Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accounted for 27% of deaths in Brazil in 2017. Most of the recorded deaths caused by CVD would be preventable if patients controlled risk factors including inadequate diet. The Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (Dica Br) adapted the Mediterranean diet pattern to Brazilian typical foods and evaluated the effectiveness of a nutritional program based on cardioprotective foods on cardiovascular events and death of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Objectives To evaluate the effect of Dica Br on the QoL of patients with atherosclerotic disease from two health centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method Randomized clinical trial with 273 participants of both sexes, over 45 years old, followed for four years. The intervention group (IG) received individualized dietary prescription, educational program, individual and group consultations, and phone calls. The control group (CG) received general dietary guidance. The SF-36 was used to assess QoL. The Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare means between the groups. The mixed model test was used to compare the course of variables over time between the groups. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Result Most patients were male, with an average age of 64.2 ± 8.2 years in the IG and 65±9.5 years in the CG. Most were physically inactive, overweight, and had incomplete elementary school. The most prevalent comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension, followed by dyslipidemia. QoL improved in both groups at four years. Waist circumference decreased in both groups over time, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased in the IG but not in the CG after four years of follow-up. Conclusion The cardioprotective diet was effective in reducing LDL-C in the IG, and an improvement in QoL was observed in both intervention and control groups.

OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is characterized by continuing profound mental, physical, and social changes and entering into the labor market during this phase may have negative consequences on physical and mental health. Common mental disorders (CMD) are characterized as disorders of mental functions, including symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as various nonspecific and somatic complaints such as reduced ability to concentrate, tiredness, irritation, and forgetfulness. Despite its increasing prevalence, few studies have addressed CMD and its association with work, in adolescents. In the present study, we aimed to identify the main factors associated with CMD and evaluated its association with work, in school adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12 to 17-year-old adolescent students using a self-administered questionnaire with questions related to work. CMD was verified using the General Health Questionnaire of 12 items. In total, 3424 adolescents were studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD and work in the last year was 28.72% and 19.63%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, multivariate analysis showed associations of CMD with female gender (OR=2.72) and work (OR=1.70). CONCLUSION: In the present study, a high number of cases of CMD were observed among the studied adolescents. Female gender and work history in the last year were negatively and independently associated with the presence of CMD.

ABSTRACT: The natural regeneration process is essential for forest maintenance since it is critical for establishing new tree individuals. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the regenerative component dynamics of Araucaria Forests in Southern Brazil. We investigated the effects of climate, light, tree component structure and anthropogenic disturbance on tree species regeneration. Regenerating communities from six different fragments in forest remnants of the “Planalto Sul Catarinense” region was evaluated in permanent plots two years after the first inventory. The following demographic rates were determined: recruitment, mortality, net change in the number of individuals and the changes to both upper and lower height classes. The following variables were measured in each fragment: altitude, climatic variables, light environment, tree component density and cattle presence. Association between dynamics rates, regenerating species abundance and explanatory variables was verified by the fourth-corner and RLQ methods. A total of 4,379 and 5,268 individuals were sampled for the first and second inventories, respectively, with recruitment rate (21 % yr−1) higher than mortality rate (13 % yr−1). The dynamics pattern of the fragment with greater presence of cattle stood out for the intense height increase of regenerating species caused by the presence of fast growth and light-demanding species. Natural regeneration of forest remnants under study is facing a structuring process. The main conclusions of this study were: i) climate and altitude play a relevant role in defining floristic identity and ii) chronic disturbances may influence the definition of ecological strategies.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os padrões demográficos da regeneração natural do componente arbustivo-arbóreo e determinar se esses são influenciados pelas variáveis ambientais, em três áreas abertas em regeneração natural (diâmetro na altura do peito < 5 cm), em contato com fragmentos florestais de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana, no Planalto Sul Catarinense. Foram instaladas três transecções, uma por área, de 20 x 100 m, subdividas em subparcelas de 10 x 10 m, perpendiculares à borda dos fragmentos, com sua extensão cobrindo a área de campo. Amostraram-se todos os indivíduos regenerantes arbustivo-arbóreos com 20 cm ou mais de altura. Em cada subparcela, foram coletados os seguintes dados ambientais: propriedades físico-químicas dos solos, grau de compactação dos solos e cota altimétrica. Um ano após o inventário, foram obtidas as taxas de dinâmica para as três comunidades e para as populações, e os padrões encontrados foram relacionados com as variáveis ambientais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes de Kruskal-Wallis, testes de comparações múltiplas, teste de qui-quadrado aplicado à tabela de contingência, teste de correlação, Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e modelos lineares mistos. Os resultados demonstraram que, no período estudado, o processo de regeneração natural do componente arbustivo-arbóreo encontra-se em fase inicial e foi caracterizado pelo incremento na abundância de indivíduos, estabilidade na riqueza, independência espacial entre a mortalidade e o recrutamento e limitação do recrutamento em função da baixa fertilidade natural do solo e elevada disponibilidade de Al.

