ABSTRACT Weeds are responsible for large losses in grain quality and quantity of beans produced. Therefore, studies on competition between beans and weeds are important to achieve more efficient crop management while reducing the use of herbicides. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of bean cultivars (BRS Estilo, IPR Urutau, IAC 1850 and IPR Tangará) in the presence of hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) with different proportions of plants in the association. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in different proportions of common bean and hairy fleabane plants: 20:00, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, and 0:20 plants pot-1. The competitive ability of the species was analyzed using diagrams applied in substitution experiments and relative competitive ability indices. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, gas exchange and shoot dry matter were measured 40 days after plant emergence. Negative effects were observed for both the crop and hairy fleabane, as both species competed for the same resources available in the environment. Interspecific competition caused greater damage to plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter of the species than intraspecific competition. Common bean achieved higher photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency in the presence of hairy fleabane. Common bean cultivars have a greater competitive ability against hairy fleabane. produced Therefore herbicides Thus BRS Estilo Urutau 185 Tangará Conyza bonariensis association replicates 2000, 2000 20 00, 00 20:00 155, 155 15 5, 5 15:5 1010, 1010 10 10, 10:10 515, 515 15, 5:15 020 0 0:2 pot1. pot1 pot 1. 1 pot-1 indices height diameter 4 emergence environment 18 200 2 20:0 15: 101 10:1 51 5:1 02 0: pot- 20: 10: 5:

RESUMO As plantas daninhas são responsáveis por grandes perdas na qualidade e na quantidade de grãos de feijão produzido. Portanto, estudos sobre a competição entre o feijoeiro e as plantas daninhas são importantes para alcançar um manejo mais eficiente da cultura e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir o uso de herbicidas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a habilidade competitiva de cultivares de feijão (BRS Estilo, IPR Urutau, IAC 1850 e IPR Tangará) na presença de buva (Conyza bonariensis), em diferentes proporções de plantas na associação. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em diferentes proporções de plantas de feijão e buva: 20:00, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 e 0:20 plantas vaso-1. A habilidade competitiva das espécies foi analisada por meio de diagramas aplicados em experimentos substitutivos e índices de competitividade relativa. A altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule, a área foliar, as trocas gasosas e a massa seca da parte aérea foram medidos 40 dias após a emergência das plantas. Foram observados efeitos negativos tanto para a cultura quanto para a buva, uma vez que ambas as espécies competiram pelos mesmos recursos disponíveis no meio. A competição interespecífica causou maiores prejuízos à altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar e massa seca das espécies em relação à competição intraespecífica. O feijoeiro manteve maiores taxas fotossintéticas e maior eficiência no uso da água na presença da buva. As cultivares de feijoeiro apresentam maior habilidade competitiva em relação à buva. produzido Portanto tempo herbicidas Assim BRS Estilo Urutau 185 Tangará Conyza bonariensis, bonariensis , bonariensis) associação vegetação casualizados repetições 2000, 2000 20 00, 00 20:00 155, 155 15 5, 5 15:5 1010, 1010 10 10, 10:10 515 5:1 020 0 0:2 vaso1. vaso1 vaso 1. 1 vaso-1 relativa caule 4 intraespecífica 18 200 2 20:0 15: 101 10:1 51 5: 02 0: vaso- 20: 10:

ABSTRACT Research on the use of anaerobic filters as an alternative material to gravel is fundamental, especially if they are low cost and highly efficient in the treatment of swine wastewater (SWW). This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of anaerobic filters filled with waste from the ceramic industry (WCI) as an alternative material to gravel in swine wastewater treatment. The experimental set-up consisted of three anaerobic polyvinyl chloride filters filled with WCI. A randomized block experimental design was used, with four treatments (evaluations of effects at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days) and three blocks, in a scheme of repeated measures over time. The univariate procedure was employed, and we sought to evaluate only the profile of the change in each response variable, between each evaluation time point. The anaerobic filter filled with WCI is a promising option in the treatment of swine effluents from small farms, presenting over 120 days of operation and average removals of 20%–50% of the color, 40%–70% of total solids, 45%– 75% of turbidity, 45%–55% of total nitrogen, and 33%–45% of total phosphorus. fundamental SWW. SWW . (SWW) (WCI setup set up used evaluations 30 60 90 12 blocks employed variable point farms 2050 20 50 20%–50 color 4070 40 70 40%–70 solids 45 45% 75 turbidity 4555 55 45%–55 nitrogen 3345 33 33%–45 phosphorus (SWW 3 6 9 1 205 2 5 20%–5 407 4 7 40%–7 455 45%–5 334 33%–4 20%– 40%– 33%– 20% 40% 33%

