotene, trans-ζ-carotene, trans-β-carotene, 13-cis-β-carotene and phytofluene. In general, carotenoids content were significantly different among species and among accessions of the same species. P. edulis species showed greater number of carotenoids with differences among accessions. In one commercial passion fruit accession trans-β-carotene was the major carotenoid (7.8±0.8 µg g-1) and other was trans-ζ-carotene (11.4±0.4 µg g-1). Two accessions of P. edulis native from the Cerrado showed cis-ζ-carotene like the major carotenoid (6.28±0.15 µg g-1 and 12.1±0.7 µg g-1, yellow peel and purple peel, respectively). Characterization of carotenoids profile in passion fruit species fruits showed diversity of composition with potential use for genetic improvement to add greater value to product and encourage consumption.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar caracteres morfológicos distintos que possibilitem agrupar plantas semelhantes pertencentes a populações de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.). Foram marcadas 63 plantas nos estados de Goiás e Minas Gerais. Avaliaram-se 20 frutos e sementes por planta, coletados no chão em 1994 e 1995. Mediram-se os parâmetros: peso, comprimento, largura e espessura dos frutos e das respectivas sementes, e cor do tegumento das sementes. Realizaram-se análises de componentes principais e de agrupamento. Observou-se variabilidade entre plantas nos frutos e nas sementes de baru. A análise dos componentes principais mostrou que a distribuição espacial dos dados é da forma contínua. Os dois primeiros componentes explicaram 75% e 80% da variação total das características morfológicas em 1994 e 1995, respectivamente. Todas as variáveis foram importantes na discriminação dos grupos. As configurações de quatro a seis grupos foram consistentes nos dois anos. Menos da metade das plantas permaneceu no mesmo grupo nos dois anos. Isto evidencia que os frutos e sementes possuem variação anual quanto às suas características morfológicas, embora existam exceções. A obtenção de grupos distintos indica presença de variabilidade genética no material coletado.

The aim of this study was to identify distinct morphological characters that may group similar plants in populations of "baru" (Dipteryx alata Vog.). Sixty three plants were marked in Goiás and Minas Gerais States, of which 20 fruits and seeds were evaluated, collected from the ground in 1994 and 1995. The following measurements were taken: weight, length, width and dimension of fruits and its respective seeds, and color of seed tegument. Analysis of principal components and cluster analysis were performed. Variances between plants were observed but not within plants. The analysis of principal components showed continuous spatial distribution of the data. The first two components explained 75% and 80% of total variance of morphological characters in 1994 and 1995, respectively. All variables were important for discrimination of groups. The configurations of four to six groups were consistent for both years. Less than half of trees remained in the same group in both years. This shows that fruit and seeds may have annual variation for morphological characters, though exceptions were observed. Distinct grouping indicates presence of genetic variability within material collected.