ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the chemical composition of triterpenes in widespread used folk medicine species, through the development and validation of eleven compounds using HPLC-UV detection. The compounds were separated using isocratic elution, on a reverse phase column (Kinetex C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:tetrahydrofuran (90:10, v/v), flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min and detection in 210 nm. Diverse validation parameters were successfully evaluated. The samples of Bauhinia variegata L., B. variegata var. candida Voigt, Fabaceae, Cecropia palmata Willd. and C. obtusa Trécul, Urticaceae, collected in 2012, 2013 and 2014 from Amazon were treated with two different solvents (ethyl acetate and chloroform) and analyzed by the proposed method. Stigmasterol, lupeol, β-sitosterol, β-amirin and α-amirin were found in all the studied plants. Highlighting the presence of oleanolic acid, maslinic acid in C. obtusa and C. palmata extracts, erythrodiol only in C. palmata, stigmasteol in B. variegata and α-amirin in B. variegata var. candida. Overall, ethyl acetate showed better performance as the extractor solvent than chloroform. Moreover, it could be used for the quality control of medicinal plants and to assess potential marker compounds.

The effects of different solvents and extraction techniques upon the phytochemical profile and anti-Trichophyton activity of extracts from Piper aduncum leaves were evaluated. Extract done by maceration method with ethanol has higher content of sesquiterpenes and antifungal activity. This extract may be useful as an alternative treatment for dermatophytosis.

Objetivou-se quantificar os compostos fenólicos em extrato hidroetanólico de grãos das cultivares de cevada ('BRS Lagoa' e 'MN 743') em dois anos consecutivos de cultivo (2005 e 2006), avaliando a influência dos fatores climáticos nesse conteúdo. Os compostos fenólicos totais foram quantificados pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau e os teores de rutina e ácidos cafeico e ferúlico por CLAE em fase reversa. O conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais variou de 0,97 a 1,59 mg AG g-1 de cevada e os fatores climáticos durante o período de plantio e colheita influenciaram no conteúdo. Foram identificados e quantificados nessas cultivares rutina, ácido cafeico e ácido ferúlico. A avaliação dos fatores climáticos no conteúdo de compostos fenólicos em cevada é de grande interesse, visando a sua importância nutricional e recomendação de cultivares com conteúdos expressivos de compostos bioativos.

This study aimed to quantify the phenolic compounds in hydroethanolic extract of cultivar seeds ('BRS Lagoa' and 'MN 743') in two consecutive years of cultivation (2005 and 2006) evaluating the influence of climatic factors in such content. The total phenolic compounds were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteau's method and the levels of rutin and caffeic and ferulic acids by HPLC in the reversed-phase. The concentration of total phenolic compounds ranged from 0.97 to 1.59 mg GA g-1 of barley and the climatic factors during the planting and harvesting influenced the barley content. Caffeic, rutin and ferulic acid were identified and quantified in these cultivars. Assessment of climatic factors on the content of phenolic compounds in barley is of great interest aiming for their nutritional importance and recommendations of cultivars with significant content of bioactive compounds.

O ozônio tem um papel muito importante na natureza devido as suas características como um filtro natural da radiação solar ultravioleta. Portanto, é pertinente para a comunidade científica compreender todos os fatores de influência natural envolvendo ozônio ao longo das séries temporais de grande porte. Neste trabalho, uma reconstrução da série temporal do ozônio obtido pelo espectrofotômetro Brewer 1994-2008 no Observatório Espacial do Sul (29 º S, 53 º W) - Sul do Brasil é apresentado. Os dados do TOMS-OMI foram usados para completar os dias sem dados, onde um coeficiente de correlação entre TOMS-OMI e Brewer é aceitável, em torno de r=0,89. Além disso, foi aplicada a análise de ondeletas para determinar a evolução temporal das frequências e das amplitudes. Os resultados apontam um período de 365 dias (ou 1 ano) para a variação sazonal do ozônio, um período de 600 dias para uma possível influência QBO e dois períodos, um de 2000 e outro de 4.000 dias referentes ao segundo harmônico do ciclo solar de 11 anos e 11 Ciclo de ano solar.

