ABSTRACT Understanding the green dwarf coconut palm development is essential to improve its management. This study aimed to characterize and understand the seasonality of the green dwarf coconut palm development and yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the northeastern region of the Pará state, Brazil. The longitudinal and transverse diameters, fruit mass and yield, in addition to the number of live leaves, live bunches, fruits of the bunches nº 11 and 14 and female fowers were monitored. The coconuts between the bunches nº 20 and 22 showed larger dimensions and biomass (fresh and dry). The partition of the production components varies according to the time of the year, with the liquid albumen mass, which is a component of greater commercial focus, being higher in the rainy season, with lower percentage losses in the irrigated cultivation. The meteorological seasonality plays a key role in fower dropping and fruit abortion, directly contributing to the amount of produced fruits. management state Brazil diameters leaves 1 monitored 2 fresh dry. dry . dry) year focus season cultivation abortion

RESUMO Compreender o desenvolvimento do coqueiro-anão-verde é essencial para melhorar seu manejo. Objetivou-se caracterizar e entender a sazonalidade do desenvolvimento e a produção de frutos do coqueiro-anão-verde sob condições de sequeiro e irrigação na região nordeste do Pará, Brasil. Foram monitorados os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, massa e produtividade dos frutos, além do número de folhas vivas, cachos vivos, frutos dos cachos nº 11 e 14 e fores femininas. Os cocos entre os cachos nº 20 e 22 apresentam maiores dimensões e biomassa (fresca e seca). A repartição dos componentes da produção varia conforme a época do ano, sendo a massa de albúmen líquido, componente de maior enfoque comercial, maior no período chuvoso, com menores perdas percentuais no cultivo irrigado. A sazonalidade meteorológica desempenha papel fundamental na queda das fores e no aborto dos frutos, contribuindo diretamente para a quantidade de frutos produzidos. coqueiroanãoverde coqueiro anão verde manejo Objetivouse Objetivou se Pará Brasil transversal vivas vivos 1 femininas 2 fresca seca. seca . seca) ano líquido comercial chuvoso irrigado produzidos

ABSTRACT: The growing demand for coconut water has led to the expansion of irrigated green dwarf coconut cultivation; however, the inefficient use of water has contributed to the degradation and waste of water resources, making fundamental studies aiming to optimize the use of water. The objective of this study was to determine the physical productivity and water productivity of green dwarf coconut palms under the climatic conditions of Santa Izabel do Pará, eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from 2020 to 2021, in a green dwarf coconut plantation spaced 7.5 m x 7.5 m in a triangle, at Fazenda Reunidas Sococo, with an area of approximately 7 ha. Water productivity (WP) was determined both in terms of fruit production (WPf) and coconut water production (WPca), through the relationship of fruit productivity (fruit biomass and water volume) with accumulated evapotranspiration. The dwarf coconut tree presented a total production of 105 and 186 fruits plant-1 and 37 and 62 L plant-1 of coconut water in the years 2020 and 2021. The largest volumes of water and the highest weights occurred during the wettest season. WPf was of 1.87 fruits m-3 (2020) and 2.94 fruits m-3 (2021) and WPca 0.66 L m-3 (2020) and 0.98 L m-3 (2021). ABSTRACT cultivation however resources Pará Amazonia Brazil 202 2021 75 5 7. triangle Sococo ha WP (WP (WPf WPca, , (WPca) volume evapotranspiration 10 18 plant1 plant 1 plant- 3 6 season 187 87 1.8 m3 m- (2020 294 2 94 2.9 (2021 066 0 66 0.6 098 98 0.9 . 20 (WPca 8 1. (202 29 9 2. 06 0. 09 (20 (2 (

RESUMO: A crescente demanda por água de coco tem ocasionado a expansão do cultivo de coqueiro-anão-verde irrigado, no entanto, o uso ineficiente da água tem contribuído com a degradação e desperdício dos recursos hídricos, tornando fundamental estudos que visem otimizar o uso da água. Objetivou-se determinar a produtividade física e a produtividade da água do coqueiro-anão-verde, nas condições climáticas de Santa Izabel do Pará, leste da Amazônia, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado no período de 2020 a 2021, em um plantio de coqueiro-anão-verde em espaçamento 7,5 m x 7,5 m em triângulo, na Fazenda Reunidas Sococo, apresentando uma área de aproximadamente 7 ha. A produtividade da água (PA) foi determinada tanto em termos de produção de frutos (PAf) como de produção de água de coco (PAac), através da relação da produtividade de frutos (biomassa do fruto e volume de água) com a evapotranspiração acumulada. O coqueiro-anão apresentou uma produção total de 105 e de 186 frutos planta-1 e de 37 e de 62 L planta-1 de água de coco nos anos de 2020 e 2021. A evapotranspiração total foi de 56,2 m³ (2020) e 53,2 m-3 (2021). A PAf foi de 1,87 frutos m-3 (2020) e 2,94 frutos m-3 (2021) e a PAac de 0,66 L m-3 (2020) e 0,98 L m-3 (2021). RESUMO coqueiroanãoverde coqueiro anão verde irrigado entanto hídricos Objetivouse Objetivou se coqueiroanãoverde, verde, Pará Amazônia Brasil 202 2021 75 5 7, triângulo Sococo ha PA (PA (PAf PAac, , (PAac) biomassa acumulada coqueiroanão 10 18 planta1 planta 1 planta- 3 6 562 56 2 56, (2020 532 53 53, m3 m- . 187 87 1,8 294 94 2,9 (2021 066 0 66 0,6 098 98 0,9 20 (PAac (202 8 1, 29 9 2, 06 0, 09 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Inadequate management of the irrigation system has compromised yield and favoured the degradation and waste of water resources. To ensure efficient irrigation management, providing yield increases, sustainability in the use of water resources and reduction of production costs, studies about the water demand of coconut palms are needed. The objective of this study was to determine the energy partition, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and the simple crop coefficients (Kc) of the green dwarf coconut palms in Santa Izabel do Pará, Pará, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a coconut plantation at Reunidas Sococo Farm, with an area of approximately 7 ha in a triangular spacing of 7.5 × 7.5 m, during 2020 and 2021. The ETc was determined by the Bowen ratio method, with measurements of temperature and relative humidity at two levels above the crop canopy and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by the FAO Penman-Monteith method, using data from the National Institute of Meteorology. The Kc was determined by the ratio between ETc and ETo. The total water demand of the coconut palm was 489 (2020) and 480 mm (2021), with a daily average of 4.21 (2020) and 4.14 mm (2021) for the dry season. The mean value of Kc was 1.06 (± 0.12). Evapotranspiration was driven mainly by energy availability, associated with a control of atmospheric demand on Kc values, suggesting a possible influence of coconut trees on Kc values even under good water availability and small variability in vegetation cover. increases costs needed partition ETc, , (ETc) (Kc Pará Brazil Farm 75 5 7. m 202 2021 method ETo (ETo PenmanMonteith Penman Monteith Meteorology 48 (2020 2021, 421 4 21 4.2 414 14 4.1 (2021 season 106 1 06 1.0 ± ( 0.12. 012 0.12 . 0 12 0.12) cover (ETc 20 (202 42 2 4. 41 10 1. 01 0.1 (20 0. (2