Abstract The study aimed to understand the dynamic patterns of natural regeneration of shrub-tree species and determine whether these patterns are influenced by environmental variables, in three open areas in natural regeneration (diameter at breast height < 5 cm), in contact to upper-montane Araucaria Forest fragments, located in the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina state. Three 20x100 m transects, subdivided into sub-plots of 10x10 m, were installed in each area, perpendicular to the edge of the fragments with their length covering the grassland area. All shrub-tree regenerating individuals greater than or equal to 20 cm height were sampled. In each sub-plot, the environmental data were collected: soil physico-chemical properties, the degree of soil compaction and the altimetric quota. One year after the first inventory, the dynamics rates were obtained for the three community and populations, and the found patterns related to environmental variables. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis tests, multiple comparison tests, chi-square test, applied to a contingency table, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear mixed models. The results demonstrated that during the evaluated period, the natural regeneration process of the shrub-tree component is found in an early stage and it was characterized by abundance increment, richness stability, spatial independency between mortality and recruitment, and recruitment limitation in function of low soil natural fertility and high Al availability.

SUMMARY: We aimed at analyzing the dynamics of spatial-temporal variations of the early-successional wood and sub-woody components in an upper-montane community, in the municipality of Urubici, Southern Brazil. Within a 20x100 m transect, all regenerative individuals, equal to or over 20 cm high and with diameter at breast height smaller than 5 cm, were identified, measured, tagged and spatially located (x, y coordinates). One and two years after the first survey, all sampled individuals were counted again, registering recruits and dead individuals. Demographic rates by size class and time interval (2014-2015 and 2015-2016), number of individuals of the most abundant species and spatial distribution of dead and recruits were determined. We observed the increment of number of individuals and a greater participation of early-successional species. Smaller size classes and second time interval had superior values of mortality and recruitment rates. For both time intervals, recruits presented a clustered spatial pattern. Dead individuals showed, predominantly, a random spatial pattern. Results indicated structural instability, demographic rates variation regarding size classes and time interval, and distinct spatial pattern for dead and recruited individuals. We conclude that regeneration of the study area is still at an early stage of succession, presenting itself as a complex process, expressed by different spatial patterns of mortality and recruitment.

RESUMEN: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la variación espacio-temporal de la dinámica del componente leñoso y sub-leñoso regenerado en una comunidad de alta montaña en fase inicial de la sucesión del bosque en Urubici (Santa Catarina, sur de Brasil). Sobre un transecto de 20x100 m, se identificaron las especies, se midieron y marcaron los individuos regenerados con altura ( 20 cm y diámetro a la altura del pecho < 5 cm, además se obtuvieron las coordenadas espaciales (x, y). Uno y dos años después de la primera evaluación, los individuos muestreados fueron recontados, aquellos que alcanzaron la categoría de inclusión fueron reclutados y se consideraron los muertos. Se determinaron las tasas demográficas por clases de tamaño y período de estudio (2014-2015 y 2015-2016), la variación del número de individuos de las especies más abundantes y la distribución espacial de muertos y reclutados. Hubo aumento del número de individuos. Las tasas de mortalidad y reclutamiento fueron mayores en las clases de tamaño más pequeñas y en el segundo período de evaluación. Los individuos reclutados tendieron a presentar atracción espacial en ambos períodos y los muertos presentaron patrón aleatorio. Se demostró incremento en abundancia, variación de las tasas de dinámica según clase de tamaño y período de estudio, como patrones distintos de distribución espacial de individuos muertos y reclutados. Se concluyó que la regeneración natural del área de estudio aún se encuentra en fase inicial, presentándose como un proceso de alta complejidad, expresado por diferentes patrones espaciales de mortalidad y reclutamiento.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da estruturação espacial e de variáveis ambientais sobre a organização florístico-estrutural do componente arbóreo em uma Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial no sul do Brasil. Para isso, foram alocadas 48 parcelas de 200 m2 no remanescente amostrado, localizado em Lages-SC. Todos os indivíduos dentro das parcelas com diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP) igual ou superior a 5 cm foram identificados. Foram mensuradas variáveis ambientais e espaciais em cada parcela. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Correlograma de Mantel, Particionamento da Variância, Análises de Redundância, análise de Coordenadas Principais de Matrizes Vizinhas e testes de correlação. Foram amostrados 1.462 indivíduos pertencentes a 66 espécies. Conjuntamente, as variáveis ambientais e espaciais explicaram 24,13% da variação total, sendo que a maior parte (15,22%) se encontrou espacialmente estruturada. Dentre as variáveis ambientais, a topografia (desnível máximo) e a fertilidade do solo (soma de bases e P) foram significativas. Conclui-se que o componente arbóreo está organizado na forma de um gradiente florístico-estrutural. Ainda, os resultados sugerem que o regime de inundação do rio e a presença de zonas de maior encharcamento do solo foram relevantes na definição de micro-hábitat, que influenciaram na distribuição das espécies.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of spatial structure and environmental variables on floristic-structural organization of the tree component, in an Alluvial Araucaria Forest, in southern Brazil. To do so, 48 200 m2 sampling units were allocated in the study area, located in the municipality of Lages, SC state. All trees within the sampling units, with diameter at breast height (dbh) equal to or greater than 5 cm were identified. The environmental and spatial variables were measured in each sampling unit. The data were analyzed through Mantel Correlogram, Variation Partitioning, Redundancy Analysis, analysis of Principal Coordinates of Neighbor Matrices and correlation tests. A total of 1,462 individuals, belong to 66 species, were sampled. Together, the environmental and spatial variables explained 24.13% of total variation, with the largest part (15.22%) being spatially structured. The significant environmental variables were topography (maximum elevation difference) and fertility (bases sum and P). It is possible to conclude that the tree component is organized as a floristic-structural gradient. Furthermore, the results suggest that the inundation regime and the presence of flood prone areas were relevant for micro-habitat definitions, that influenced the distribution of species.