Ozone plays a very important role in the nature due its characteristics as a natural filter of ultraviolet solar radiation. Thus, it is pertinent for the scientific community to understand all natural influence factors involving ozone along with a large time series. In this work, a reconstruction of ozone time series obtained by Brewer spectrophotometer from 1994 to 2008 at the Southern Space Observatory (SSO) - 29ºS, 53ºW - Southern Brazil is presented. TOMS-OMI data were used to follow the days without data, where a coefficient of correlation between TOMS-OMI and Brewer is acceptable around r = 0.89. Besides, wavelet analysis to determine the temporal evolution of the frequencies and the amplitudes was applied. Moreover, wavelet analysis aiming to determine the temporal evolution of the frequencies and the amplitudes was performed. The results pointed a period of 365 days (1 yr) for the seasonal variation of ozone, of 600 days attributed for a possible QBO influence and two periods of 2000 and other 4000 days regarding possibly to the second harmonic of the 11-year solar cycle.

Since 2000, spore dosimetry and spectral photometry have been performed in parallel at the Southern Space Observatory, São Martinho da Serra (Southern Brazil). A comparative study involving data from Punta Arenas - Chile (53.2º S), São Martinho da Serra (29.5º S), Padang - Indonesia (0.9ºS), Brussels - Belgium (50.9º N) and Kiyotake - Japan (31.9º N) from 2000 to 2006 is presented. The Spore Inactivation Doses presented the higher values in summer (973 ± 73 for Punta Arenas and 4,369 ± 202 for São Martinho da Serra, as well 1,402 ± 170 and 3,400 ± 1,674 for Brussels and Kiyotake, respectively). The simplicity, robustness and high resistance of bacterial spores makes the biosensor an potential biological tool for UV-B monitoring.

O repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), planta do gênero Brassica, vem sendo utilizado na medicina popular brasileira principalmente no tratamento da cicatrização. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um estudo espectrométrico na região do ultravioleta-visível aliado a uma prospecção fitoquímica para diferentes estágios fenológicos da Brassica sp. O perfil espectrométrico das concentrações globais relativas dos constituintes da planta, com relação ao seu crescimento vegetativo, foi traçado para extratos em água, etanol e diclorometano. A hidrólise dos extratos aquosos foi também avaliada. Os resultados da prospecção fitoquímica mostraram a presença positiva de compostos fenólicos, flavonóides, triterpenos e esteróides para os extratos etanólicos e aquosos nos estágios vegetativos IV e V. Analisando o perfil espectral e a redução da concentração global relativa para cada solvente e estágio fenológico, foram obtidas reduções (estágio IV até o VII) na ordem de 87%, 73% e 55%, respectivamente para estratos obtidos com água, etanol e diclorometano em relação ao estágio IV. As concentrações dos constituintes ativos são inversamente proporcionais ao estágio de crescimento vegetativo do repolho, servindo como uma ferramenta útil no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos.

The cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata), plant of the genus Brassica, has been used by the Brazilian folk medicine mainly in the treatment of healing. In this work, a spectrometric study at ultraviolet-visible range allied to a phytochemical screening on different phenologic stages of Brassica sp. was developed. Aiming at obtaining a spectrometric profile of the global concentrations of the constituents in relation to the vegetative growth, ethanol, aqueous and dichloromethane extracts were studied. Hydrolysis of aqueous extracts was also performed. The results of the phytochemical prospection show a positive presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids for the ethanol and aqueous extracts at stages IV and V. Analyzing the spectral profile and the reduction of the relative global concentration for each solvent and phenologic stage, reductions were obtained (stage IV until stage VII) in the order of 87%, 73% and 55% for aqueous, ethanol and dichloromethane extracts, respectively and in relation to stage IV. Therefore, the constituents concentrations were inversely proportional to the vegetative growth and can be used as useful tool to determinate the quality control of the herbal medicines.