ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy among Brazilian women with preterm births and to compare the epidemiological characteristics and perinatal outcomes among preterm births of women with and without hypertension. Methods This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth. During the study period, all women with preterm births were included and further split into two groups according to the occurrence of any hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Prevalence ratios were calculated for each variable. Maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and gestational and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups using χ2 and t-tests. Results A total of 4,150 women with preterm births were included, and 1,169 (28.2%) were identified as having hypertensive disorders. Advanced maternal age (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.49) and obesity (PR= 2.64) were more common in the hypertensive group. The gestational outcomes were worse in women with hypertension. Early preterm births were also more frequent in women with hypertension. Conclusion Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were frequent among women with preterm births, and provider-initiated preterm births were the leading causes of premature births in this group. The factors significantly associated with hypertensive disorders among women with preterm births were obesity, excessive weight gain, and higher maternal age. hypertension crosssectional cross sectional Birth period variable care χ ttests. ttests t tests. tests t-tests 4150 4 150 4,15 1169 1 169 1,16 28.2% 282 28 2 (28.2% PR (PR 2.49 249 49 PR= 2.64 264 64 group providerinitiated provider initiated gain 415 15 4,1 116 16 1,1 28.2 (28.2 2.4 24 2.6 26 6 41 4, 11 1, 28. (28. 2. (28 (2 (

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to compare the maternal and perinatal characteristics and outcomes between women with and without diabetes in a Brazilian cohort of women with preterm births. Methods This was an ancillary analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth, which included 4,150 preterm births. This analysis divided preterm births into two groups according to the presence of diabetes; pregestational and gestational diabetes were clustered in the same Diabetes Group. Differences between both groups were assessed using χ 2 or Student’s t tests. Results Preterm births of 133 and 4,017 women with and without diabetes, respectively, were included. The prevalence of diabetes was 3.2%. Pregnant women aged ≥35 years were more common in the Diabetes Group (31.6% versus 14.0% non-diabetic women, respectively). The rate of cesarean section among patients with diabetes was 68.2% versus 52.3% in non-diabetic cases), with a gestational age at birth between 34 and 36 weeks in 78.9% of the cases and 62.1% of the controls. Large-for-gestational-age babies were 7 times more common in the Diabetes Group. Conclusion Preterm birth among Brazilian women with diabetes was more than twice as prevalent; these women were older and had regular late preterm deliveries, usually by cesarean section. They also had a greater frequency of fetal morbidities, such as malformations and polyhydramnios, and a higher proportion of large-for-gestational-age and macrosomic neonates. Birth 4150 4 150 4,15 Students Student s tests 13 4017 017 4,01 respectively 32 3 3.2% 35 ≥3 31.6% 316 31 6 (31.6 140 14 0 14.0 nondiabetic non diabetic respectively. . respectively) 682 68 68.2 523 52 52.3 cases, , cases) 789 78 9 78.9 621 62 1 62.1 controls Largeforgestationalage Large for prevalent deliveries morbidities polyhydramnios largeforgestationalage large neonates 415 15 4,1 401 01 4,0 3.2 ≥ 31.6 (31. 14. 68. 5 52. 78. 62. 41 4, 40 3. 31. (31 (3 (

Resumo Objetivo A gestação após cirurgia bariátrica é uma realidade do século XXI e, portanto, é de suma importância que os obstetras saibam conduzir o pré-natal dessas gestantes. A deficiência nutricional mais prevalente nessa população é a deficiência de ferro, que tem como consequência a anemia. Apesar da própria gestação e da cirurgia serem fatores de risco para anemia ferropriva, realizamos um estudo para avaliar se existem outros fatores que são de risco e quais condutas podem melhorar os níveis de hemoglobina nessa população. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectiva, e foram realizadas medidas de frequência e análise odds ratio, X2, e teste de exato de Fisher para a avaliação dos fatores de risco. Resultados Foram avaliadas 44 gestações após cirurgia bariátrica com incidência de anemia de 62%, sendo que o único fator de risco identificado foi a etnia preta. O sal de ferro utilizado na reposição não se associou com o risco de anemia. Em somente 27% das gestantes o ajuste da dose oral de ferro foi suficiente para corrigir a anemia, enquanto em 36% foi necessária a suplementação com ferro endovenoso. Conclusão Ser de etnia preta foi fator de risco para anemia após cirurgia bariátrica e o tipo de sal de ferro para suplementação não se correlacionou com a incidência de anemia. Para o tratamento da anemia, somente o ajuste da dose da medicação parece ser suficiente para a resolução desta. portanto prénatal pré natal ferropriva Tratase Trata retrospectiva ratio X2 X 4 62 62% 27 36 endovenoso desta 6 2 3

