Resumen: Las fortalezas del carácter se consideran un aspecto positivo de la personalidad que indica una vida satisfactoria y auténtica. La Escala de Fortalezas del Carácter (EFC) es la única medida conocida que evalúa las fortalezas personales de los brasileños. La literatura sugiere que la estructura propuesta de 24 fortalezas divididas en seis virtudes no se replica empíricamente. Los estudios han comparado las fortalezas del carácter entre hombres y mujeres, y en diferentes etapas del desarrollo; sin embargo, comprender la equivalencia del instrumento entre grupos debe preceder a tales comparaciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar la estructura factorial de la EFC encontrada por Noronha y Batista (2020) y evaluar la invarianza del constructo entre: adolescentes y adultos, sexo en adolescentes, sexo en adultos. Para el primer objetivo, se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (CFA) que respaldó la estructura probada. Para el segundo, se evaluó la equivalencia de los factores de la escala entre grupos utilizando el CFA Multigrupo, que identificó algunos factores como equivalentes y otros no. Se puede concluir que la estructura factorial probada es empíricamente relevante y que, al comparar las medias de las fortalezas entre grupos en futuros estudios utilizando la EFC, los autores deben prestar atención a qué fortalezas pertenecen a factores invariantes.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify instruments used to assess the Character strengths are considered a positive aspect of personality, indicating a satisfying and authentic life. The Character Strengths Scale is the only known measure that evaluates personal strengths of Brazilians. The literature suggests that the proposed structure of 24 character strengths divided into six virtues is not empirically replicated. Studies have compared character strengths between men and women and across stages of development; however, understanding the equivalence of the instrument across groups should precede such comparisons. This study aims to test the factor structure of the Character Strengths Scale found by Noronha and Batista (2020) and evaluate the construct’s invariance among adolescents and adults, as well as between sexes in adolescents and adults. For the first objective, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed, which supported the tested structure. For the second, the equivalence of the scale factors between groups was evaluated using Multi-Group CFA, which identified some factors as equivalent and others as not. It can be concluded that the tested factor structure is empirically relevant and that, when comparing strength means between groups in future studies using the Character Strengths Scale, authors should pay attention to which strengths belong to invariant factors.

Resumo: As forças pessoais são consideradas como construto da personalidade com aspecto positivo, indicando uma vida satisfatória e autêntica. A Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC) é a única que se tem conhecimento que avalia as forças pessoais dos brasileiros. A literatura aponta que a estrutura proposta, das 24 forças pessoais divididas em 6 virtudes, não é replicada empiricamente. Estudos tem comparado as forças de caráter entre homens e mulheres e entre etapas do desenvolvimento, porém, compreender a equivalência do instrumento entre os grupos deve preceder tais comparações. Este estudo objetiva testar a estrutura fatorial da EFC encontrada por Noronha e Batista (2020) e avaliar a invariância do construto entre: adolescentes e adultos, sexo em adolescentes, sexo em adultos. Para o primeiro objetivo, empregou-se uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC), que corroborou a estrutura testada. Para o segundo, avaliou-se a invariância dos fatores da escala entre os grupos a partir da AFC-Multigrupo, que apontou alguns fatores como equivalentes e outros não. Pode-se concluir que a estrutura fatorial testada é empiricamente pertinente e que, ao comparar médias das forças entre os grupos em estudos futuros com a EFC, os autores devem se atentar a quais forças pertencem a fatores invariantes.

Abstract In the state of São Paulo, notifications of vehicle thefts and robberies increased between 2003 and 2014. Since then, this type of crime has decreased. What would explain this oscillation? Combining ethnographic experiments and quantitative data, the article proposes an analytical framework composed of three explanatory hypotheses: (i) the implementation of the “Dismantling Law”; (ii) transformations in the dynamics of the Primeiro Comando da Capital and (iii) economic changes associated with the automobile industry. Our results suggest that the implementation of the “Auto Dismantling Law”, regulating the illegal car parts market, had decisive effects on the decrease of vehicle theft. The other hypotheses suggest ancillary effects that also deserve attention.