RESUMO Pesquisas utilizando filtros anaeróbios com materiais alternativos à brita tornam-se fundamentais, principalmente se forem de baixo custo e possibilitem elevada eficiência no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS). Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de filtros anaeróbios preenchidos com resíduos de indústrias de cerâmica (RICs) como materiais alternativos à brita, no tratamento A bancada experimental foi constituída de 3 filtros anaeróbios de policloreto de vinila (PVC), preenchidos com RICs. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (avaliações dos efeitos aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) e três blocos, em esquema de medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo adotado o procedimento univariado, buscando-se avaliar apenas o perfil das diferenças de cada uma das variáveis-resposta, entre cada uma das idades de avaliação. O filtro anaeróbio preenchido com resíduo de cerâmica apresenta-se como uma opção promissora no tratamento de efluentes de suinocultura de pequenas propriedades familiares, apresentando, ao longo de 120 dias de funcionamento, remoções médias de 20 a 50 % da cor, 40 a 70% de sólidos totais, 45 a 75% de turbidez, 45 a 55% de N-total e 33 a 45% de P-total. tornamse tornam fundamentais ARS. ARS . (ARS) estudo objetivouse objetivou RICs (RICs PVC, PVC , (PVC) casualizados avaliações 30 60 9 12 tempo univariado buscandose buscando variáveisresposta, variáveisresposta variáveis resposta, resposta variáveis-resposta avaliação apresentase apresenta familiares apresentando funcionamento 2 5 cor 4 70 totais 75 turbidez 55 Ntotal N total Ptotal. Ptotal P total. P-total (ARS (PVC 6 1 7

Additive Manufacturing technology has continually advanced, allowing microstructure and property optimization. In recent years, several studies have been carried out with the aim of understanding mechanisms of formation and evolution of the microstructure and, consequently, their influence on mechanical properties. However, correlations between microstructure and corrosion properties are not completely understood, making more systematic investigations necessary. In this work, samples of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were produced by combining different laser powers and scanning speeds in order to generate different energy density values (VED) with subsequent microstructures and properties. The samples were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, hardness and relative density. Complementarily, corrosion tests were carried out. For the entire set of parameters used, the processed samples showed the formation of acicular martensite α´, followed by different levels of porosity depending on the applied energy density. VED proved to be an important control parameter, and the best combinations of hardness and corrosion resistance were obtained for the parameter ratio that generated energy densities greater than 100 J/mm3. advanced optimization years consequently However understood necessary work Ti6Al4V TiAlV Ti 6Al 4V Al V (VED microscopy Complementarily used α α´ 10 Jmm3 Jmm J mm3 mm J/mm3 1 J/mm

Disposal of plastics into the environment has been one of the major problems for the environment. The accumulation of polystyrene (PS) occurs in an accelerated way and, therefore, its reuse is challenging. Polystyrene nanocomposites impregnated with Ag nanoparticles (PS/AgNP) are generated from polystyrene residues and can be applied in the catalytic and plasmonic photo-catalytic reduction of phenolic compounds such as p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP). The AgNP were synthesized by a reverse micelle method resulting in nanoparticles with sizes in a range of 31.1-34.0 nm. The organocolloid was characterized by UV Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS), demonstrating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles. The preparation of the PS/AgNP, obtained using a thermally induced phase separation method (TIPS), was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and Fourier transform visible infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nanocomposites showed impressive performance in the catalytic and plasmonic photocatalytic reduction under blue light irradiation, reaching up to 98% conversion, being a promising material for wastewater treatment as well as other various environmental issues. We used blue light to observe the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles, and no previous reports of this composite for PNP reduction using blue light photocatalysis were found. PS (PS therefore challenging PS/AgNP PSAgNP (PS/AgNP photo pnitrophenol p nitrophenol (PNP paminophenol aminophenol PAP. PAP . (PAP) 31.134.0 311340 31.1 34.0 31 1 34 0 31.1-34. nm DLS, DLS , (DLS) TIPS, TIPS (TIPS) SEM, SEM (SEM) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) laserinduced laser LIBS, LIBS (LIBS) FTIR. FTIR (FTIR) irradiation 98 conversion issues found (PAP 134 31.134. 31134 311 31. 340 34. 3 31.1-34 (DLS (TIPS (SEM (XRD (LIBS (FTIR 9 13 31.134 3113 31.1-3 31.13 31.1-

