Data assimilation has been widely used for improvement of crop models’ estimates, for example to incorporate the effects of external events or compensate calibration errors in large areas. The term describes multiple approaches for those who want to take advantage of satellite imagery to reduce uncertainty or improve accuracy of model estimates. Kalman Filters are among the most used methods for achieving these goals. But their use in new contexts, i.e., from open field to protected environments, requires untangling aspects of the pipeline that are often performed in many different ways without guidelines, such as which variables to assimilate or how to ascribe uncertainty to observations or model estimates. This study is then divided in two parts. In the first, we review details on how uncertainty is ascribed on crop model estimates and in observations for applications of the Kalman Filter and three variations of the method, i.e., the Extended, Unscented and Ensemble, as well as which state variables are often updated and the frequency with which assimilation may occur, as well as how these aspects are connected to each other. In the second part, we apply different approaches from the reviewed literature in a greenhouse tomato crop model. We use artificial data with controlled noise levels as well as artificial data generated by simulation using other tomato crop model. We assess the impacts of using different methods and different approaches for ascribing uncertainty in model estimates and in observations, by assimilating artificial observations of fruit and of mature fruit biomass. We note that covariances should not be fixed values, that there are trade-offs between ascribing model uncertainty to the state itself and to other elements of the process, that observation covariance may have been considered disproportionality higher when using some ensemble generation approaches in the EnKF, and that bias in model estimates may lead to worse outcomes even when observations are high-quality ones. While we discussed aspects that should be considered in a new environment, many of them are also important for field crops, and we concluded assimilation should follow an assessment of which variables could be useful for assimilation.

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated pain intensity in elderly subjects with hip fractures admitted to the emergency sector and undergoing preoperative pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block. Additionally, the degree of tolerable hip flexion was assessed. Methods A prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial with parallel groups. The control group consisted of elderly subjects with hip fractures undergoing standardized intravenous systemic analgesia. The intervention group consisted of elderly patients with hip fractures undergoing PENG block and standardized systemic analgesia. The groups were evaluated at rest and during movement using the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. We determined pain intensity and reduction, in addition to the degree of tolerable flexion of the fractured hip. All patient assessments occurred before the medication or block administration and at 45 minutes, 12, 24, and 36 hours postmedication or block. Results Preoperatively and 24 hours after PENG block, elderly subjects with hip fracture showed a significant reduction in pain at rest or movement compared to control patients (p< 0.05), with 60% of patients assessed at rest demonstrating desirable pain reduction (≥50%) and only 13.3% of the control group achieving the desired pain reduction. During movement, after undergoing PENG block, 40% of subjects demonstrated the desired pain reduction and no patient from the control group. The intervention group also showed a significant improvement in the tolerable hip flexion group (p< 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative PENG block in elderly subjects with hip fractures admitted to the emergency sector provided a significant reduction in pain compared with the control group. (PENG Additionally prospective randomized analgesia PAINAD (PAINAD scale 4 minutes 12 3 2 p< p (p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) 60 ≥50% 50 (≥50% 133 13 13.3 40 0.05. . 1 00 0.0 6 ≥50 5 (≥50 13. 0. ≥5 (≥5 ≥ (≥ (

