Abstract Until recently, no native mushroom was considered food in the Cerrado biome, while there are records of the occurrence of about 638 species of fungi so far, many of which have numerous undefined potentials, with the potential for food among them. Our work presents the nutritional aspects of two mushroom species found in an agroforestry system in the Cerrado (Auricularia nigricans and Schizophyllum commune), and a morphological identification key for the edible mushroom species highlighted in this study. The nutritional composition analysis revealed a moisture content of 65 and 41%, proteins of 7 and 10%, ether extract (fat) of 1.3 and 1.5% and fiber of 2 and 2.2% for A. nigricans and S. common, respectively. In this work we highlight the nutritional potential of two species of edible mushrooms, A. nigricans and S. commune. These mushrooms show similar nutritional characteristics to those of commercially produced exotic mushrooms, being rich in proteins and minerals. These data, added to other reports of this nature recently presented, reinforce the importance of knowledge of local biodiversity and native mushrooms as a food source.

Abstract The Amazon region has shown commercial potential for native mushroom species, such as mushrooms produced by the Yanomami people, who already sell more than 10 Amazon species. Among the species collected and consumed by the Yanomami people is Favolus brasiliensis (Fr.) Fr. (Basidiomycota: Polyporaceae), which occurs naturally in tropical areas of Central and South America. Thus, the objective of this work is to carry out the bromatological characterization of F. brasiliensis, contributing to a better understanding of the nutritional and food potential, as well as registering the natural occurrence of the species in the Cerrado biome and in the state of Goiás. The F. brasiliensis mushrooms collected in the present study showed an average of 7.4% humidity, 27% crude protein, 1.5% ether extract, 17% crude fiber, and 1.7% mineral matter. Compared with other species of edible mushrooms, both wild and cultivated, the moisture content of F. brasiliensis (93.60%) is low for species of the genus Pleurotus. For example, the humidity varies from 87% to more than 90%, similar to that found in Lentinus crinitus, another mushroom native to Brazil and also consumed by the Yanomami people. Thus, F. brasiliensis has the potential to be used in human foods.

Abstract Much of the diversity of mushrooms is still unknown to science. In the search for new edible mushrooms, we began to look at the traditions of Amazonian forest peoples in order to learn about the potential for edible mushrooms among other species. In particular, the Yanomami people launched the encyclopedia of food (Sanoma) in 2016 to preserve their knowledge of their own food. They demonstrated how food production can be balanced with the forest and present dozens of mushrooms that are consumed by their communities. In view of the above information, the objective of this work is to present bromatological aspects of the Lentinus crinitus mushroom from an agroforestry homegarden in the Cerrado. The specimen was collected from an agroforestry homegarden with biome forest species and agronomic species, located in the Brazilian Cerrado, in the city of Goiânia, Goiás. L. crinitus mushrooms presented 61% humidity, containing 14% crude protein, 1.5% ether extract, 26% crude fiber, and 3.4% mineral matter. Its bromatological characteristics are similar to others of commercial fungi. There is great potential for the use of the Lentinus crinitus mushroom in agroforestry yards in the Brazilian Cerrado, reconciling environmental conservation with the diversification of the production of agroextractive products.

Resumo Córregos de baixa ordem localizados perto de áreas urbanas geralmente recebem águas residuais domésticas, industriais e agrícolas que afetam negativamente a qualidade da água do rio. Além disso, a poluição da água está associada à variações do uso da terra ao redor do rio, caracterizada pela urbanização não planejada, atividades agrícolas intensas e desmatamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi correlacionar o padrão de uso do solo com a qualidade físico-química e o potencial genotóxico da água em quatro pontos (P1 a P4) ao longo do rio Extrema, localizado em uma área industrial e agrícola do Brasil Central. Análises físico-químicas indicaram que a água coletada no rio Extrema é inadequada para consumo humano. Usando o modelo de Allium cepa, nenhuma evidência de citotoxicidade foi observada em nenhum momento; por outro lado, foi observado o potencial genotóxico dessas amostras de água. A correlação desses resultados com o uso do solo mostrou que a água coletada no P3 foi a mais contaminada; isso é provável devido ao influxo de águas residuais municipais e industriais e de águas residuais das atividades agrícolas. Resultados diferentes foram observados para P2 e P4, onde a análise do uso do solo atribuiu a qualidade da água às queimadas na floresta. Concluímos que diferentes usos do solo alteraram as características da água do rio e que os resultados obtidos pelo teste com A. cepa estavam mais relacionados às características do uso do solo do que aos parâmetros físico-químicos. Este estudo destaca a importância de associar o uso do solo ao potencial citogenotóxico da água.

Abstract Low-order streams located near urban areas usually receive domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters that negatively affect river water quality. Additionally, water pollution is associated with land-use variations around the river, which is characterized by unplanned urbanization, intense agricultural activities, and deforestation. This work correlated land-use patterns with physicochemical quality and genotoxic potential of water at four points (P1 to P4) along the Extrema River, located in an industrial and agricultural area of Central Brazil. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the water collected from the Extrema River is inappropriate for human consumption. Using the Allium cepa model, no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed at any point; in contrast, the genotoxic potential of these water samples was observed. The correlation of these results with land use showed that the water collected at P3 was the most contaminated; this is probably due to the inflow of wastewater from municipal, industrial, and agriculture activities. Different results were observed for P2 and P4, where land-use analysis attributed the water quality to forest burns. We concluded that differential use of the land changed the characteristics of the associated river water, and A. cepa parameters were more related to land-use characteristics than to physicochemical parameters. This study highlighted the importance of associating land use with the cyto genotoxic potential of water.