Resumo Objetivo: A acirrada competição em um mercado globalizado obriga as empresas a adotarem estratégias inovadoras para obter vantagem competitiva sobre seus concorrentes. No entanto, inovar é uma tarefa difícil de realizar isoladamente. Uma forma de amenizar esse isolamento é separar as organizações em clusters setoriais, facilitando a busca por inovação e produtividade. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo comparar a relação entre o desempenho de inovação e a produtividade das empresas brasileiras e, especificamente, se elas estão inseridas em clusters, considerando suas estratégias de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) interno e externo implementadas. Originalidade/valor: Este artigo expande a compreensão da literatura sobre inovação aberta, testando o papel complementar do P&D interno e externo para a implementação de inovação em empresas usando uma condição contextual relevante: sua presença ou não em um cluster. Assim, o estudo ajuda a aumentar a compreensão de uma série de mecanismos pelos quais o cluster ajuda a promover a inovação e a produtividade. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Para testar as hipóteses, o estudo utilizou modelagem de equações estruturais multigrupo em uma amostra de 5.581 empresas, com 1.878 participantes de um cluster e 3.703 não participantes. Resultados: Os resultados suportam um impacto positivo de P&D externo e interno no desempenho da inovação e sustentam a noção de que o desempenho da inovação, independentemente de a empresa fazer ou não parte de um cluster, impacta positivamente na sua produtividade. Por outro lado, P&D externo e interno mostraram-se complementares apenas para empresas dentro de um cluster.

Abstract Objective: The fierce competition in a globalized market forces firms to adopt innovative strategies to obtain a competitive advantage over their competitors. However, innovating is a difficult task to accomplish in isolation. One way to mitigate this isolation is to separate organizations into sectoral clusters, facilitating the search for innovation and productivity. From this perspective, this research aims to compare the relationship between innovation performance (IP) and the productivity of Brazilian firms, considering whether they are inserted into clusters or not, and analyze their implemented internal and external research and development (R&D) strategies. Originality/value: This article expands the literature’s understanding of open innovation, testing the complementary role of internal and external R&D for the implementation of innovation in firms using a relevant contextual condition: their presence or absence in a cluster. The study helps to enhance the understanding of several mechanisms by which the cluster helps to promote innovation and productivity. Design/methodology/approach: To test the hypotheses, the study used multigroup structural equation modeling in a sample of 5,581 companies, with 1,878 cluster participants and 3,703 non-participants. Findings: The results support a positive impact of both external and internal R&D on IP and support the notion that IP, regardless of whether or not the firm is part of a cluster, positively impacts its productivity. The external and internal R&D, in turn, proved to be complementary only for companies inside a cluster.

This ‘research note’ deals with new and innovative proposals for labor flexibility, which implies the employment relationship termination (principal-agent). This proposal is known as flexicurity or flexicurity. The Denmark model, the country in which this concept originates, has been taken as a basis. Mention is made of three fundamental pillars: flexibility in the employment relationship, a system of provision of unemployment services, and an activation policy. On the other hand, the research note points out that one should not omit the normative framework that governs each country to study flexicurity. Do not violate the worker's fundamental rights and those established in the Convention of Human Rights to meet commercial needs. International processes involve the right to work, the dignity and citizenship of the worker, and finally, the freedom to choose.

La presente nota de investigación aborda las más recientes y novedosas propuestas de flexibilización laboral, donde involucra la extinción de la relación laboral, (principal - agente), dicha propuesta se la conoce como flexiseguridad o flexiguridad. Se ha tomado como base el modelo de Dinamarca, país en el cual se origina este concepto. Por una parte, se mencionan los tres pilares fundamentales: a) flexibilidad en relación con el trabajo; b) el sistema de prestación de servicios por desempleo; y c) una política de activación. Por la otra, se señala que para el estudio de la flexiseguridad no se debe omitir el marco normativo o institucional (formal) que rige en cada país. Es decir, al intentar satisfacer las necesidades empresariales se deben establecer estructuras de gobernanza jurídico-económica que eviten violentar derechos fundamentales del trabajador y los establecidos en la Convención de Derechos Humanos, es decir, reglas de juego de tratados internacionales que involucran el derecho al trabajo, la dignidad y ciudadanía del trabajador y su la libertad de escogencia.

