RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o sofrimento psíquico apresentado nas justificativas dos trancamentos semestrais de matrícula informados pelos estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e identificar fatores e contextos associados. Estudo retrospectivo e transversal, qualitativo e quantitativo, dos 141 requerimentos de trancamentos ocorridos entre julho de 2007 e julho de 2013, solicitados por 97 estudantes do primeiro ao 12º período do curso. Verificou-se predominância de requerimentos no ciclo básico (55,3%) e como motivação prevalente (59,6%) o sofrimento psíquico. Os trancamentos podem se revelar como sintomas do sofrimento psíquico dos estudantes, associados a fatores como adoecimento psíquico, reprovações, dúvida na escolha do curso, desentendimentos familiares e uso considerado abusivo de drogas. As motivações apresentadas nos pedidos de trancamentos alertam para a necessidade e importância de investimento institucional nos serviços de cuidado e atenção ao aluno de Medicina.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to investigate psychological distress given as justification by students to have canceled their enrollment on semesters of the Federal University of Minas Gerais medical course, and to identify associated factors and contexts. A retrospective, cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study was performed on the 141 claims made during the period of July 2007 to July 2013 by 97 students from the 1st to the 12th period of the course. Cancellations predominated in the Basic Cycle (55.3%) with psychological distress the main motivation (59.6%). The cancellations may prove to be symptoms of student psychological distress, associated with factors such as mental illness, failures, doubts over course selection, family disagreements, and what may be deemed as drug abuse. The reasons given for such cancellations warn of the need and importance of institutional investment into welfare services for medical students.

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar, em uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, a constituição do sistema de educação superior nos Estados Unidos, no período entre o final do século 19 e início do século 20. Apoiado em revisão de literatura e consulta a outros documentos, conclui que a universidade é uma instituição tardia naquele país e assim como o seu sistema de educação superior, consolidado no período, está intrinsecamente marcada pelos padrões intelectuais e morais tornados então hegemônicos e que lhe imprimiram características até então exclusivas do mundo produtivo.

The present work intends to analyze on a social-historical perspective the constitution of higher education system in the United States in the period between the late 19th century and early 20th century. Based on literature review and consultation others documents, it concludes that the university is a later institution in that country and as well as the higher education system, consolidated during this period, is intrinsically marked by intellectual and moral patterns that became then hegemonic and printed it with features until this time exclusive of the productive world.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis sóciohistórico de la constitución del sistema de educación superior en Estados Unidos en el período entre fines del siglo 19 y comienzos del siglo 20. Com base en revisión de literatura y otros documentos, es posible concluir que la universidad es una institución tardia en ese país, por ló cual su sistema de educación superior, consolidado en el período, está intrínsecamente marcado por los patrones intelectuales y morales que se han tornado hegemónicos y que le han impreso los rasgos otrora exclusivos del mundo productivo.

Ce travail vise l'analyse sociaux historique de la formation du système d'éducation supériere aux États-Unis de la fin du 19ème siècle au début de 20ème siècle. Ayant pour base une revisión de la literature suivi de l'examen d'autres documentation, il est possible d'en conclure que l'univérsité est une instituitión tardif dans ce pays et, aussi bien que son système d'éducation supérieure, dans la periode choisi, elle a été profondement marquée pour les modèles intellectuels et morals qui ont devenu hégémoniques et qui les ont imprimés des caractéristique jusqu' à cette époque exclusives du monde produtif.

A Universidade Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais (UREMG) foi criada em 1948, dando origem, mais tarde, à Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). A instituição esteve envolvida em vários convênios de assistência técnica firmados entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos, os quais foram mediados pela United States Agency for International Development (USAID), a partir dos anos 1960. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a atuação desta agência na UREMG, tomando por base o exame de fontes primárias do acervo do Arquivo Central e Histórico da UFV Sob a orientação da USAID, a UREMG desempenhou papel relevante na modernização da agricultura brasileira, assim como serviu à estratégia do governo norte-americano de garantir controle sobre a produção de alimentos no Brasil. Do mesmo modo, contribuiu para aliviar tensões sociais no campo.

The Universidade Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais (UREMG) was created in 1948, becoming later the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). This institution has been involved in some agreements of technical assistance that were signed between Brazil and United States, which were mediated in the 1960's decade by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The aim of this work is to analyze the action of the USAID in UREMG basing on the exam of primaries sources from the Central and Historical Archive of UFV Under the supervision of USAID, the UREMG has performed a significant role in the modernization of Brazilian agriculture as well it served to the strategy of the North-American government of guarantee the control over the production of food in Brazil. As the same way, UREMG has contributed for mitigating social tensions in rural areas.