Abstract Objective Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is a reality of the 21st century and therefore is essential that all obstetricians know how to manage it. The most prevalent nutritional deficiency is iron deficiency and, consequently, anemia. Although bariatric surgery and pregnancy are already risk factors for anemia, we evaluated in our study if there were any other risk factors and actions to improve hemoglobin levels in this population. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study, and performed frequency measurements and analyzes of odds ratio, X2 and Fisher exact test to evaluate the risk factors. Results We evaluated 44 pregnancies after bariatric surgery, with an incidence of anemia of 62%, and the only identifiable risk factor for anemia was being black. As for the treatment, the iron salt used for oral supplementation did not associate with anemia risk, and in 27% of the patients, the adjustment of the oral dosage was enough for improvement in hemoglobin levels, but in 36% supplementation with intravenous iron was necessary. Conclusion Being black is a risk factor for anemia. The type of iron salt does not correlate with the incidence of anemia, and for the treatment and improvement of iron dosages, it seems an effective increase in iron intake. st consequently population ratio X 4 62 62% 27 patients 36 necessary dosages intake 6 2 3

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as diversas perspectivas que envolvem a escolha dos LARCs, as problemáticas relacionadas a esse processo e as consequências da escolha do método na vida das mulheres no centro de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em Sousas, distrito de Campinas, SP. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado no Centro de Saúde de Sousas. Os dados foram coletados através da análise de prontuários e de entrevistas das mulheres residentes em Sousas, que inseriram o dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) de cobre (D) entre abril de 2021 a abril de 2022 ou o implante de etonogestrel (I) de maio a dezembro de 2022. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciência Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Resultados O motivo da escolha: por indicação médica (D: 52%; I: 100%), pela facilidade (D: 71%; I: 67%) e pela eficácia (D: 55%; I: 100%). Da indicação por profissionais de saúde (D: 65%; I: 100%). E melhora das características clínicas: humor (D: 77%; I: 67%), índice de massa corporal (IMC; D: 52%; I: 33%) e libido (D: 84%; I: 67%). Conclusão Sugere-se que as mulheres tendem a escolher LARCs quando orientadas pelo seu médico ou por profissionais de saúde da APS e optam pelos LARCs pela facilidade do uso e baixa taxa de falhas. Destaca-se como os LARC's podem interferir positivamente em aspectos que perpassam a contracepção, como o IMC, libido e estado de humor. (APS Sousas SP Tratase Trata se analítico DIU (DIU D (D 202 I (I UNICAMP. UNICAMP . (UNICAMP) 52% 52 100%, 100 100% , 100%) 71% 71 67% 67 55% 55 100%. 65% 65 clínicas 77% 77 67%, IMC (IMC 33% 33 84% 84 67%. Sugerese Sugere falhas Destacase Destaca LARC s contracepção 20 (UNICAMP 5 10 7 6 3 8 2 1

Abstract Objective Evaluate the different perspectives that involve the choice of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), the issues related to this process and the consequences of deciding one method in the women's in the primary health care (PHC) center in Sousas, a district in Campinas, SP (Brazil). Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study, it was performed at the PHC in Sousas. Data were collected through the analysis of medical records and interviews with women who live in Sousas and had the insertion of the copper intrauterine device (IUD) (D) from April 2021 to April 2022 or the etonogestrel implant (I) from May to December 2022. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Science School at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Results Reason for choosing this LARC: medical (D: 52%; I: 100%), easy adhesion (D: 71%; I: 67%), effectiveness (D: 55%; I: 100%). Indication by health professionals (D: 65%; I: 100%). And improvement of clinical characteristics: mood (D: 77%; I: 67%), body mass index (BMI; D: 52%; I: 33%), and libido (D: 84%; I: 67%). Conclusion It is suggested that women tend to decide between LARCs when guided by their doctor or PHC health professionals, and they select LARCs because of the ease of use and low failure rates. Therefore, this study highlights how LARCs can positively interfere in the aspects that pervade contraception, such as BMI, libido, and mood. longacting long acting LARCs, , (LARCs) womens s (PHC Brazil. Brazil . (Brazil) crosssectional cross sectional IUD (IUD D (D 202 I (I UNICAMP. UNICAMP (UNICAMP) LARC 52% 52 100%, 100 100% 100%) 71% 71 67%, 67 67% 67%) 55% 55 100%. 65% 65 characteristics 77% 77 BMI (BMI 33%, 33 33% 33%) 84% 84 67%. rates Therefore contraception (LARCs (Brazil 20 (UNICAMP 5 10 7 6 3 8 2 1