Abstract Centrocestus formosanus is a digenean parasite first described from Asia, which parasitizes Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) at the first intermediate stage, and different fish species as second intermediate host. C. formosanus was previously recorded in Brazilian states, but never before in the southern region of this country. Recording and identification of digenean species through morphological identification is a taxonomic challenge. In light of this, we use an integrative taxonomic approach to report the occurrence of cercariae and metacercariae of C. formosanus in molluscs and fish, respectively, in an urban park located in southern Brazil. Specimens of M. tuberculata and the fishes Poecilia reticulata and Xiphophorus sp. (Poeciliidae) were collected for screening for parasites and molecular analyses using partial fragments of the 28S rDNA gene. The identification of C. formosanus obtained from molluscs and fish specimens permitted us to partially solve the life cycle of this parasite for the first time in the studied environment, demonstrating the necessity of monitoring and controlling molluscs populations. Nevertheless, our results will support future studies aiming to elucidate the life-cycle of C. formosanus in this region, since all sampled hosts’ species are invasive in this environment.

This study shows a preparation and evaluation of a new non-expensive TiO2 based photocatalyst built over sand grains surfaces as an alternative green technology for water treatment. The semiconductor covalently bonded to the silica sand grains (sand@TiO2) prepared by hydrolysis of isopropoxide orthotitane over sand grains, showed a high surface area 296 m2 g-1 and a high reaction rate for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation (0.064 min-1), on steady state condition by using 3 g of sand@TiO2 and an MB solution (20 mL, 3 × 10-5 mol L-1) or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) solution (20 mL, 1.9 × 10-3 mol L-1). Under UV irradiation with a medium pressure Hg lamp, the total MB removal reached 70% after 7 min and 45% for CIP in 60 min. Further, the photocatalyst showed to be a promising reusable material for removal of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic (CIP) on wastewater. This new material appears as a new promising low cost and low impact reusable catalyst for water treatment.

RESUMO O lançamento de águas residuárias industriais em corpos aquáticos, sem o devido tratamento, pode causar danos severos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a secagem da casca de laranja cultivar Pêra (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e avaliar a viabilidade do seu uso como biossorvente para remoção de um corante direto. A secagem foi realizada em estufa com circulação de ar nas temperaturas de 60 e 80 ºC. Os dados de umidade em função do tempo foram ajustados aos modelos matemáticos de Page, Henderson e Pabis, Logarítmico, Midilli e exponencial de dois termos. A caracterização do material foi realizada a partir da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, do ponto de carga zero, e da espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. No estudo da adsorção realizou-se um planejamento fatorial 24 completo, analisando-se a influência da massa, concentração inicial, pH da solução e tempo de contato, na quantidade adsorvida (qt) e no percentual de remoção do corante (R%). Na secagem, o modelo exponencial de dois termos apresentou melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais. A caracterização do material apontou que o adsorvente apresenta ponto de carga zero de 3,5 e estrutura porosa, e as análises de infravermelho indicaram a presença de grupos carboxílicos e hidroxilas. Na adsorção, a quantidade adsorvida do corante aumentou em condições de menor pH e massa de biossorvente, maior concentração inicial e tempo de contato. O percentual de remoção do corante aumenta com maior massa de biossorvente. O biossorvente utilizado é um resíduo promissor para a adsorção do corante bordô-16.

ABSTRACT The disposal of industrial wastewater into aquatic bodies without proper treatment can cause severe damage to the environment and human health. The objective of this study was to perform the drying of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peel cultivar Pêra and evaluate the viability of its use as biosorbent in the removal of a direct dye. Drying was carried out in an oven with air circulation at temperatures of 60 and 80 ºC. The mathematical models of Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Midilli and Two-term exponential were fitted to the moisture data as a function of time. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charge, and infrared spectroscopy. In the adsorption study, a complete 24 factorial design was used to analyze the influence of mass, initial concentration, solution pH and contact time on adsorbed quantity (qt) and removal percentage of the dye (R%). In the drying, the two-term exponential model fitted best to the experimental data. The characterization of the material indicated that the adsorbent has zero charge point of 3.5 and porous structure, and the infrared analysis indicated the presence of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. In the adsorption, the adsorbed quantity of the dye increased under conditions of lower pH and biosorbent mass and higher initial concentration and contact time. The removal percentage of dye increases with higher biosorbent mass. The biosorbent used is a promising waste for the adsorption of the burgundy-16 dye.