Este trabalho mostra um novo museu de ciências, cujo trabalho junto ao público é um convite enfático ao conhecimento da estrutura e funcionamento do organismo humano, como forma de entender a vida, para preservá-la com qualidade.

The article introduces a new science museum, one that works actively to engage its audience in learning about the structure and functioning of the human organism, so that it can understand life and thus protect its quality.

The domestic dove Columba livia (Gmelin, 1789) is a species well adapted to Brazil and the study of its reproductive biology is part of a broad research project on birds. This essay describes the morphological aspects of the cloaca of female Columba livia, describing compartments lengthwise starting from the head such as the coprodeo, urodeo and proctodeo limited by mucosal folds. Each compartment of the cloaca presents its own morphological characteristics which differ one from the other in form, height and position of mucosal projections, kinds of tissues, presence and histological aspects of glands, presence of lymphonodus. The rectum opens into the coprodeo, the ureter opens into the oviduct and the cloacal sac opening into the proctodeo. Histochemical studies have shown the presence of glycoproteins in tissue cells and gland cells on the three segments of the cloaca.

The Columbina talpacoli (Temminck, 1811) dove, a small bird of the order Columbiformes, is abundant throughout Brazil and interacts closely with city inhabitants. This study describes the morphological and histochemical aspects of the epididymal region and ductus deferens of this species, comparing them with those of other bird species studied. It is believed that a better understanding of the reproductive biology of Columbina talpacoli could help to solve the ecological and sanitary problems involving these birds.

Numida meleagris (Linné, 1758) is an african bird that was brought to Brazil. As the bird adapted to the climate of this new habitat and spread ali around the country, it is nowadays part of our avifauna. The present study continues topographic and morphofunctional researches on the female genital apparatus of this species, since it describes histological and histochemical aspects of magnum, a segment of oviduct. Magnum was dissected and processed according to routine and histochemical staining procedures to detect glycogen and mucous substances in the epithelial tissue and mucous glands. Besides focusing morphological aspects, the study compares the data obtained with those of other species aiming to contribute to the enlargement of the knowledge on reproductive biology of brazilian birds what may be important to make their biological control easier.

Known as "domestic dove", the Columba livia (Gmelin, 1789) is a columbidae species widely distributed in Brazil, whose reproductive biology has been studied by many researchers. The testes of 12 Columba livia males were collected and prepared for histologic examination under an optical microscope, the results of which were analysed and photographed. The tunica albuginea that covers the testes consists of a thick, not very cellular layer of dense connective tissue. Groups of interstitial cells with typical morphological appearance and surrounded by loose, well vascularized connective tissue are observable within the organ, between the seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous tubules are thick, intensely wound and, when seen in cross section, show Sertoli cells and spermatogenic lineage cells in different stages of development. These include spermatogonia (type A, clear; type A, dark; and type B), spermatocytes I and II, spermatids, and a large number of spermatozoons. Similarities are found between the histological findings described and those reported for the testes of Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1811).

The study of the female genital system of Columba livia (Gmelin, 1789) is part of the research on the reproductive biology of Brazilian birds. This work describes the morphological aspects of the ovary of Columba livia, as well as the histological differences observed in the ovarian follicles during the ovocyte maturation process. Ten Columba livia females were studied, whose ovaries had been dissected, fixed in Bouin and Helly solutions, and histologically processed for staining (Hematoxylin-Eosin; Gomori's trichromic and Weigert's technique and Gomori's technique for connective tissue fibers). The ovary has an irregular surface, is located in the abdominal cavity, and relates to the cranial portion of the left kidney and caudal extremity of the left lung. Histological examination shows that the ovary is covered with simple cubical epithelium, underlined by loose connective tissue that continues internally, surrounding the follicles. The ovarian follicles were described, in their different stages of development, with basis on the morphological changes occurring in the ovocyte and in the layers that surround it, in each phase of maturation. Among the follicles, groups lof cells of two distinct types, surrounded by connective tissue, are observable: clear cells with a spherical nucleus, and acidophilic cells with a slightly elongated nucleus. The studies of the ovary of Columba livia reveal histological similarities between this species and Columbina talpacoli (Temminck, 1811), whose ovaries were examined by Ribeiro et al. (1991).