Resumo Objetivos Este estudo avaliou a intensidade da dor em idosos acometidos por fratura do quadril internados no setor de emergência e submetidos ao Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block no pré-operatório. Ademais, o grau de flexão tolerável do quadril foi avaliado. Métodos Ensaio clínico, prospectivo, aleatorizado e controlado em grupos paralelos. O grupo controle consiste em idosos com fratura do quadril, submetidos à analgesia sistêmica endovenosa padronizada. O grupo intervenção consiste em idosos com fratura do quadril submetidos ao PENG block e analgesia sistêmica padronizada. Os grupos foram avaliados em repouso e durante o movimento pela escala de dor Pain Assessment in Advance Dementia (PAINAD). Aferiram-se intensidade da dor e redução álgica, assim como o grau de flexão tolerável do quadril fraturado. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados previamente à administração de medicação ou bloqueio e aos 45 minutos, 12, 24 e 36 horas pós-medicação ou bloqueio. Resultados No pré-operatório e 24 horas após o PENG block, idosos com fratura do quadril apresentaram redução significativa da dor em repouso ou movimento em comparação com o controle (p< 0,05), com 60% dos pacientes avaliados em repouso, demonstrando a redução álgica desejável de ≥ 50% e apenas 13,3% do grupo controle com redução álgica desejável. Durante o movimento, após o PENG block, 40% demonstraram redução álgica desejada e nenhum paciente do grupo controle apresentou a redução desejada. Verificou-se, também, no grupo intervenção a melhora significativa da flexão tolerável do quadril (p < 0,05). Conclusão O PENG block no pré-operatório de idosos com fratura do quadril, internados no setor de emergência, proporcionou redução significativa da dor em comparação ao grupo controle. (PENG préoperatório. préoperatório pré operatório. operatório Ademais avaliado clínico prospectivo paralelos padronizada PAINAD. PAINAD . (PAINAD) Aferiramse Aferiram se fraturado 4 minutos 12 2 3 pósmedicação pós p< p 0,05, 005 0,05 , 0 05 0,05) 60 50 133 13 13,3 40 Verificouse, Verificouse Verificou se, Verificou-se também 0,05. (PAINAD 1 00 0,0 6 5 13, 0,

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by chromosomal instability and increased predisposition to malignancy. The diagnosis of FA requires clinical evaluation, confirmation of chromosomal fragility and/or analysis of genetic mutations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the clinical profile of patients with FA in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: We analyzed 100 individuals referred from the major hematology and bone marrow (BM) transplant centers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between the years 2018 and 2022. The diagnosis of FA was performed using the mitomycin C chromosomal fragility test, clinical data and classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. Results: We enrolled a total of 16 patients with FA to comprise this study. Most of these individuals (87.5%) came from the Agreste and Sertão regions of Pernambuco. We observed a slight female prevalence of FA (1.3:1). The primary clinical and laboratory findings were café au lait spots (62.5%) and bone abnormalities (53%, mainly thumb deformities [40%]). We performed BM cytogenetic analysis for eight patients – seven showed no chromosomal abnormalities and one presented the karyotype 47,XY,+21 [15]. Conclusions: Our results are important to promote public health measures for the early diagnosis of FA, as well as to foster the engagement of a multidisciplinary group in the treatment of this disease. Introduction (FA malignancy evaluation andor or mutations Therefore Pernambuco Brazil Method 10 (BM 201 2022 test analyses Results 1 87.5% 875 87 5 (87.5% 1.31. 131 1.3 . 3 (1.3:1) 62.5% 625 62 (62.5% 53%, 53 (53% 40%. 40 40% [40%]) 47XY21 XY 47 21 47,XY,+2 15. 15 [15] Conclusions 20 202 87.5 8 (87.5 31 1.31 13 1. (1.3:1 62.5 6 (62.5 53% (53 4 [40%] 47XY2 2 47,XY,+ [15 87. (87. (1.3: 62. (62. (5 [40% 47XY 47,XY, [1 (87 (1.3 (62 ( [40 47,XY [ (8 (1. (6 [4 (1

This dataset contains observations of tomato growth in a production-like setting, at research greenhouses. Two plants in each of three growth cycles were continuously monitored and pictures were taken every other day from above and from a side view while a weighting system was used to record changes in weight of plant and water in the substrate. Other plants in the environment were subjected to destructive analysis in general every two weeks to quantify aspects of growth that required destructive measurements, such as dry weight and plant leaf area, and these records are also included in the dataset, including the scans of digitized leaves. Plant samples destined to destructive measurements also had their pictures taken before removal. In total, 618 photos of monitored and removed plants were annotated, and masks of leaf, fruit and mature fruit are also provided. The dataset also includes measurements of photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature recorded inside the greenhouses by two sets of different sensors during the growth cycles. The dataset allows for applications regarding growth monitoring and computer vision tasks.