Resumo No estado de São Paulo, as notificações de roubos e furtos de veículos cresceram entre 2003 e 2014. Desde então, esse tipo de crime tem diminuído. O que explicaria essa oscilação? Combinando experiências etnográficas e dados quantitativos, o artigo propõe um quadro analítico composto por três hipóteses explicativas: (i) a implementação da “Lei do Desmanche”; (ii) as transformações nas dinâmicas do Primeiro Comando da Capital e (iii) as mudanças econômicas associadas à indústria automobilística. Nossos resultados sugerem que a implementação da “Lei do Desmanche”, regulando o mercado ilegal de autopeças, teve efeitos decisivos na diminuição da subtração veicular. As demais hipóteses sugerem efeitos acessórios que também merecem atenção.

This work deals with different stress shot peening conditions’ effects on the compressive residual stress intensity and distribution. The tests were conducted on 15 mm x 70 mm x 1500 mm bars made of quenched and tempered EN 47 spring steel (DIN 51CrV4). Tensile tests and microstructure analysis were applied to guarantee the specification regarding resistance and microstructure. The stress shot peening process was conducted in an unloaded sample and two points bending loading with support distances of 150 and 1000 mm. The maximum flexural tension stresses were 750 and 1500 MPa for the two support distances. The residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction in five positions: measurements of samples with deflections were made without deflection, and a total of 95 residual stress measurements were performed before blasting. The compressive residual stresses increased as the calculated loading increased for all test conditions. Otherwise, for the 1000 mm support distance for the higher loading condition, the pre-tension calculated by the ANSYS™ showed higher flexural tension stress in the support position, while the residual stresses were constant between the supports.

High water consumption during irrigation is one of the main problems in agriculture. The preparation of a material that prolongs the water retention capacity of the soil is important. This article aimed to prepare superabsorbent hydrogels by the complexation of chitosan (CHI), with high degree of deacetylation (DD), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), with high degree of substitution (SD). Different parameters (concentration and polymeric solutions addition order, polysaccharides’ ratio, pH) were studied. Morphology, thermal stability, chemical composition, mechanical strength, and swelling kinetics of hydrogels in water were evaluated. A hydrogel formation mechanism was discussed and proposed. Results showed that most samples prepared at acid pH disintegrated during swelling test. The morphology of the hydrogels varied with the pH. It was obtained superabsorbent hydrogels (swelling > 400%) based on CMC (SD = 2.23) and CHI (DD = 92%), at basic pH, with good compression strength, and applicable as soil conditioner. The best sample was the one prepared with CMC:CHI = 1:2, polymeric solutions 1.5% m/v and pH 8.

Abstract I analyze part of the trajectory of Faustino Ribeiro Júnior, a renowned healer from São Paulo in the first decade of the 20th century, who took significant flights in the first half of the 1910s. Taking advantage of a change in legislation, due to the arrival of Hermes da Fonseca to the Presidency of the Republic, the former “healer” obtained the diploma to legally practice medicine. I discuss the Education Reform of 1911 and how it impacted the sensitive theme of professional freedom that crossed the entire Republic and gained new impetus with the arrival of a military president who flirted with positivism. The trajectory of Faustino Ribeiro allows reflections on the dilemmas faced by the young Republic and how the subjects involved in that process, doctors, jurists, and politicians, dealt with such dilemmas.