A adoção de práticas conservacionistas alteram as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo, influenciando a composição da comunidade microbiana. O trabalho objetivou obter informação sobre a qualidade, diversidade e atividade biológica do solo, quando submetido a dois tipos de manejo do solo (plantio direto escarificado (PDE) e não escarificado (PDNE) e três tipos de manejo de cobertura (Sucessão: soja-trigo, Rotação I: soja-nabo+trigo/soja-aveia+ervilhaca/ e Rotação II: soja-aveia+ervilhaca+nabo/milho-crotalária juncea-trigo/soja). Foram analisadas a biomassa microbiana, atividade enzimática, taxa de respiração basal e diversidade genética do solo, nos períodos do verão (fevereiro/2016) e inverno (setembro/2016). O carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foram superiores nos tratamentos sob PDNE. Todas as enzimas apresentaram incremento na atividade no período do verão. Para a respiração basal dos microrganismos, a menor taxa de CO2 acumulada foi no período do verão em solo sob PDNE. Detectou-se variabilidade genética através da técnica de Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), reunindo os tratamentos em quatro grupos. Pode-se concluir que o sistema PDNE associado à rotação de culturas contribui para aumentar a biomassa microbiana e atividade enzimática no solo. Além disso, a técnica de RAPD associada a outros bioindicadores tornam-se importantes ferramentas para o monitoramento da qualidade do solo.

The adoption of conservation practices affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, altering the composition of the microbial community. The objective of this research was to obtain information about the soil quality, diversity and biological activity, of the soil when submitted to two types of soil management (scarified (PDE) and no-scarified tillage (PDNE)) and three types of cover management (Succession: soybean-wheat, Rotation I: Soybean-turnip+wheat/soybean-oats+vetch and Rotation II: soybean-oats+vetch+turnip/corn-crotalaria juncea-wheat/soybeans). The microbial biomass, enzymatic activity, basal respiration rate and soil genetic diversity were analyzed during the summer (february/2016) and winter (september/2016) periods. The carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass were higher in treatments under PDNE. All enzymes showed an increase in the activity during the summer period. For the basal respiration of the microorganisms, the smallest accumulated CO2 rate was in the summer period under PDNE. The RAPD technique proved to be efficient in the detection of genetic variability, combining treatments in four groups. We concluded that PDNE associated with crop rotation contributes to increase the levels of microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activity. In addition, the RAPD technique associated with other bioindicators become important tools for the monitoring and evaluation of soil quality.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determinate the relation between dependence, cognitive health, and depressive symptoms with pharmacological adherence on diabetic elderly patients who have type 2 diabetes and belong to a family health center in the Province of Ñuble. Method: It was quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study. The sample was constituted by 79 elderly patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The data collection was carried out by home visits using Barthel Index, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Yesavage, Morisky-Green Geriatric Scale, and a data inquiry about sociodemographic and health. The data was processed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS), using descriptive statistics, normality tests and inference tests according to each variable level. Results: Most participants were female with an average age of 73.6 years. A 35.4% presented a certain degree of dependency, a 24.1% presented cognitive damage, a 34.2% presented depressive symptoms and a 59.5% of elderly patients were not adherent to pharmacological treatment. It was only found a relation between depressive symptoms with adherence pharmacological (p = 0.04). Conclusions: It was found that a high percentage of elderly patients is not meeting the prescribed therapy, highlighting the connection between depressive symptoms with pharmacological adherence. That is why it is important to evaluate personal conditions and environment that are related to pharmacological adherence, a relevant topic for public health that must be treated beyond figures, involving health teams, patient, family, government, among others.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre dependencia, salud cognitiva y síntomas depresivos con la adherencia farmacológica en adultos mayores con diabetes tipo 2, pertenecientes a un centro de salud familiar de la Provincia de Ñuble. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y de corte transversal; la muestra estuvo constituida por 79 adultos mayores con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante visitas domiciliarias utilizando los instrumentos Índice de Barthel, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Escala geriátrica de Yesavage, Test de Morisky-Green y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y de salud. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa SPSS, utilizando estadística descriptiva, pruebas de normalidad y pruebas inferenciales según cada nivel de variables. Resultados: En su mayoría, los participantes fueron mujeres, con una media de edad de 73,6 años. Se encontró que el 35,4% presentaba algún grado de dependencia; el 24,1%, deterioro cognitivo; el 34,2%, síntomas depresivos, y el 59,5% de los adultos mayores eran no adherentes al tratamiento farmacológico. Solo se encontró relación entre los síntomas depresivos y la adherencia farmacológica (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: Se halló que un alto porcentaje de los adultos mayores no están cumpliendo con la terapia prescrita, destacando la asociación de síntomas depresivos con la adherencia farmacológica. Por ello es importante evaluar las condiciones de salud, personales y del entorno que se relacionan con la adherencia farmacológica, tema relevante para la salud pública que debe ser abordado más allá de sus cifras, involucrando al equipo de salud, paciente, familia y gobierno, entre otros.

