ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the impact and duration of water stress on coffee growth, grain yield, and uniformity. The experiment was set up on Apr 2015 with water regimes denominated as follows: year-round irrigation with total water replacement (FI 100) and year-round irrigation with a 50 % reduction in total water replacement (FI 50); irrigation with application of water deficit from Apr to Sept with total water replacement (WD1 100) and irrigation with application of water deficit from Apr to Sept with 50 % of total water replacement (WD1 50); irrigation with application of water deficit from June to Sept with total water replacement (WD2 100), irrigation with application of water deficit from June to Sept with 50 % of total water replacement (WD2 50), and rainfed. A mechanized irrigation mobile Lateral Line sprinkler system was used. Irrigation management criterion was based on the climatological water balance and crop coefficients. Morphological variables, productivity, and fruit uniformity were evaluated. The growth variables had higher responses to water deficit treatment, with the highest reductions being recorded in rainfed treatments. The average productivity of the coffee tree in 2019 ranged from 14 to 120 bags ha–1. Even under low water availability, Iapar 59 was the most productive genotype, and E237 was the least productive genotype. Long periods of stress and 50 % reduction in water availability reduced plant productivity. Thus, the use of irrigation to complement rainfall is essential to the sustainability of coffee production systems in the Cerrado. yield 201 follows yearround year round FI 100 5 50) WD1 WD (WD WD2 100, , 50, used coefficients evaluated treatment treatments 1 12 ha1 ha ha–1 genotype E E23 Thus Cerrado 20 10 ha– E2 2

RESUMO: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do cultivo do café sobre a atividade das enzimas do solo β-glicosidase, arilsulfatase e fosfatase ácida em função de dois diferentes regimes hídricos associados ou não à calagem e ao cultivo de braquiária nas entrelinhas. Esse estudo foi realizado em um experimento conduzido no campo experimental do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, utilizando a cultivar IAC 144 (Coffea arabica L.), sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso. Foram considerados dois regimes hídricos (RH), RH1 com irrigação plena em turnos de rega ao longo do ano e RH3 com estresse hídrico controlado, por cerca de 70 dias, na época seca. Em cada regime hídrico foram avaliadas a aplicação ou não de calcário em cobertura e a presença ou ausência de braquiária cultivada nas entrelinhas das plantas do cafezal. As atividades das enzimas β-glicosidase, arilsulfatase e fosfatase ácida foram avaliadas durante as estações chuvosa e seca. A calagem e a presença de braquiária nas entrelinhas tiveram efeito positivo sobre a atividade das três enzimas avaliadas nesse estudo, em graus variáveis, dependendo da época de coleta das amostras e/ou do RH. Nossos resultados evidenciam que a braquiária nas entrelinhas do café foi o fator de maior impacto positivo sobre a atividade enzimática do solo.