Resumo Analiso parte da trajetória de Faustino Ribeiro Júnior, um renomado curador paulista na primeira década do século XX que alçou voos significativos na primeira metade da década de 1910. Aproveitando uma mudança na legislação, por conta da chegada de Hermes da Fonseca à Presidência da República, Faustino conseguiu diploma para exercer legalmente a medicina. Discuto a Reforma do Ensino de 1911 e como ela impactou no sensível tema da liberdade profissional que atravessou toda a República e ganhou fôlego com a chegada de um presidente militar que flertava com o positivismo. A trajetória de Faustino possibilita reflexões sobre os dilemas enfrentados pela jovem República e como os sujeitos envolvidos naquele processo, médicos, juristas e políticos lidaram com tais dilemas.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o entendimento de mães acerca da condição do traço e/ou doença falciforme da família a partir da criança diagnosticada. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, sendo utilizada entrevista semiestruturada, com 23 mães, no ambulatório de doença falciforme de uma instituição pública, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2017. A análise foi temática. Resultados: todos os participantes tinham traço falciforme, bem como os pais dos seus filhos. Vinte crianças foram diagnosticadas com doença falciforme pelo teste do pezinho, e três, após hospitalização decorrente da doença. A maioria não sabia informar a presença do traço ou doença em outros membros da família que não a nuclear. Considerações finais: o diagnóstico não pode ficar restrito ao resultado da triagem neonatal, necessitando que as informações preventivas de crises falcêmicas sejam reforçadas. Recomenda-se a busca de outros membros da família afetados para conhecimento da sua condição genética, refletindo sobre suas decisões reprodutivas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the understanding of mothers about sickle cell disease and/or trait of the family from a diagnosed child. Methods: this is a qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview with 23 mothers, at a sickle cell disease outpatient clinic of a public institution, from October to December 2017. Analysis was thematic. Results: all participants had sickle cell trait as well as the parents of their children. Twenty children were diagnosed with sickle cell disease by Heel Prick Test, and three, after hospitalization due to the disease. Most did not know how to report the presence of the trait or disease in relatives other than nuclear. Final considerations: diagnosis cannot be restricted to the result of neonatal screening, requiring that preventive information on sickle cell crises be reinforced. It is recommended to search for other affected relatives to learn about their genetic condition, reflecting on their reproductive decisions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el entendimiento de las madres sobre células y/o anemia falciformes de la familia del niño diagnosticado. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, mediante entrevista semiestructurada a 23 madres, en el ambulatorio de anemia falciforme de una institución pública, de octubre a diciembre de 2017. El análisis fue temático. Resultados: todos los participantes tenían células falciformes, así como los padres de sus hijos. Veinte niños fueron diagnosticados con anemia de células falciformes mediante la prueba de punción del talón y tres, después de la hospitalización debido a la enfermedad. La mayoría no sabía cómo informar la presencia de células o anemia en miembros de la familia distintos del nuclear. Consideraciones finales: el diagnóstico no puede restringirse al resultado del cribado neonatal, requiriendo que se refuerce la información preventiva sobre las crisis drepanocíticas. Se recomienda buscar a otros familiares afectados para conocer su condición genética, reflexionando sobre sus decisiones reproductivas.

Resumo Objetivo comparar atitudes relacionadas à colaboração interprofissional autorrelatadas por diferentes equipes da atenção primária com a realidade observada de seus processos de trabalho. Método abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa implementada em duas etapas de coleta de dados, entre dezembro de 2019 e outubro de 2020. Na qualitativa, empregou-se a observação sistemática dos atendimentos em unidades de saúde. Utilizou-se roteiro de observação baseado no Referencial para Competências em Interprofissionalidade e no Fluxograma Analisador do processo de trabalho centrado no usuário. As observações foram registradas em diário de campo. Na etapa quantitativa, aplicou-se a Escala de Atitudes Relacionadas à Colaboração Interprofissional. Resultados noventa e um profissionais da atenção básica responderam a escala. Obteve-se uma média de 120 de pontuação, que significa valorização do trabalho colaborativo por respondentes de todas as equipes. Apesar disso, foram observadas divergências entre o falado e o vivido, pois o processo de trabalho estruturado parece limitar atitudes colaborativas. Conclusões e implicações para a prática valorização de atividades programadas para o trabalho interprofissional da equipe de saúde e de enfermagem na atenção primária, como espaços na agenda para reuniões. Necessidade de promoção da educação interprofissional com trabalhadores, bem como de políticas públicas que garantam mecanismos para o trabalho colaborativo na atenção básica.