Researchers using crop models have been devising new roles for data and crop modeling based on the former’s increased availability and the new techniques developed for the latter. From the various available techniques, modeling may be tackled by data-driven methods or through a process-based approach. Process-based or mechanistic models may nonetheless take advantage of real-time observations through data assimilation. And while this approach has been widely used for field crops, this is not the case for crops grown in protected environments. We present a case study of data assimilation in a protected environment, capturing tomato growth data from different sources. We updated growth estimates of the Reduced State TOMGRO model, by assimilating observational data obtained through the continuous monitoring of plant mass and images captured by low-cost cameras, using the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Ensemble Kalman Filter. Since these techniques had not been used yet in the protected cultivation of tomatoes, it was necessary to develop the observation models as well, establishing the relationship between the observed variables and the ones estimated by the process-based model. The employed measurements, i.e., area of organs observed in pictures and plant-water mass, seemed suitable for tracking plant growth and for obtaining good approximations of the state variables estimated by the model. However, the quality of observations and of observation models was crucial for good performance of the assimilation techniques. As with other crops, it was not the case that assimilating one observation was useful for improving the value of others, including yield. We also observed that the assimilation performed better than calibrated models when there was a need to adjust the estimates to growth disturbances and that when filters lead to better yield estimates, continuous observations may not be required. There are then several steps and decisions that should be considered when bringing the idea from its application in field crops to protected environments and more studies are required to better determine the best approach.

Resumo O estresse infantil está relacionado com a falta de repertório da criança e do adolescente para lidar com situações que causam irritação ou medo. Embora o acolhimento institucional temporário seja uma medida de proteção prevista pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), também é fonte causadora de mudanças significativas na vida dessas pessoas, que, para lidar com esses eventos, utilizam estratégias de enfrentamento a fim de regular suas ações sob estresse. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de descrever o estresse e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por crianças e adolescentes acolhidos em casas lares. Participaram 4 crianças e 11 adolescentes, com idades entre 8 e 17 anos e 11 meses, em situação de acolhimento institucional em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. Além da caracterização sociodemográfica dos participantes, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI), Escala de Stress Adolescente (ESA) e entrevista semiestruturada para identificação das estratégias de enfrentamento. Os resultados indicaram que o tempo de acolhimento dos participantes é superior aos dois anos determinados pela legislação, que os níveis de estresse foram baixos para os participantes, sendo menores para aqueles acolhidos há mais tempo, e que as principais estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas foram a busca por apoio e a oposição. Recomendam-se outros estudos, considerando que o vínculo afetivo estabelecido entre as crianças e adolescentes com os funcionários mais próximos aparenta colaborar positivamente no uso de estratégia de coping adaptativo e o acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes é um possível fator protetor contra o estresse.

Abstract Childhood stress is related to the lack of repertory on the part of children and adolescents in dealing with situations that cause anger or fear. Although a protective action provided for by the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), temporary shelters can cause significant changes in the lives of these people, who adopt a series of coping strategies to regulate their actions under stress. This research aimed to describe stress and coping strategies adopted by sheltered children and adolescents. The study was conducted with four children and 11 adolescents aged between eight and 17 years and 11 months who were living in a shelter in the countryside of São Paulo. Data comprised the sociodemographic characteristics of participants and the coping strategies employed by them, collected using the following instruments: the Child Stress Scale (ESI), the Adolescent Stress Scale (ESA), and a semi-structured interview. The results indicate that participants’ stay within the shelter exceed the two years determined by the legislation. Participants also presented low stress levels, especially those sheltered longer. Moreover, support seeking and opposition were the main coping strategies adopted. Considering that the affective bond established between sheltered children and adolescents with the closest employees seems to corroborate in the use of adaptive coping strategies and that shelter may be a stress protective factor, further studies addressing the theme are suggested.

Resumen El estrés infantil está relacionado con la falta de repertorio de niños y adolescentes al enfrentar situaciones que le causan ira o miedo. Aunque el albergue es una medida de protección disponible por el Estatuto de Niños y Adolescentes (ECA), puede causar cambios significativos en la vida de estas personas, y para hacer frente a estos eventos, se utilizan estrategias de enfrentamiento para regular sus acciones bajo estrés. Esta investigación pretende describir el estrés y las estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas por los niños y adolescentes acogidos. Participaron cuatro niños y 11 adolescentes, con edades de entre 8 y 17 años y 11 meses, que viven en situación de albergue en una ciudad del estado de São Paulo. Además de la caracterización sociodemográfica de los participantes, se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: la Escala de Estrés Infantil (ESI), la Escala de Stress para Adolescente (ESA) y una entrevista semiestructurada para identificar estrategias de enfrentamiento. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes permanecieron más tiempo en el albergue que los dos años según lo determinado por la legislación, que los niveles de estrés fueron bajos para los participantes y menores para los que estuvieron más tiempo acogidos y que las principales estrategias de supervivencia fueron la búsqueda de apoyo y la oposición. Se recomiendan otros estudios, considerando que el vínculo afectivo establecido de los niños y adolescentes con los empleados más cercanos parece colaborar positivamente en el uso de una estrategia de coping adaptativa, y que el acogimiento institucional puede ser un factor protectivo de estrés.