In the present work we analyzed the preparation, use and disposal of the artifacts made by pecking, grinding, polishing and / or modified by use present in the Archaeological Sites of La Guillerma and San Ramón, in the lower basin of the Salado River, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina These artifacts form a broad set of technologies used by the hunter-gatherer-fishermen groups settled in the area during the late Holocene, for the processing of vegetables, clays and pigments (as well as passive grinding devices, mortars, hands, knives and abraders) as to the capture of different animal species, such as boleadora balls or net weights. This artifactual set was analyzed taking into account the different operational chains used, the strategies in the selection of the lithic raw materials and the base forms used and their uses. Among the most relevant results, the preferential use of orthocuarcites of the Balcarce Formation for the making of these artifacts, the identification of a wide artifactual variety used both for the processing of resources and for hunting and discarding based, in some cases, in their intentional breakage.

En el presente trabajo se analizó la confección, uso y descarte de los artefactos confeccionados por picado, abrasión, pulido y/o modificados por uso presentes en las Localidades Arqueológicas La Guillerma y San Ramón, en la cuenca inferior del río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Estos artefactos forman un amplio conjunto de tecnologías utilizadas por los grupos cazadores-recolectores-pescadores asentados en el área durante el Holoceno tardío, destinados tanto al procesamiento de vegetales, arcillas y pigmentos (como artefactos pasivos de molienda, morteros, manos, moletas y abradidores) como a la captura de diferentes especies animales, como las bolas de boleadora o pesos de red. Este conjunto artefactual fue analizado tomando en cuenta las diferentes cadenas operativas utilizadas, las estrategias en la selección de las materias primas líticas y las formas base utilizadas y sus usos. Entre los resultados más relevantes, se destaca el uso preferencial de las ortocuarcitas de la Formación Balcarce para la confección de estos artefactos, la identificación de una amplia variedad artefactual utilizada tanto para el procesamiento de recursos como para la caza y el descarte basado, en algunos casos, en su rotura intencional.

Abstract One hundred fifty fungal strains were isolated from the Pampa biome for production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Microbial oil was produced by submerged cultivation at 120 rpm, 28 ºC for 7 days. Seven strains showed the best results for lipids accumulation, and they were selected in order to evaluate the influence of the temperature (15 and 28 ºC) on the lipid production and profile. The fungus Nigrospora sp. produced the highest lipid level: at 28 ºC were produced 11.28% of lipids and 51.94% of PUFA and at 15 ºC were produced 6.02% of lipids and 42.39% of PUFA. Plackett Burman design was performed to investigate the main effects of the temperature (15-25 ºC), pH (4.0-6.0), agitation (120-200 rpm), corn steep liquor (5-15% (v/v)) and sucrose concentrations (60-180 g L-1). The highest PUFA production (55.75%) was observed at the lowest temperatures (15 ºC), whereas the maximum lipid production was 5.54% at 25 ºC.

Abstract In this study the solid-state fermentation for production of cellulolytic enzymes by the fungus Gelatoporia subvermispora was optimized. The enzyme activities on filter paper, exo-cellulase, endo-cellulase and xylanase were determined. A Plackett-Burman design (PB) was used to determine the most significant variables (moisture content of substrate, inoculum density, corn steep liquor concentration, pH and peptone concentration) in the enzyme production for each substrate (sugarcane bagasse, sewage sludge and rice straw). The highest value for filter paper activity was obtained using sugarcane bagasse as substrate. The sewage sludge was an excellent medium for the production of xylanase and exo-cellulases. The endo-cellulase activity was similar in all substrates tested. This is the first report of the Gelatoporia genus for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, being a promising strain for this purpose.