Abstract Objective to compare self-reported interprofessional attitudes according to the teams from different primary health care services with the actual context of work processes. Method Quantitative and qualitative study in which data were collected in two stages between December of 2019 and October of 2020. Systematic observation was the strategy used to collect data from primary health care centers. A script based on the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative framework and the Analyzer Flowchart was used to observe the patient-centered work process. Observations were recorded in a Field Diary, and the Brazilian version of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Collaboration was used. Results 91 primary health workers completed the scale. The median score was 120, meaning all the health teams value collaborative work. Nonetheless, differences were found between what the participants say and what they do, considering that the structured work process limits collaborative practice. Conclusions and Implications to Practice the services need to value programmed activities to promote interprofessional collaboration among health and nursing teams working in primary health care, and reserve time, and give opportunities for meetings to occur. Additionally, training addressing interprofessional collaboration needs to be provided to workers in addition to public policies to ensure mechanisms that promote collaborative practices.

Resumen Objetivo comparar las actitudes relacionadas con la colaboración interprofesional autoinformada por diferentes equipos de la atención primaria con la realidad observada en sus procesos de trabajo. Método investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre diciembre de 2019 y octubre de 2020. En la etapa cualitativa se utilizó la observación sistemática de la atención en las unidades de salud, con un guión de observación basado en el Referencial de Competencias Interprofesionales y el Diagrama Analizador del Flujo del proceso de trabajo centrado en el usuario. Registramos las observaciones en el diario de campo. En la etapa cuantitativa se aplicó la Escala de Actitudes Relacionadas con la Colaboración Interprofesional. Resultados 91 profesionales respondieron la escala. Se obtuvo una media de 120 puntos, lo que supone valorización del trabajo colaborativo por profesionales de todos los equipos evaluados. Sin embargo, verificamos diferencias entre lo relatado y lo vivido, ya que el proceso de trabajo estructurado parece limitar las actitudes para el trabajo colaborativo. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica valorización de actividades programadas para el trabajo interprofesional de los equipos de salud y de enfermería, como reuniones programadas. Necesidad de promoción de la educación interprofesional, así como de políticas públicas que garanticen mecanismos de trabajo colaborativo.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa experiências juvenis diante de esforços de governança criminal nas periferias de Maceió, em Alagoas, e Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais. Partimos de experiências de jovens não envolvidos para evidenciar que estar fora do crime não é estar fora do mundo do crime, uma vez que suas vidas são atravessadas por regimes morais e de justiça de grupos criminais nos territórios onde vivem e circulam. Argumentamos que a instabilidade das dinâmicas criminais em periferias de Maceió e Belo Horizonte faz da guerra uma forma de relação central que atravessa relações de parentesco, amorosas, de vizinhança, amizades de infância, torcidas organizadas.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes youth experiences in the face of criminal governance efforts in the peripheries of Alagoas state capital Maceió and Minas Gerais state capital Belo Horizonte. We consider the experiences of young people who are not involved in crime to demonstrate that being “outside of crime” is not the same as being outside the “world of crime,” in view of the fact that the trajectories of their lives are affected by criminal moral and legal regimes in the territories where they live and through which they pass. We argue that the instable criminal dynamics in the peripheries of Maceió and Belo Horizonte transform gang war into a form of central relationship that intersects with kinship, love, neighborhood, childhood friendship and torcida relationships.