ABSTRACT: Sugarcane mills in Brazil collect a vast amount of data relating to production on an annual basis. The analysis of this type of database is complex, especially when factors relating to varieties, climate, detailed management techniques, and edaphic conditions are taken into account. The aim of this paper was to perform a decision tree analysis of a detailed database from a production unit and to evaluate the actionable patterns found in terms of their usefulness for increasing production. The decision tree revealed interpretable patterns relating to sugarcane yield (R2 = 0.617), certain of which were actionable and had been previously studied and reported in the literature. Based on two actionable patterns relating to soil chemistry, intervention which will increase production by almost 2 % were suitable for recommendation. The method was successful in reproducing the knowledge of experts of the factors which influence sugarcane yield, and the decision trees can support the decision-making process in the context of production and the formulation of hypotheses for specific experiments.

ABSTRACT: The present research hypothesized that the thermal, lighting and acoustic environments in commercial swine farrowing rooms vary over time and from crate to crate. This study was conducted on 27 replicates in two commercial farrowing rooms in North Central Indiana, each equipped with 60 farrowing crates. Temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, sound intensity, and air velocity were continuously monitored and estimated for each crate at the sow level, for 48 h post-farrowing, which is usually a critical period for piglet survivability. Average daily temperature for all the crates in Room 1 was 24.1 ± 2.0 °C, 1.0 °C lower (p < 0.05) than in Room 2. Although the overall mean temperature was similar between rooms and seasons, frequency distribution diagrams revealed that the proportion of time spent within distinct limits of mean daily temperature ranged from 15.0 °C to 28.0 °C and varied substantially between rooms and seasons. Similar results were found for all variables measured in this study. Differences in temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, air velocity, and sound intensity in crates were as high as 9.6 °C, 57 %, 3,847.3 Lx, 0.87 m s–1, and 38.7 dBC, respectively, in the same farrowing room when measured at the same instant. The results of the present research indicate that aspects that go beyond the physical environment of the sows, such as thermal, lighting, and acoustic environment can vary substantially over time and between crates of automatically climate controlled farrowing rooms. These differences should be taken into consideration in production setting and research.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, em análise harmônica aplicada a uma série temporal de índices de vegetação Modis, com a representação dos termos harmônicos. Os dados diários de precipitação pluvial para o Estado de São Paulo foram obtidos do Agritempo, acumulados para o período de 16 dias das composições Modis, ao longo das safras de 2004/2005 a 2011/2012. Utilizaram-se o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) e o índice de realce da vegetação (EVI) em séries temporais decompostas em termos harmônicos pela análise harmônica. Para visualizar a condição de crescimento da vegetação de áreas agrícolas, em especial a informação de fase, aplicou-se a transformação HLS aos termos harmônicos obtidos com o algoritmo Hants, por meio do programa Envi. O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo apresenta padrões espaciais coerentes com o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura e consistentes com a variabilidade das precipitações sazonais que afetam diretamente o momento de máximo dos índices de vegetação. O pico vegetativo da cana-de-açúcar ocorre durante a fase de crescimento, em anos com chuvas normais; porém, em anos de pouca chuva, a fase de maturação da cultura é antecipada e, em anos de muita chuva, a fase de crescimento é antecipada, o que causa o atraso da maturação.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate sugarcane cultivation, in a harmonic analysis applied to a time series of Modis vegetation indices, with the representation of harmonic terms. Daily rainfall data were obtained from Agritempo for the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and accumulated for a period of 16 days of Modis compositions, from the 2004/2005 to 2011/2012 crop seasons. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were used in time-series decomposed in harmonic terms by the harmonic analysis. In order to visualize the growing conditions of vegetation in agricultural areas, specially the phase information, the HLS transformation was applied to the harmonic terms obtained by the Hants algorithm, using Envi software. Sugarcane cultivation in the state of São Paulo shows spatial patterns that are coherent with the sugarcane development cycle and consistent with the variability of seasonal rainfall that directly affect the maximum period of vegetation indices. The peak growth stage of sugarcane occurs in years of normal rainfall; however, in years with below normal rainfall, sugarcane maturation phase is anticipated, and, in years with above normal rainfall, the growth phase is anticipated, which causes maturation delay.