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the effects of coffee cultivation with two different water regimes associated or not with liming and the presence/absence of brachiaria as intercrop on the activities of the soil enzymes β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of Embrapa Cerrados, using the cultivar IAC 144 (Coffea arabica L.), under a clayey dystrophic Cerrado Oxisol. Two water regimes (WR) were considered, WR1 with irrigation shifts throughout the year and WR3 with controlled water stress, for about 70 days, in the dry season. In each water regime, effects of lime application (with/without) and the presence/absence of brachiaria cultivated between the lines of coffee plants were evaluated. The activities of the enzymes β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase were evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons. Liming and intercropped brachiaria positively affected the activities of the three enzymes assessed in this study at varying degrees, depending on season and/or the WR. Our findings evidenced that intercropped brachiaria in coffee rows was the factor that most positively impacted soil enzymes activities.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação e da presença de braquiária (Urochloa decumbens) nas entrelinhas do café (Coffea arabica) sobre a produtividade do cafeeiro e sobre os atributos químicos e físico-hídricos de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico. O ensaio foi conduzido na região do Cerrado, em Planaltina, Brasília, DF, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas sub-subdivididas e quatro repetições. Foram alocados os regimes hídricos (irrigado ou não irrigado) nas parcelas, os sistemas de manejo das entrelinhas nas subparcelas e as camadas de solo nas sub-subparcelas. Os seguintes atributos do solo foram determinados: carbono orgânico total, nitrogênio total, relação C/N, estoques de carbono e nitrogênio, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade de baixa retenção, microporosidade remanescente, criptoporosidade, e disponibilidade de água total e de água prontamente disponível, além da produtividade de café. A irrigação do cafeeiro, associada ao consórcio com braquiária como planta de cobertura, aumentou a produtividade de café e favoreceu os atributos químicos e físico-hídricos do solo, o que melhorou a estrutura do solo e a sua capacidade em armazenar água. A irrigação favorece o estoque de carbono nas camadas superficiais do solo, enquanto a braquiária favorece os atributos físicos do solo relacionados à disponibilidade de água para o cafeeiro.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irrigation and of the presence of brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens) between coffee (Coffea arabica) rows on coffee yield and on chemical and hydrophysical attributes of a Typic Haplustox. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region in Planaltina, Brasília, DF, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, arranged in split-split plots, with four replicates. Water regimes (irrigated or rainfed) were assigned to the main plots, inter-row management systems to the subplots, and soil layers to the sub-subplots. The following soil attributes were determined: total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, carbon and nitrogen stocks, bulk density, aggregate stability, total porosity, macroporosity, low-retention microporosity, remaining microporosity, criptoporosity, and total and readily-available water, besides coffee yield. Irrigation of coffee plants, associated with brachiaria intercropped as a cover crop, increased coffee yield and favored chemical and hydrophysical soil attributes, improving soil structure and its ability to store water. Irrigation favors organic carbon stocks in the upper soil layers, whereas brachiaria favors soil physical attributes related to water availability to coffee.

A adubação fosfatada e a irrigação aumentam a produtividade do café, mas pouco se sabe sobre o efeito dessas práticas na matéria orgânica e na microbiota de solos de Cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos microbiológicos e as frações oxidáveis do carbono orgânico de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico cultivado com cafeeiro, sob parcelamentos de fósforo (P) e regimes hídricos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 3x2, com três parcelamentos de P (P1: 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5, recomendado para a cultura anualmente, sendo 2/3 aplicados em setembro e 1/3, em dezembro; P2: 600 kg ha-1 de P2O5, aplicado no plantio e a cada dois anos; e P3: 1.800 kg ha-1 de P2O5, aplicado somente no plantio, necessário para seis anos); dois regimes hídricos (sequeiro e irrigado durante todo o ano); e três repetições. A amostragem de solo foi feita nas camadas de 0-5 cm e 5-10 cm. Foram determinados o carbono microbiano (CBM), a respiração basal (RB), a atividade da enzima fosfatase ácida, as frações oxidáveis do carbono orgânico (F1, F2, F3 e F4) e o carbono orgânico total (COT). O regime hídrico irrigado do cafeeiro aumentou os teores de CBM e a atividade microbiana da fosfatase ácida, do COT e das frações oxidáveis da matéria orgânica do solo. De maneira geral, a forma de parcelamento do P exerceu pouca influência sobre os atributos microbiológicos do CO do solo. Apenas no parcelamento P3, sob irrigação, obteve-se aumento dos teores de CBM e da atividade da fosfatase ácida.

Phosphorus fertilization and irrigation increase coffee production, but little is known about the effect of these practices on soil organic matter and soil microbiota in the Cerrado. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of a dystrophic Red Latossol under coffee and split phosphorus (P) applications and different irrigation regimes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial design with three split P applications (P1: 300 kg ha-1 P2O5, recommended for the crop year, of which two thirds were applied in September and the third part in December; P2: 600 kg ha-1 P2O5, applied at planting and then every two years, and P3: 1,800 kg ha-1 P2O5, the requirement for six years, applied at once at planting), two irrigation regimes (rainfed and year-round irrigation), with three replications. The layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm were sampled to determine microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), enzyme activity of acid phosphatase, the oxidizable organic carbon fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4), and total organic carbon (TOC). The irrigation regimes increased the levels of MBC, microbial activity and acid phosphatase, TOC and oxidizable fractions of soil organic matter under coffee. In general, the form of dividing P had little influence on the soil microbial properties and OC. Only P3 under irrigation increased the levels of MBC and acid phosphatase activity.