Abstract Knowledge of the physical properties of rock masses is fundamental for the economics and safety of mining projects. The determination of these properties in rock samples in the laboratory requires time, expensive equipment and qualified personnel, which considerably increases the information's cost. Indirect methods were developed to obtain properties related to rock masses, which have been shown to be a viable alternative to traditional procedures. The determination of the compressional mechanical wave velocity (Vp) and subsequent correlation with lithological mechanical properties are indirectly obtained. This study’s objective was to obtain correlations between Vp and the resistance to uniaxial compression, UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength), as well as the density and porosity of the siltstone and sandstone lithologies present in the coalfield of Candiota, located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Vp records were obtained in laboratory samples, using ultrasonic velocity sensors, and in-situ by geophysical well logging (directly in boreholes). The results indicate the possibility of using Vp to determine the physical parameters of the investigated lithologies. In the specific case of the correlations between Vp and Unconfined Compressive Strength, determination coefficients R2 above 0.70 were obtained, indicating sufficiently high reliability for using this information (e.g. in roof support projects). The correlation between Vp and density was also high.

The main objective of this work was to design an innovative method to prepare heterogeneous heteropolyacid catalysts. The heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 (HPW) was modified with tin(II) by two methodologies: a conventional aqueous ion-exchange (CS) and a redox solid-state (SS). In both cases, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements evidenced that Keggin structure was preserved. All materials were active in the esterification of lactic acid with several alcohols and a mechanism was proposed. The best results were obtained for octanol and benzyl alcohol, where higher conversion values were obtained. The catalytic activity (turnover frequency, TON) showed an efficient performance for the materials prepared with 4 h of calcination (CS4h and SS4h). However, the catalyst prepared by the SS method was in accordance with the development of environmentally friendly processes.

RESUMO Pretendemos analisar a trajetória de um chefe indígena chamado Antônio da Costa Marapirão, habitante da capitania do Maranhão, durante o século XVII. A escolha do personagem, além da sua aparição em variadas fontes portuguesas (base empírica de nossa pesquisa), explica-se por sua participação nos eventos que ajudaram a formar, consolidar e/ou executar a legislação indigenista. Procuraremos demonstrar que se o índio, por um lado, buscou alianças junto a agentes externos à sua comunidade (elites locais, autoridades diversas e, sobretudo, a monarquia), por outro, o vínculo entre o líder e sua família, nação e/ou aldeamento era elemento indispensável de sua atuação política.

ABSTRACT We intend to analyze the trajectory of an indigenous leadership named Antônio da Costa Marapirão, inhabitant of the captaincy of Maranhão, during the 17th century. The choice of the character, in addition to his appearance in various Portuguese sources (empirical basis of our research), is explained by his participation in the events that helped to form, consolidate and/or execute the indigenous legislation. We will try to demonstrate that if the Indian, on the one hand, seeks alliances with external agents to his community (local elites, diverse authorities and, above all, the monarchy), on the other, the bond between the leader and his family, nation and/or community was a indispensable element of his political performance.

Resumo O artigo visa examinar os discursos e elementos simbólicos mobilizados por atores inseridos no “mundo do crime” para justificar ou condenar assassinatos na Zona Leste de Belo Horizonte, área periférica da cidade. A pesquisa, baseada na análise de inquéritos policiais e entrevistas, se concentrou em investigar o modo como esses atores fazem uso de uma gramática moral como forma de justificação da legitimidade de assassinatos ou os considerar injustos, o que configura ofensa a ser reparada por meio de retaliações violentas.

Abstract On the Moral Grammar of Crime: The Mobilization of Justifications and Accusations in Homicides in Belo Horizonte East Side aims to examine the discourses and symbolic elements mobilized by actors participating in the “world of crime” to justify or condemn assassinations in poor neighborhoods of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The research, based on the analysis of police inquiries and interviews, focused on investigating how these actors articulate elements of a moral grammar as a way of justifying the legitimacy of murders or denouncing a death as unjust, which is an offence to be repaired through violent retaliation.

Abstract: This article examines the relationships of violent rivalry among youth gangs in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Based on extensive fieldwork on multiple gangs, the authors discuss how gang rivalries are structured and renewed over decades. Through this in-depth examination of the role of rivalry in determining the structure and membership in these gangs, the authors discuss how the characteristics observed can contribute to the existing international literature on youth gangs.

