SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To conduct a review of articles which have evaluated the relationship between vitamin D and cardioprotection in adult. METHODS: A literature search was performed in the Pubmed and Scielo databases. The results were extracted from primary and secondary sources and will be presented in the form of a bibliographic review. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles were identified from the electronic search that reported on physiological mechanisms relating the vitamin D axis and the cardiovascular system through receptors. Of the ten studies that evaluated the therapeutic effect of vitamin D in cardiovascular diseases, none reported significant results. CONCLUSION: The articles assessed in this review did not demonstrate a cardioprotective effect of vitamin D, despite the epidemiological correlation of vitamin D deficiency with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Anemias microcíticas são muito comuns na prática clínica, sendo a anemia ferropriva (AF) e a talassemia menor (TM) as mais prevalentes. A confirmação diagnóstica dessas entidades clínicas requer testes que envolvem o perfil do metabolismo do ferro, eletroforese de hemoglobinas e análises moleculares. Nesse contexto, vários índices discriminantes têm sido propostos para simplificação do diagnóstico diferencial entre AF e TM. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar a relevância clínica da utilização de índices discriminantes em indivíduos com anemia microcítica, para simplificação do diagnóstico diferencial entre anemia ferropriva e talassemia menor. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e transversal nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: anemia ferropriva, talassemia menor e diagnóstico diferencial. RESULTADOS: Mais de 40 índices matemáticos baseados em parâmetros eritrocitários foram propostos na literatura hematológica em indivíduos com microcitose. Os índices de Green & King (IGK), o índice de Ehsani e a contagem de eritrócitos (RBC) obtiveram excelentes desempenhos, especialmente quando sua eficácia foi observada em adultos e crianças. CONCLUSÕES: Testes confirmatórios para o diagnóstico diferencial entre AF e TM demandam métodos que consomem bastante tempo e alto custo. Apesar dos excelentes desempenhos do IGK, do índice de Ehsani e do RBC, nenhum deles possui sensibilidade e especificidade suficientes para firmar diagnóstico. No entanto, podem fornecer uma poderosa ferramenta adicional para simplificação diagnóstica entre AF e TM.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Microcytic anemias are very common in clinical practice, with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia minor (TT) being the most prevalent. Diagnostic confirmation of these clinical entities requires tests involving iron metabolism profile, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and molecular analysis. In this context, several discriminant indices have been proposed to simplify the differential diagnosis between IDA and TM. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the clinical relevance of the use of discriminant indices in individuals with microcytic anemia to simplify the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia and minor thalassemia. METHODS: A bibliographic and cross-sectional search was performed in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases, using the following descriptors: iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia minor, and differential diagnosis. RESULTS: More than 40 mathematical indices based on erythrocyte parameters have been proposed in the hematological literature in individuals with microcytosis. Green & King indexes (IGK), Ehsani index, and erythrocyte count (RBC) had excellent performances, especially when their efficacy was observed in adults and children. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmatory tests for differential diagnosis between IDA and TM require time-consuming and costly methods. Despite the excellent performances of IGK, Ehsani index, and RBC, none of them presented sufficient sensitivity and specificity to establish a diagnosis. However, they can provide a powerful additional tool for diagnostic simplification between IDA and TM.

The present prospective work of scientific articles related to foods and natural products with anti-Covid activity in databases in order to present a scientific community, to governments and society as main foods, nutraceuticals and medicinal plants as strategies used by countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of articles on food, medicinal plants and biotechnology was carried out in databases of scientific articles such as: CAPES journals, PubMed, Elsevier's Science Direct, Willey on library library, Taylor & Francis Springer-Nature database, BMC, Hindawi, Scielo, ACS - American Chemical Society, Google Scholar, in addition to the Patent Database “The LENS” and “Questel-Orbit”. Foods used in daily life such as garlic, ginger, turmeric, sour orange, vegetables, lactobacilli demonstrate proven anti-virus action. Medicinal plants used by Traditional Chinese, Korean and Indian Medicine also demonstrate anti-Covid activity and used during the coronavirus outbreak. Some medicinal plants, green propolis extract, red propolis extract, royal gelly, polen, honey have also been cited as anti-covid, natural anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory products.

O presente trabalho prospectou artigos científicos relacionadas à alimentos e produtos naturais com atividade anti-Covid com o intuito de apresentar, à comunidade científica, aos governos e à sociedade, dados sobre as principais estratégias nutracêuticas, biotecnológicas e plantas medicinais utilizadas em alguns países durante o enfrentamento da pandemia COVID-19. A revisão de artigos sobre alimentos, plantas medicinais e produtos biotecnológicos foi realizada nas bases de dados periódicos da CAPES, PubMed, Science Direct, Willey on line library, Springer-Nature, Taylor & Francis, BMC, Hindawi, Scielo, ACS – American Chemical Society, Google acadêmico, “The LENS” e Questel-Orbit. Alimentos de uso frequente como alho, gengibre, cúrcuma, laranja azeda, vegetais e lactobacilos demonstraram ação anti-coronavirus comprovada. Foram descritos usos de plantas medicinais da Medicina tradicional Chinesa, Coreana, Indiana bastante utilizadas durante a pandemia. Algumas plantas medicinais e nutracêuticos como: extrato de própolis verde e extrato de própolis vermelha brasileiras, geleia real, pólen e mel também foram citados como produtos anti-covid, antiinflamatórios naturais e imunomodulatórios.