OBJETIVOS: apresentar um método analógico de planejamento pré-operatório de artroplastias totais primárias de quadril baseado na medida dos componentes pela sobreposição das transparências da prótese sobre a radiografia pré-operatória. E verificar a acurácia, tanto na previsão do tamanho do componente acetabular e do componente femoral usado como na restauração do offsete na correção das dismetrias.MÉTODOS: entre março de 2005 e julho de 2009 foram analisadas 56 artroplastias totais pri- márias de quadril feitas em 56 pacientes no Hospital Estadual Mário Covas. As medidas dos componentes femorais e acetabulares obtidas no planejamento foram comparadas com as que foram usadas na cirurgia. Os offsetmedidos no planejamento pré-operatório foram comparados com os medidos na radiografia pós-operatória. A dismetria foi avaliada nos momentos pré e pós-operatórios.RESULTADOS: foi observada uma acurácia de 78,6% (p < 0,001) na previsão do tamanho do com- ponente acetabular e de 82,2% (p < 0,001) na previsão da haste femoral. Os offsetmedidos no planejamento pré-operatório foram estatisticamente semelhantes aos offsetmedidos na radiografia pós-operatória. No pós-operatório observamos a equalização absoluta em 48,2% dos casos. Em 87,5% a dismetria foi igual a ou menor do que 1 cm e em 69,6% foi igual a ou menor do que 0,5 cm.CONCLUSÕES: a acurácia foi de 78,6% e 82,2%, respectivamente, para os componentes aceta- bulares e femorais. Os offsetplanejados pré-operatório foram estaticamente semelhantes aos medidos na radiografia pós-operatória. Verificamos equalização absoluta em 48,2% dos casos.

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study was to present an analog method for preoperative planning of primary total hip arthroplasty procedures based on measuring the components by overlaying the transparencies of the prosthesis on the preoperative radiographs and checking the accuracy, both for predicting the size of the acetabular and femoral components used and for restoring the offset and correcting the dysmetria.METHODS: between March 2005 and July 2009, 56 primary total hip arthroplasty procedures performed on 56 patients at the Mario Covas State Hospital in Santo André were analyzed. The measurements on the femoral and acetabular components obtained through planning were compared with those that were used in the surgery. The offsets measured through the preoperative planning were compared with those measured on the postoperative radiographs. Dysmetria was evaluated before and after the operation.RESULTS: accuracy of 78.6% (p< 0.001) in predicting the size of the acetabular component and 82.2% (p < 0.001) in predicting the femoral nail was observed. The offsets measured through preoperative planning were statistically similar to the offsets measured on the postoperative radiographs. After the operation, we observed absolute equalization in 48.2% of the cases. In 87.5%, the dysmetria was less than or equal to 1 cm and in 69.6%, it was less than or equal to 0.5 cm.CONCLUSIONS: the accuracy was 78.6% and 82.2%, respectively, for the acetabular and femoral components. The offsets that were planned preoperatively were statistically similar to those measured on postoperative radiographs. We found absolute equalization in 48.2% of the cases.

