ABSTRACT: Sowing occurs in agricultural areas with irregular relief, influencing the quality of seed and fertilizer distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of different fertilizer metering mechanisms of planters as a function of longitudinal inclination. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of five longitudinal inclinations to the metering mechanism (−10, −5, 0, 5, and 10 degrees). The mass of fertilizer collected per minute was considered as a replication. We worked with two types of fertilizers: a mixture of granules and powder. Metering mechanisms used were a horizontal toothed rotor, helical without flow restrictor, helical with lateral overflow, and helical with longitudinal overflow. The longitudinal inclination of ±10° in relation to the leveling altered the metered amount of both fertilizers used in all metering mechanisms. The helical with lateral overflow was the metering mechanism that obtained the smallest amount variation of fertilizer distributed in the different longitudinal inclinations, followed by the helical with longitudinal overflow, horizontal toothed rotor, and helical without flow restrictor.

O Código Florestal Brasileiro de 1965 conceitua e regulamenta as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal (RL). Para regulamentar a adequação das propriedades agrícolas ao código florestal, o estado do Paraná instituiu o SISLEG - Sistema de Manutenção, Recuperação e Proteção da Reserva Legal e Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Neste estudo foram quantificadas, com auxílio do sistema de posicionamento global (GPS) e programas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), as APPs e RLs de 147 propriedades em oito municípios das regiões centro-oriental e sudeste do Paraná, visando analisá-las frente ao Código Florestal vigente. Observou-se expressiva cobertura florestal formada por fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista; as superfícies disponíveis para definição de RL apresentam valores superiores àqueles requeridos pela legislação. Há necessidade de recomposição das APPs em 67% das propriedades; 26% das propriedades estão de acordo com as exigências do Código Florestal. A quantificação da cobertura florestal necessária e remanescente, tal como a pequena demanda de área para readequação de APP (5% da área total) permitem inferir que esses quesitos não são entraves para a regularização ambiental da agricultura familiar, nas propriedades analisadas.

The Brazilian Forest Code of 1965 has defined and regulated the concepts of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and the Legal Reserve (RL). To regulate rural properties' compliance to the forest code, the State of Paraná introduced the SISLEG- Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Protection of Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation Areas System. This study quantified, with the help of global positioning system (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the APPs and RLs of 147 properties in eight cities in East-central and Southeastern Paraná, aiming to analyze the environmental compliance of family-based rural properties to the Forest Code. A significant amount of forest cover was mapped, mainly as fragments of Araucaria Forest. The amount of forest cover is higher than the minimum required by law. Concerning the APPs about 67% of farms required some restoration while 26% of them are in accordance with the Code. The quantification of existing forest cover and that required by law, as well as the relatively small area necessary for the adjustment of the APPs (5% of total area) allows inferring that these questions are not barriers for the environmental regulation of the family-based surveyed farms.

Ao exigir áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal (RL) em todos os imóveis rurais do Brasil, o Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei Federal 4771/1965) se reverte em um dos instrumentos mais importantes com o propósito de mitigar impactos ambientais das atividades agrícolas. Como em outros estados, no Paraná esta legislação também foi ignorada; para cumprir o disposto no Código Florestal e estipular prazo para as adequações necessárias, foi instituído o Sistema de Manutenção, Recuperação e Proteção da Reserva Legal e Áreas de Preservação Permanente - SISLEG (Decreto Estadual 387/1999). Com o objetivo de se analisar essas normativas, elaborou-se um estudo de imóvel rural típico dos Campos Gerais do Paraná e, com base em técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, se definiram as APPs e o montante necessário para compor a RL. Como a legislação não especifica critérios objetivos para a localização das RLs, duas perspectivas foram avaliadas: a maximização do potencial agrícola da propriedade e a conservação da natureza, com base no contexto ambiental e hidrográfico no qual o imóvel está inserido. Conclui-se que a legislação pode contribuir para mitigar impactos não contemplando, porém, conceitos importantes para o planejamento territorial e conservação da natureza.

The Brazilian Forest Code (Federal Law 4771/1965), by defining Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR) on every rural property in the country, is one of the most important measures to mitigate environmental impacts from farming activities. As in many other states, such legislation has been disregarded in Paraná. To comply with Forest Code requirements and define time limits for its accomplishment, the State of Paraná has enacted the System for Maintenance, Recovery and Protection for the Legal Reserve and Permanent Protection Areas - SISLEG (State Decree 3320/2004). This paper analises the accomplishment of this system in a typical farmstead in the Campos Gerais of Paraná. Based on remote sensing techniques, PPAs were mapped and the total area for LR composition defined. As the legislation does not clearly define places for the location of LRs, two perspectives were approached: the maximization of the farming potential of the property and of nature conservation, based on the environmental and hydrographic context in which the farm is embedded. It is concluded that the law can contribute to mitigate some impacts, but it does not, however, contemplate important concepts for territorial planning and nature conservation.