ABSTRACT. The experiment was conducted with 644 Ross fertilized egg by 7 treatments 4 replicates and 23 eggs in each. Seven treatments included two control with and without injection, iron sulfate, iron sulfate nanoparticles, Alimet, Alimet + iron sulfate, Alimet + iron sulfate nanoparticles. After hatching 2 mg iron nanoparticles were applied as new treatment. The highest increased in the intestinal relative weight (p < 0.05) was observed by iron+Alimet in late feeding at day old of age. Also similar trend was found in cecum and duodenum length by iron control 2 and late feeding (18 hours’ after hatching). The highest cecum length was found among all treatments by in ovo injection of iron nanoparticles in early feeding at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). Significantly increased the duodenum length was found by iron sulfate in early feeding at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Alimet in late feeding was resulted in decrease jejunum crypt depth at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the highest jejunum villi width and surface area were recorded in dietary iron sulfate nanoparticles in late feeding at 21 and 42 days of age (p < 0.05).

RESUMO. Um total de frangos com 300 dias de vida (Ross 308) foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 20 recintos fechados e criados por 42 dias. Os tratamentos incluem 1) Dieta normal em proteínas (NPD) foi formulada de acordo com a recomendação para os Ross 308 (2014) a dieta consiste em milho e soja, 2). Uma dieta de proteínas reduzida (RPD) foi preparada com as proteínas reduzidas em 12 g kg-1 (1.2%) em comparação com o NPD, 3) HMB+ RDP, 4) CLA+RDP e 5) CLA+HMB+RDP. O resultado mostrou que os frangos alimentados pela dieta HMB tiveram uma maior Média de Ganho Diário (ADG) e Taxa de Conversão de Alimentos (FCR) significativamente melhorada pelo HMB durante o crescimento ou por todo o período (p < 0.05)., concentrações de soro de anticorpos da doença de Newcastle foi maximizada no tratamento suplementado com CLA+HMB comparadas com o controle (RPD) no dia 42. Na comparação com o controle, a alimentação CLA aumentou o Linfócitos (L) e diminuiu o heterofilo (H) e a proporção H/L (p < 0.05). A secreção do hormônio da insulina foi aumentado pela dieta HMB (p <0.05). Células Vermelhas sanguíneas (RBC) e a hemoglobina (Hb) foi significantemente aumentadas pelo HMB (p < 0.05). E pode-se concluir que as suplementações de HBM e CLA, juntas na dieta de proteína reduzida, tem um efeito positivo no crescimento, sistema imunológico e também no parâmetro hematológico.

ABSTRACT. In this experiment a total of 300 d-old broilers (Ross 308) were randomized across 20 floor pens and reared up to 42 d. Treatments includes: 1) A normal-protein diet (NPD) was formulated according to the Ross 308 recommendation (2014) by corn and soybean meal, 2) A reduced-protein diet (RPD) was prepared with dietary protein reduced by 12 g kg-1 (1.2%) relative to the NPD, 3) HMB+ RDP, 4) CLA+RDP and 5) CLA+ HMB+ RDP. The results showed that broilers fed HMB diet had higher Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Feed Conversion Rate (FCR) significantly improved by HMB during the grower or the whole period (p < 0.05). Titer of serum antibodies of Newcastle disease was maximum in treatment supplemented with CLA+HMB compared to the control (RPD) in day 42. In comparison with the control, feeding CLA increased Lymphocyte and decreased heterophil and H/ L ratio (p < 0.05). Insulin hormone secretion increased by dietary HMB (p < 0.05). Red Blood Cells (RBC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly increased by HMB supplemented diet (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that supplementations of HMB and CLA together in reduced-protein diet have positive effect on growth performance, immune system and hematological parameter.