Incubatório de ovos é um setor de grande importância na Avicultura de postura. Com a redução dos custos dos equipamentos de informática cresce o armazenamento de dados para gerenciamento do processo produtivo. A Mineração de Dados surge como uma técnica para identificar conhecimentos novos e úteis nos bancos de dados. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, explorar a técnica Arvore de Decisão em banco de dados de incubatórios de matrizes de postura, visando a elaboração de padrões de incubação. Foram disponibilizados, pela empresa Hy-Line do Brasil Ltda, dados de incubação entre os anos de 2002 e 2006 da linhagem Hy-Line W-36. Dois experimentos foram realizados. Em um deles, valores acima dos estabelecidos pela empresa como desejado para o índice "fêmeas nascidas vendáveis" foram identificados como relevantes para a geração das regras. No outro, valores abaixo dos estabelecidos pela empresa foram identificados como relevantes para a geração das regras. Foi utilizado o algoritmo Entropia C 4.5 e o software SAS-Enterprise Miner como ferramenta de análise . Como conclusão deste estudo, foi possível observar que com a técnica estudada, os dados utilizados no gerenciamento de produção são suficientes para identificar conhecimentos novos, úteis e aplicáveis a fim de melhorar a produtividade das empresas incubadoras, atendendo à demanda com diminuição do desperdício.

Hatchery is a very important sector in egg production. As computers become cheaper, there is an increase in data storage for the production management process. Data Mining has appeared as a technique to identify new and useful knowledge in databases. The objective of this work was to explore the Decision Tree technique in hatchery databases to identify the best standards of the incubation process. The data set used in this research was supplied by Hy-Line do Brasil Ltda., corresponding to the incubation period of 2002-2006, from the strain Hy-line W-36. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, values higher than the company's standards for saleable females were identified as relevant to generate the rules. In the second experiment, values below those established by the company were identified as relevant for the generation of rules. Entropy C 4.5 algorithm and the software SAS-Enterprise Miner were used for data analysis. The conclusion is that, with the technique studied, the data used for production management are sufficient to identify new, useful and applicable knowledge in order to increase productivity of hatcheries, catering for the demand with less waste.

Um dos desafios da agricultura de precisão é oferecer subsídios para a definição de unidades de manejo para posteriores intervenções. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos químicos do solo e a produtividade da cultura de cana-de-açúcar por meio da geoestatística e mineração de dados pela indução da árvore de decisão. A produtividade da cana-de-açúcar foi mapeada em uma área de aproximadamente 23ha, utilizando-se o critério de célula, por meio de um monitor de produtividade que permitiu a elaboração de um mapa digital que representa a superfície de produção para a área em estudo. Para determinar os atributos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, foram coletadas as amostras no início da safra 2006/2007, utilizando-se uma grade regular de 50 x 50m, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2m e 0,2-0,4m. Os dados dos atributos do solo e da produtividade foram analisados por meio da técnica de goestatística e classificados em três níveis de produção para indução de árvore de decisão. A árvore de decisão foi induzida no programa SAS Enterprise Miner, sendo utilizado algoritmo baseado na redução de entropia. As variáveis altitude e potássio apresentaram os maiores valores de correlação com a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar. A indução de árvores de decisão permitiu verificar que a altitude é a variável com maior potencial para interpretar os mapas de produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, auxiliando na agricultura de precisão e mostrando-se uma ferramenta adequada para o estudo de definição de zonas de manejo em área cultivada com essa cultura.

One of the challenges of precision agriculture is to offer subsidies for the definition of management units for posterior interventions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate soil chemical attributes and sugarcane yield with the use of geostatistics and data mining by decision tree induction. Sugarcane yield was mapped in a 23ha field, applying the cell criterion, by using a yield monitor that allowed the elaboration of a digital map representing the surface of production of the studied area. To determine the soil attributes, soil samples were collected at the beginning of the harvest in 2006/2007 using a regular grid of 50 x 50m, in the depths of 0.0-0.2m and 0.2-0.4m. Soil attributes and sugarcane yield data were analyzed by using geostatistics techniques and were classified into three yield levels for the elaboration of the decision tree. The decision tree was induced in the software SAS Enterprise Miner, using an algorithm based on entropy reduction. Altitude and potassium presented the highest values of correlation with sugarcane yield. The induction of decision trees showed that the altitude is the variable with the greatest potential to interpret the sugarcane yield maps, then assisting in precision agriculture and, revealing an adjusted tool for the study of management definition zones in area cropped with sugarcane.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver árvores de decisão como modelos de alerta da ferrugem-do-cafeeiro em lavouras de café (Coffea arabica L.) com alta carga pendente de frutos. Dados de incidência mensal da doença no campo coletados durante oito anos foram transformados em valores binários considerando limites de 5 e 10 pontos percentuais na taxa de infecção. Foi gerado um modelo para cada taxa de infecção binária a partir de dados meteorológicos e do espaçamento entre plantas. O alerta é indicado quando a taxa de infecção, prevista para o prazo de um mês, atingir ou ultrapassar o respectivo limite. A acurácia do modelo para o limite de 5 pontos percentuais foi de 81%, por validação cruzada, chegando até 89% segundo estimativa otimista. Esse modelo apresentou bons resultados para outras medidas de avaliação importantes, como sensitividade (80%), especificidade (83%) e confiabilidades positiva (79%) e negativa (84%). O modelo para o limite de 10 pontos percentuais teve acurácia de 79%, e não apresentou o mesmo equilíbrio entre as demais medidas. Em conjunto, esses modelos podem auxiliar na tomada de decisão referente ao controle da ferrugem-do-cafeeiro no campo. A indução de árvores de decisão é alternativa viável às técnicas convencionais de modelagem e facilita a compreensão dos modelos.

