RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la necesidad de desarrollar una aplicación con información sobre la vacuna contra el sarampión para los indígenas Warao. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, realizado en el refugio de refugiados llamado Espacio de Acolhida Tapanã, en la ciudad de Belém, Pará, Brasil. La muestra del estudio fue por conveniencia. Los datos fueron analizados de forma descriptiva, mediante el software Bioestat 5.0. Resultados: se entrevistaron a 21 indígenas Warao. Se identificó que el 91% (n=20) perdieron su tarjeta de vacunación; el 91% (n=20) afirmó que perdió la tarjeta de vacunación más de 3 veces y el 91% afirmó que les gustaría una aplicación para guardar su información de vacunación. Conclusiones: La investigación proporcionó información importante para la construcción de una aplicación de salud llamada WaraoMedI (Warao Measles Diversity Indigenous), así como proporcionó a los profesionales de enfermería evidencia sobre las dificultades de los indígenas Warao refugiados para autogestionar información sobre vacunación Objetivo Métodos cuantitativo Tapanã Belém Pará Brasil conveniencia descriptiva 50 5 0 5.0 Resultados 2 91 n=20 n20 n 20 (n=20 Conclusiones Indigenous, Indigenous , Indigenous) 5. 9 n=2 n2 (n=2 n= (n= (n

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the need to develop an application with information about the measles vaccine for Warao indigenous people. Methods: This was a quantitative study conducted at the Espaço de Acolhimento Tapanã refugee shelter in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The study sample was selected for convenience. Data were analyzed descriptively using Bioestat 5.0 software. Results: Twenty-one Warao indigenous individuals were interviewed. It was identified that 91% (n=20) had lost their vaccination card; 91% (n=20) stated they had lost their vaccination card more than three times, and 91% expressed interest in an application to store their vaccination information. Conclusions: The research provided important information for the development of a health application named WaraoMedI (Warao Measles Diversity Indigenous), as well as offered nursing professionals evidence about the challenges Warao indigenous refugees face in self-managing their vaccination information. Objective people Methods Belém Pará Brazil convenience 50 5 0 5. software Results Twentyone Twenty one interviewed 91 n=20 n20 n 20 (n=20 times Conclusions Indigenous, Indigenous , Indigenous) selfmanaging self managing 9 n=2 n2 2 (n=2 n= (n= (n

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a necessidade de desenvolver um aplicativo com informações sobre a vacina antissarampo para indígenas Warao. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, realizado no abrigo de refugiados chamado Espaço de Acolhimento Tapanã, na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Amostra do estudo foi por conveniência. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva, por meio do software Bioestat 5.0. Resultados: foram entrevistados 21 indígenas Warao. Identificou-se que 91% (n=20) perderam o cartão de vacina; 91% (n=20) afirmaram que perderam o cartão de vacina mais de 3 vezes e 91% afirmaram que gostariam de um aplicativo para guardar suas informações de vacina. Conclusões: A pesquisa ofereceu informações importantes para a construção de um aplicativo em saúde chamado WaraoMedI (Warao Mesles Diversity Indigenous), assim como disponibilizou aos profissionais de enfermagem evidências sobre as dificuldades de os indígenas Warao refugiados autogerenciarem informações sobre vacina. Objetivo Métodos quantitativo Tapanã Belém Pará Brasil conveniência descritiva 50 5 0 5.0 Resultados 2 Identificouse Identificou se 91 n=20 n20 n 20 (n=20 Conclusões Indigenous, Indigenous , Indigenous) 5. 9 n=2 n2 (n=2 n= (n= (n

We used psychophysical tests to evaluate spatial vision in 15 subjects with a clinical history of chronic alcoholism by measuring luminance contrast sensitivity and color discrimination. The subjects were initially subjected to clinical inquiry and ophthalmological exam. Subjects then performed psychophysical tests to measure spatial contrast thresholds using sine wave gratings of different spatial frequencies and contrasts and chromatic discrimination thresholds using the Mollon-Reffin test. For the analysis, subjects were divided into three groups according to age and compared with age-matched controls. Ten subjects had some degree of color vision loss, which was quite severe in seven cases. All subjects had normal luminance contrast sensitivity. The results suggest that color vision changes related to chronic alcoholism can occur in the absence of impairment of spatial luminance contrast sensitivity and thus is an important aspect to be considered in the clinical evaluation of this condition.

Visual perception and action are strongly linked with parallel processing channels connecting the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the input layers of the primary visual cortex. Achromatic vision is provided by at least two of such channels formed by the M and P neurons. These cell pathways are similarly organized in primates having different lifestyles, including species that are diurnal, nocturnal, and which exhibit a variety of color vision phenotypes. We describe the M and P cell properties by 3D Gábor functions and their 3D Fourier transform. The M and P cells occupy different loci in the Gábor information diagram or Fourier Space. This separation allows the M and P pathways to transmit visual signals with distinct 6D joint entropy for space, spatial frequency, time, and temporal frequency. By combining the M and P impacts on the cortical neurons beyond V1 input layers, the cortical pathways are able to process aspects of visual stimuli with a better precision than it would be possible using the M or P pathway alone. This performance fulfils the requirements of different behavioral tasks.

O potencial provocado visual (VEP) é uma resposta cortical registrável na superfície do couro cabeludo, que reflete a atividade dos neurônios de V1. é classificado, a partir da freqüência temporal de estimulação, em transiente ou de estado estacionário. Outras propriedades do estímulo parecem provocar uma atividade seletiva dos diversos grupos de neurônios existentes em V1. Desse modo, o VEP vem sendo usado para estudar a visão humana acromática e cromática. Diversos trabalhos usaram o VEP para estimar a sensibilidade ao contraste de luminância no domínio das freqüências espaciais. Mais recentemente, há estudos que empregaram o VEP para medir os limiares de discriminação de cores. O VEP transiente pode complementar as medidas psicofísicas de sensibilidade ao contraste espacial de luminância e de discriminação cromática, e constitui um método não invasivo para estudar a visão de indivíduos com dificuldades de realizar testes psicofísicos.

The Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) is a cortical response obtainable on the scalp. It usually reflects the activity from V1 neurons. It is classified in transient or steady-state, according with the temporal frequency of stimulation. Other stimuli properties evoke a selective activity from different neuronal groups found in V1. This way, VEP have been used to study luminance and chromatic human vision. Several studies used VEP to estimate luminance contrast sensitivity in the spatial frequency domain. More recently, some studies used VEP to measure color discrimination thresholds. The transient VEP shows a good agreement with psychophysical measurements of spatial luminance contrast sensitivity and color discrimination, being a noninvasive method to study vision from subjects with difficulty to perform psychophysical tests.

Le potenciel évoqué visuel (VEP) est une réponse corticale qui peut être enregistrée à la surface du cuir chevelu. Il reflète l'activité des neurones de V1 et est classifié, selon la fréquence de stimulation temporale, en transitoire ou stationnaire. D'autres propriétés du stimulus semblent provoquer une activité sélective des divers groupes de neurones existants dans V1. Ainsi, le VEP est utilisé pour étudier la vision humaine achromatique et chromatique. Divers travaux ont utilisé le VEP pour estimer la sensibilité au contraste de luminance dans le domaine des fréquences spatiales. Plus récemment, des études ont utilisé le VEP pour mesurer les seuils de discrimination des couleurs. Le VEP transitoire peut compléter les mesures psychophysiques de sensibilité au contraste spatial de luminance et de discrimination chromatique et constitue une méthode non envahissante pour étudier la vision des sujets avec des difficultés à réaliser les tests psychophysiques.