RESUMO. Este estudo analisou o efeito de dietas para poedeiras contendo farelo de trigo e arroz suplementado ou não com fitase sobre o desempenho, atividade da carboidrase intestinal e expressão de mRNA do transportador sódio-glicose-1 (SGLT-1). Noventa e seis aves da linhagem Hyline W-36 com 23 semanas de idade foram distribuídas num delineamento experimental completamente randomizado com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições de gaiolas com 4 aves cada. A dieta controle usada neste experimento foi formulada para conter 10% de farelo de trigo e 15% de farelo de arroz. Fitase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) foi adicionada a cada dieta experimental. O consumo de ração, massa de ovos, razão de conversão alimentar, peso da casca, espessura da casca e unidade de Haugh não foram influenciados pelos farelos ou suplementação com fitase (p > 0,05). Mas a produção de ovos diminuiu nos tratamentos com farelo de arroz (p < 0,05). No jejuno, a adição de fitase e a dieta contendo farelo de trigo aumentaram a concentração de sacarose (p ≤ 0,01). Além disso, a adição de fitase à dieta controle aumentou (p ≤ 0,001) a expressão de mRNA do SGLT-1 no duodeno. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de dietas para poedeiras contendo 10% de farelo de trigo é viável sem comprometer o desempenho da produção, qualidade da casca do ovo e a atividade da carboidrase endógena.

ABSTRACT. The effect of diets containing wheat and rice brans with or without phytase supplementation on performance, intestinal carbohydrase activities and mRNA expression of sodium-glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) in layers was studied. A total of 96 23-wk-old Hy-line W-36 were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design at random with 6 treatments and 4 replicate cages of 4 birds each. A control diet was used in this experiment and then it was formulated to contain 10% wheat bran and 15% rice bran. Then phytase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) was added to each diet. Feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, shell weight, shell thickness and Haugh units were not influenced by brans or phytase supplementation (p > 0.05). But egg production decreased in rice bran treatments (p < 0.05). In the jejunum, adding of phytase to control and diet containing wheat bran increased the concentration of sucrase (p ≤ 0.01). Also, addition of phytase to control diet increased (p ≤ 0.001) the mRNA expression of SGLT-1 in the duodenum. It was concluded that feeding layers with diets containing 10% wheat bran were practically feasible without compromising production performance, egg shell quality, and endogenous carbohydrase activity.

RESUMO. Este estudo avaliou a substituição de diferentes níveis de farelo de canola por farelo de soja nas rações de codornas Japonesas sobre o desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e parâmetros sanguíneos, inclusive proteína sanguínea, concentração mineral, enzimas de fígado e hormônios de tiroide. Cento e sessenta codornas japonesas na fase da segunda postura, de 46 a 56 semanas, foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos, com quatro repetições e 10 codornas por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: T1) controle (sem FC), T2, T3 e T4), substituindo 30, 60 e 90% de FS com FC, respectivamente. Os resultados não revelam variação significante no peso corporal entre os tratamentos no início e no final do experimento (p > 0.05). Houve uma redução significativa no consumo de dieta com o aumento de nível de FC (p < 0.05). Os resultados mostram um aumento significativo na produção de ovos, peso de ovos e massa de ovos em T1 (controle) e T2 (com 10% de FC) (p < 0.05). Não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros de qualidade de ovos durante todo o experimento (p > 0.05). Todavia, a espessura da casca dos ovos reduziu-se significativamente com níveis crescentes de canola na dieta (p < 0.05). Os resultados mostram que a substituição de 30% em FS por FC na dieta (com 10% de FC) não tem efeitos adversos no desempenho das codornas.