The objective of this work was to develop decision trees as warning models of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) rust in growing areas with large fruit load. Monthly data of disease incidence in the field collected during eight years were transformed into binary values considering limits of 5 and 10 percentage points in the infection rate. Models were generated from meteorological data and space between plants for each binary infection rate. The warning is indicated when the infection rate is expected to reach or exceed the respective limit in a month. The accuracy obtained by cross-validating the model to the limit of 5 percentage points was 81%, reaching up to 89% according to an optimistic estimate. This model showed good results for other important evaluation measures, such as sensitivity (80%), specificity (83%), positive reliability (79%), and negative reliability (84%). The model for the limit of 10 percentage points had a 79% accuracy and did not show the same balance among the other evaluation measures. Together, these two models may support the decisions about coffee rust control in the field. The decision tree induction is a viable alternative to conventional modeling techniques, thus facilitating the comprehension of the models.

As ondas de calor provocam perdas na produção animal pela sua exposição ao estresse por calor aumentando a mortalidade, e consequentemente, perdas econômicas. Bancos de dados zootécnicos e meteorológicos históricos podem conter informações que permitem modelar a mortalidade de frangos devido à incidência de ondas de calor. O objetivo foi analisar bancos de dados de frangos de corte associados a dados meteorológicos utilizando técnicas de mineração de dados, seleção de atributos e classificação (árvore de decisão) para modelar o impacto da incidência de onda de calor na mortalidade de frangos de corte. O Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) foi utilizado para descrever parte dos dados ambientais. A técnica de Mineração de Dados permitiu a construção de três modelos compreensíveis para estimar a alta mortalidade em frangos de corte. Os modelos gerados pela abordagem de seleção de atributos por Análise dos Componentes Principais e Wrapper apresentaram igual desempenho com uma precisão total de 89,3% e a classificação para alta mortalidade foi de 83,3%. Quando a seleção foi feita por especialistas do domínio, a precisão do modelo foi de 85,7%, e a da classificação para alta mortalidade foi de 76,9%. Resultados meteorológicos e o ITU calculada a partir de estações meteorológicas permitiram identificar condições ambientais prejudiciais para frangos entre 29 e 42 dias de vida. A técnica de Mineração de Dados é aplicável para construir modelos preditivos para a produção animal.

Heat waves usually result in losses of animal production since they are exposed to thermal stress inducing an increase in mortality and consequent economical losses. Animal science and meteorological databases from the last years contain enough data in the poultry production business to allow the modeling of mortality losses due to heat wave incidence. This research analyzes a database of broiler production associated to climatic data, using data mining techniques such as attribute selection and data classification (decision tree) to model the impact of heat wave incidence on broiler mortality. The temperature and humidity index (THI) was used for screening environmental data. The data mining techniques allowed the development of three comprehensible models for estimating specifically high mortality during broiler production. Two models yielded a classification accuracy of 89.3% by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Wrapper feature selection approaches. Both models obtained a class precision of 0.83 for classifying high mortality. When the feature selection was made by the domain experts, the model accuracy reached 85.7%, while the class precision of high mortality was 0.76. Meteorological data and the calculated THI from meteorological stations were helpful to select the range of harmful environmental conditions for broilers 29 and 42 days old. The data mining techniques were useful for building animal production models.