Resumo Objetivou-se determinar a influência dos elementos nucleadores sobre a regeneração natural de espécies lenhosas, em três áreas de campo, adjacentes a fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana. Foram instaladas três transecções, uma por área, perpendiculares à borda dos fragmentos, com sua extensão cobrindo a área de campo. Amostraram-se todos os indivíduos regenerantes arbustivo-arbóreos com 20 cm ou mais de altura e DAP < 5 cm, que foram classificados em zoocóricos, anemocóricos ou autocóricos. Os indivíduos adultos (DAP ≥ 5 cm), troncos caídos, xaxins mortos e rochas foram testados como elementos nucleadores. Obtiveram-se as coordenadas espaciais x e y dos regenerantes e elementos nucleadores, e as propriedades físico-químicas, o grau de compactação dos solos e a topografia. Determinaram-se as relações de dependência espacial entre os indivíduos das guildas de dispersão e os elementos nucleadores por meio da função O-rings. As relações espaciais entre os indivíduos das diferentes síndromes de dispersão e os elementos nucleadores foram distintas entre as áreas. Somente os indivíduos de espécies zoocóricas se associaram aos elementos nucleadores, sendo os mais efetivos os xaxins mortos, troncos e rochas. As condições ambientais distintas entre as áreas imprimiram diferentes padrões de regeneração e relação com os elementos nucleadores.

Abstract We aimed to determine the influence of nucleating elements on woody species regeneration, in three grassland areas, adjacent to fragments of Upper-montane Araucaria Forest. For this, three transects were allocated, one in each area, perpendicular to the fragments edges, with its extension covering the grassland area. All regenerative individuals of shrub-tree species greater than or equal to 20 cm height up to dbh < 5 cm were sampled and classified as zoochoric, anemochoric and autochoric. Adults individuals (dbh ≥ 5 cm), fallen stems, dead arborescent ferns, rocks were tested as nucleating elements. The spatial coordinates (x, y) of regenerative individuals and nucleating elements, soil physicochemical properties, soil compaction degree, and topography were obtained. The spatial dependencies between individuals of different dispersal guilds and nucleating elements were determined by O-rings statistics. The spatial relationships between individuals of distinct dispersal syndromes and nucleating elements differed among areas. Only individuals of zoochoric species presented association with nucleating elements, being the dead arborescent ferns, fallen stems and rocks the most effective elements. The different environmental conditions among areas resulted in distinct regeneration patterns and spatial relationship with nucleating elements.