Resumen: En este artículo se examinan las relaciones de rivalidad violenta entre pandillas juveniles de la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. A partir de un extenso trabajo de campo, los autores discuten cómo se estructuran y renuevan las rivalidades entre las pandillas a lo largo de décadas. Mediante este examen a fondo del papel de la rivalidad en la determinación de la estructura y la pertenencia a estas pandillas, los autores exploran la forma en que las características observadas pueden contribuir a la literatura internacional sobre pandillas juveniles.

Resumo Um dos principais métodos para estudo de anatomia das plantas é a análise de cortes finos e transparentes, submetidos à coloração. Corantes sintéticos tradicionalmente utilizados em estudos anatômicos podem ser caros e produzidos por empresas específicas. O uso alternativo de corantes têxteis industriais, pode representar tanto uma substituição acessível economicamente quanto uma opção ecologicamente viável de uso desses corantes. Neste estudo foram avaliados 22 tipos de corantes têxteis. Cortes transversais, longitudinais e paradérmicos de órgãos de plantas, obtidos pela técnica de corte à mão livre foram submetidos às soluções hidroalcoólicas (0 a 100%) de corantes têxteis adquiridos em mercados locais. A solução hidroalcoólica a 50% dos corantes mostrou maior eficiência no contraste dos tecidos, maior solubilidade do pó corante e melhor interação das soluções com os tecidos vegetais. A maioria dos corantes testados mostraram resultados satisfatórios. A parede celular, especialmente a lignificada, mostrou maior eficiência de coloração. Análises de ancoragem molecular utilizando modelos de celulose e lignina mostraram os prováveis mecanismos de associação e seletividade dos corantes com os componentes da parede celular. A abordagem aqui realizada pode ser útil em aulas práticas conjugadas de anatomia vegetal, química e / ou bioquímica, tanto no ensino médio quanto no nível de graduação.

Abstract One of the main methods for plant anatomy study is the analysis of thin, transparent, and stained tissue sections. Synthetic dyes traditionally used in anatomical studies might be expensive and produced by specific companies. In contrast, the use of alternative industrial dyes can both represent an inexpensive substitute as well as an environmentally friendly option for conducting plant anatomy studies. In this study, a set of 22 textile dyes was evaluated. Transversal-, longitudinal, and paradermal sections of plant organs obtained using the freehand cutting technique were stained using hydroalcoholic solution (0 to 100%) of textile dyes purchased from a local market. Dyes mixed with 50% hydroalcoholic solution showed higher efficiency in tissue contrast, allowing greater solubility of dye powder and better solution interaction with the plant tissues. Most of the tested dyes showed satisfactory staining results. Cell wall, especially lignified one, showed higher staining efficiency. Computational docking analysis and molecular models of cellulose and lignin showed the probable association mechanisms and dye selectivity to cell wall constituents. Our findings suggest that the developed method can be useful in mixed practical classes of plant anatomy, chemistry, and/or biochemistry, both at high school as well as undergraduate levels.

Abstract Metagenomics approaches have been of high relevance for providing enzymes used in diverse industrial applications. In the current study, we have focused on the prospection of protease and glycosyl hydrolase activities from a soil sample by using the lacZα -based plasmid pSEVA232. For this, we used a functional screen based on skimmed milk agar and a pH indicator dye for detection of both enzymes, as previously reported in literature. Although we effectively identified positive clones in the screenings, subsequent experiments revealed that this phenotype was not because of the hydrolytic activity encoded in the metagenomic fragments, but rather due to the insertion of small metagenomic DNA fragments in frame within the coding region of the lacZ gene present in the original vector. Analyses of the thermodynamic stability of mRNA secondary structures indicated that recovering of positive clones was probably due to higher expression levels of the chimeric lacZα-genes in respect to the original from empty vector. We concluded that this method has a higher tendency for recovery false positive clones, when used in combination with a lacZα-based vector. As these vectors are massively used in functional metagenomic screenings, we highlight the importance of reporting boundaries in established metagenomic screenings methodologies.