ABSTRACT. The present study was conducted to evaluation the different levels canola meal (CM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) in Japanese quails diets on productive performance, egg quality trails and blood parameters including blood protein, minerals concentration, liver enzymes and thyroid hormones. In this study, 160 of Japanese quails in second laying phase from 46 to 56 weeks of age were divided in four treatments with four replicates and 10 quail in each per replicate, on a completely randomized design (CRD).Treatments consisted:T1) control (without CM), T2, T3 and T4) replacing 30, 60 and 90% of SBM with CM respectively. The results were shown no significant variation in body weight between treatments in initial and end of the experiment (p > 0.05). There was significant decrease in feed intake by increasing level of CM (p < 0.05). Results indicated that significant increase in egg production, egg weight and egg mass in the T1 (control group) and T2 (contained 10% CM) (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in egg quality parameters in the all period of experiment (p > 0.05). However, the egg shell thickness showed significantly decreased with increasing levels of canola meal in the diet (p < 0.05). According to this study results, 30% replacement of SBM by CM in the diet (contained 10% CM) has no adverse effect on quail’s performance.

RESUMO O efeito de proteína bruta (PB), amino ácido (AA) e balanço alimentar eletrolítico (DAE) foi avaliado por parâmetros sanguíneos, características da carcaça e desempenho de aves de corte sob estresse calórico (29-34°C). Quinhentos e quarenta machos (Ross 308) foram alocados em 12 regimes alimentares num arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 × 3 totalmente aleatório com 3 repetições de 15 aves em períodos de crescimento (13 a 26 dias) e terminação (27 a 42 dias) e 120, 220 e 320 mEq kg-1 DAE. Além disso, 21% de PB aumentou o ganho de peso corporal (GPC) e diminuiu a conversão alimentar (CAR) no período de crescimento (p < 0.05). Por outro lado, 20% de PB diminuiu GPC e aumentou CAR no período terminal (p < 0.05). O nível de 20% PB reduziu o sódio sanguíneo e o balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo (p < 0.05). O maior balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo ocorreu com DAE 320 mEq kg-1 dieta (p < 0.05). A resposta das aves de corte a DAE no estresse calórico dependia da idade da ave, à exposição a altas temperaturas e ao nível de PB na dieta. Sob estresse calórico (29-34°C), 21% PB no período de crescimento e 17% de PB no período de terminação melhoraram o GPC e CAR das aves de corte.

ABSTRACT The effect of crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) were evaluated on blood parameters, carcass traits, and broiler performance under heat stress (29-34°C). A total of 540 male chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to 12 diets with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 3, using a completely randomized design with three replicates of 15 chickens in grower (13 to 26 days) and finisher (27 to 42 days) periods. and 120, 220, and 320 mEq kg-1 DEB. The level of 21% CP increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) at grower period (p < 0.05). In contrast, 20% CP level decreased BWG and increased FCR at finisher period (p < 0.05). Further, 20% CP level reduced blood sodium and blood electrolyte balance (p < 0.05). The highest blood electrolyte balance was achieved by DEB 320 mEq kg-1 diet (p < 0.05). Broiler response to DEB in heat stress depended on the age of bird, length of exposure to high temperature and CP level of the diet. Under heat stress (29-34°C), the 21% CP level at grower period and 17% CP level at finisher period improved broiler BWG and FCR.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cottonseed meal supplemented with lysine and enzyme on laying hens performance and egg quality. Eighty Hy-Line W-36 white Leghorns were allotted for 12 weeks in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design, including four treatments and five replications with four birds in each. Treatments included: basal diet + 1% lysine + 0% enzyme; basal diet + 1% lysine + 0.025% enzyme; basal diet + 2% lysine + 0% enzyme; and basal diet + 2% lysine + 0.025% enzyme. Protein content in the magnum tissue was not significantly affected by different levels of lysine and enzyme, although magnum Protein:RNA ratio increased with 2% of lysine as compared with 1%. Moreover, jejunum DNA's concentration was not significantly affected by lysine. Similarly, jejunum RNA:DNA ratio increased with 2% of lysine. Performance specificity significantly improved with 2% lysine and 0.025% enzyme. Diets supplemented with 2% lysine and 0.025% enzyme can improve performance, increase magnum protein synthesis and jejunum cell efficiency.