RESUMO Os objetivos do presente estudo foram caracterizar a regeneração natural arbórea e relacionar esse estrato com o componente adulto e com variáveis ambientais em um fragmento de floresta nebular em Santa Catarina. Em cada uma das 25 parcelas de 20 × 20 m, onde previamente foi realizado um estudo com caracterização do componente adulto e de variáveis ambientais, foram estabelecidas subparcelas, com tamanhos diferenciados de acordo com o tamanho das plantas, para a avaliação dos regenerantes: Classe 1, plantas com altura de 0,15 cm até 1 m, avaliadas em 5 m2; Classe 2, plantas com altura entre 1 e 3 m, avaliadas em 10 m2, e; Classe 3, plantas com altura maior que 3 m e DAP menor que 5 cm, avaliadas em 20 m2. Foram determinadas: diversidade (índice de Shannon), equabilidade (Pielou), Índice de Regeneração Natural (IRN), similaridade com o componente arbóreo adulto (Jaccard e Bray-curtis), organização florística-estrutural (escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico - NMDS) e relação com as variáveis ambientais. Foram amostrados 518 indivíduos distribuídos em 28 espécies. O valor do índice Shannon (2,51 nat/ind) e da equabilidade de Pielou (0,75) sugerem baixa diversidade e elevada dominância ecológica. A espécie de maior IRN foi Symphyopappus itatiayensis (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob (19,36%). As similaridades com os adultos foram de 0,45 (Jaccard) e 0,24 (Bray-Curtis), demonstrando baixa similaridade (<0,50). A compactação do solo foi a única variável que apresentou relação com a regeneração, o que pode estar relacionado com a presença de gado no fragmento.

ABSTRACT This paper aims at characterizing the tree species natural regeneration and evaluating the relation of this stratum to both the adult component and the environmental variables in a fragment of a cloud forest in Santa Catarina, Brazil. In each of 25 20 × 20 m plots, where the adult component and environmental variables have previously been evaluated, subplots of different sizes varying according to plants' height were then allocated as follows: Class 1 - plants with a height varying from 0.15 cm up to 1 m, being evaluated within 5 m2; Class 2 - plants with a height varying from 1 up to 3 m, being evaluated within 10 m2; Class 3 - plants with a height greater than 3 m and DBH smaller than 5 cm, being evaluated within 20 m2. Data have been analyzed with regard to the determination of diversity (Shannon index), evenness (Pielou), Natural Regeneration Index (NRI), similarity with the adult component (Jaccard and Bray-Curtis), floristic-structural organization (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling - NMDS) and their relation to environmental variables. A total of 518 individuals distributed in 28 species were sampled. The low values of Shannon index (2.51 nat/ind) and evenness (0.75) suggest low diversity and elevated ecological dominance. The highest NRI has been found in the species Symphyopappus itatiayensis (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob (19.36%). The similarity with the adult component were of 0.45 (Jaccard) and 0.24 (Bray-Curtis), demonstrating a low overall similarity (<0.50). The soil compaction was the only variable that has shown a relation with regeneration, which can be related to cattle's presence in the fragment.

Resumo O levantamento de queixas em saúde pode servir como indicador para se estudar necessidades de saúde de um determinado grupo de idosos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo descritivo transversal objetivou analisar as queixas de idosos relacionadas à saúde bucal mais prevalentes, associadas a idade, sexo e escolaridade. Utilizou-se uma amostra não-probabilística intencional de idosos adscritos na área de abrangência de um Núcleo de Saúde da Família na cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado, através de entrevistas domiciliares, para o levantamento dos dados, os quais passaram por análise estatística bivariada. Os resultados mostraram maior representatividade do sexo feminino (65,5%), com idade variando entre 60 e 69 anos (46,7%), e baixa escolaridade. As frequências das queixas foram semelhantes para ambos os sexos. As queixas mais prevalentes foram mau hálito, boca seca e problemas referentes à articulação temporomandibular. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre queixas e idade, porém houve associação significativa entre mau hálito e escolaridade (p=0,011). Os achados sugerem que a autopercepção frente às condições de saúde bucal foram essenciais para o relato de algumas queixas, e que muito se tem a estudar frente às queixas de idosos, visto que muitas envolveram outros órgãos da cavidade bucal como articulações e glândulas.

Abstract A survey about oral health complaints can be used as an indicator to study the health needs in a specific elderly group. In this context, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the most frequent complaints of elderly concerning oral cavity conditions, and associated with age, gender and schooling. In an elderly population enrolled at a Family Health Nucleus, interviews were carried out with a structured household survey for data collection. A bivariate statistical analysis was conducted. The interviewed population was mostly represented by 65.5% of female elderly. Most of the population was 60 to 69 years old (46.7%), with low schooling. There were almost the same frequencies of complaints in both sexes. The most frequent complaints were halitosis, dry mouth and problems related to temporomandibular joint. There was no statistical significance between complaints and age, but there was statistical significance association between halitosis and schooling (p=0.011). The results suggested that self-perception of oral health conditions were essential to some oral health complaints, and there is a lot to study about this issue. This study showed that there was a large number of complaints of elders involving different oral organs as joints and glands.