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar características sociodemográficas e obstétricas de mulheres com diabetes gestacional que mantêm hiperglicemia no período pós-parto (6–12 semanas pós-parto). Métodos Este é um estudo longitudinal de coorte com mulheres com diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional e/ou macrossomia fetal entre 1° de março de 2016 a 1° de março de 2017. As mulheres coletaram glicemia de jejum, teste de tolerância a glicose e hemoglobina glicada entre 6 a 12 semanas pós-parto. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários médicos e durante entrevista na primeira consulta de revisão pós-parto. Uma análise estatística foi realizada através do cálculo de frequências, porcentagens, teste do qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão multivariada de Poisson. A significância estatística adotada foi de 5%. Resultados Cento e vinte e duas mulheres foram incluídas. A maioria delas tinha menos de 35 anos de idade (70,5%), eram brancas, multíparas, e não tinham história de diabetes gestacional. Treze por cento das participantes desenvolveu hiperglicemia persistente. A análise univariada mostrou que os fatores relacionados com a persistência de hiperglicemia no período pós-natal foram: idade materna acima de 35 anos, sobrepeso, obesidade grau 1 e ganho de peso abaixo de 5 quilos. A análisemultivariada incluiu o diagnóstico no primeiro trimestre como fator de risco para hiperglicemia persistente. Conclusão Mulheres acima de 35 anos, obesidade, sobrepeso e diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional no primeiro trimestre estão relacionados com hiperglicemia persistente no período pós-parto.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the obstetric and sociodemographic characteristics of gestational diabetic women who maintained hyperglycemia in the postpartum period (6-12 weeks postpartum). Methods This is a longitudinal cohort study with women who have had gestational diabetes and/or macrosomic children between March 1st, 2016 and March 1st, 2017. Between 6 and 12 weeks after birth, women who had gestational diabetes collected fasting glycemia, glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin results. The data were collected from medical records and during an interview in the first postpartum consultation. A statistical analysis was performed using frequency, percentage, Chi- Squared test, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and multivariate Poisson regression. The significance level adopted for the statistical tests was 5%. Results One hundred and twenty-two women were included. Most of the women were younger than 35 years old (70.5%), white, multiparous, and with no history of gestational diabetes. Thirteen percent of the participants developed persistent hyperglycemia. A univariate analysis showed that maternal age above 35 years, being overweight, having grade 1 obesity and weight gain under 5 kg was related to the persistence of hyperglycemia in the postpartum period. Conclusion Maternal age above 35 years, obesity and overweight, and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with hyperglycemia during the postpartum period.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o uso da tocólise em partos prematuros decorrentes de trabalho de parto espontâneo numa amostra brasileira. Métodos Um total de 1.491 mulheres com parto prematuro decorrente de trabalho de parto espontâneo foram avaliadas, considerando a realização de tocólise ou conduta expectante, de acordo com a idade gestacional ao nascimento (< 34 semanas e 34 a 36 þ 6 semanas) e com as drogas prescritas. O estudo ocorreu em 20 hospitais brasileiros, de abril de 2011a julho de 2012. Análises bivariadas foram realizadas para avaliar associações com características sociodemográficas e obstétricas. Foram calculadas as relações de probabilidade comseus respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%) para os desfechos neonatais e maternos. Resultados Um total de 1.491 casos de partos prematuros foram considerados, e a tocólise foi realizada em 342 (23%) casos, dos quais 233 (68,1%) tiveram partos antes das 34 semanas. No grupo da conduta expectante, 73% forampré-termos tardios e com trabalho de parto mais avançado à admissão. As drogas mais utilizadas foram os bloqueadores do canal de cálcio (62.3%), seguidos pelos betamiméticos (33%). No grupo da tocólise houvemais complicações neonatais ematernas (maioria não grave) e um uso de corticosteroides 29 vezes mais frequente que nos casos de conduta expectante. Conclusão A tocólise foi mais favorável nos casos de trabalho de parto inicial e nos partos realizados antes de 34 semanas de gestação, usando preferencialmente bloqueadores do canal de cálcio, comsucesso em realizar altas taxas de corticoterapia. A tocólise esteve associada a maiores taxas de complicações maternas e neonatais, o que pode ser explicado pela diferença basal dos casos à admissão. Entretanto, esses resultados devem acender um alerta em relação ao uso de tocolíticos.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the use of tocolysis in cases of preterm birth due to spontaneous preterm labor in a Brazilian sample. Methods A sample of 1,491 women with preterm birth due to spontaneous preterm labor were assessed, considering treatment with tocolysis or expectant management, according to gestational age at birth (< 34 weeks and 34 to 36 þ 6 weeks) and drugs prescribed. The study took place in 20 Brazilian hospitals from April 2011 to July 2012. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and odds ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results A total of 1,491 cases of preterm birth were considered. Tocolysis was performed in 342 cases (23%), 233 of which (68.1%) were delivered before 34 weeks. Within the expectant management group, 73% was late preterm and with more advanced labor at the time of admission. The most used drugs were calcium channel blockers (62.3%), followed by betamimetics (33%). Among the subjects in the tocolysis group, there were more neonatal and maternal complications (majority non-severe) and an occurrence of corticosteroid use that was 29 higher than in the expectant management group. Conclusion Tocolysis is favored in cases of earlier labor and also among thosewith less than 34 weeks of gestation, using preferably calcium channel blockers, with success in achieving increased corticosteroid use. Tocolysis, in general, was related to higher maternal and neonatal complication rates, which may be due to the baseline difference between cases at admission. However, these results should raise awareness to tocolysis use.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência de resultados gestacionais e neonatais desfavoráveis em mulheres com rastreamento positivo e diagnóstico negativo para diabetes mellitus gestacional. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo realizado entre 2000 e 2009. Foram incluídas no estudo 409 gestantes com rastreamento positivo para diabetes mellitus. As variáveis estudadas foram: maternas (idade, índice de massa corpórea, antecedente de cesárea, macrossomia ou diabetes mellitus em gestação anterior, antecedente pessoal e familiar de diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial crônica) e neonatais (poli-hidrâmnio, idade gestacional por ocasião do parto, prematuridade, cesárea, recém-nascido (RN) grande para idade gestacional (GIG), macrossomia, índice de Apgar, síndrome do desconforto respiratório, hipoglicemia e hiperbilirrubinemia). Inicialmente foi realizada análise descrita uni e multivariada para a ocorrência de fatores de risco e desfechos neonatais. Foram descritas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: em 255 (62,3%) das gestantes a via de parto foi cesárea. Quanto aos resultados perinatais, 14,2% dos RN foram classificados como prematuros e 19,3% dos RN como GIG. Os fatores de risco correlacionados com RN GIG foram sobrepeso ou obesidade, idade materna e antecedente de macrossomia em gestação anterior. CONCLUSÕES: na população com fatores de risco positivos ou glicemia de jejum alterada na primeira consulta do pré-natal, mesmo com curva glicêmica normal observa-se taxa de RN GIG elevada assim como índice de cesárea acima dos valores habitualmente presentes nas populações consideradas de baixo risco. As grávidas com tais características constituem um grupo diferenciado.

PURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of adverse gestational and neonatal outcomes in women with a positive screening and negative diagnosis for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2000 to 2009 on 409 women with positive screening for GDM. The maternal variables studied were: age, body mass index, history of cesarean section, macrosomia or diabetes mellitus in a previous pregnancy and a personal or family history of diabetes mellitus and chronic arterial hypertension. The neonatal variables studied were: polyhydramnios, gestational age at birth, prematurity, cesarean delivery, large for gestational age (LGA) newborn, macrosomia, Apgar score, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Uni- and multivariate descriptive analyses were first performed regarding risk factors and neonatal outcome and the prevalences and respective 95% confidence intervals were determined. RESULTS: the route of delivery was cesarian section in 255 cases (62.3%), preterm birth occurred in 14.2% of cases and 19.3% of the newborns were LGA. The risk factors correlated with LGA newborns were overweight or obesity, maternal age and a history of macrosomia in a previous pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: a high rate of LGA newborns was observed in the population with positive risk factors or altered fasting glycemia on the occasion of the first prenatal visit, even when the glycemia curve was normal, with cesarean rates above those habitually observed in populations considered to be of low risk. Pregnant women with these characteristics represent a differential group.

OBJETIVO: identificar e descrever a prevalência de anticorpos antifosfolípides (anticorpo anticardiolipina e anticoagulante lúpico) em gestantes diabéticas. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo de prevalência, realizado no período de julho de 2003 a março de 2004. Foram estudadas 56 gestantes diabéticas gestacionais e pré-gestacionais que ingressaram ao pré-natal e aceitaram participar do estudo. Nenhuma gestante foi excluída. Se um ou outro anticorpo estivesse presente, a gestante seria tratada com heparina e ácido acetilsalicílico. Foram caracterizados os perfis da gestante, a evolução da gestação e o recém-nascido. RESULTADOS: foram diagnosticados anticorpos antifosfolípides em apenas quatro gestantes das 56 estudadas, o que representou prevalência de 7% (IC 95% - 0,1-13,9). Nas gestantes diabéticas com anticorpos antifosfolípides a duração do diabetes foi de cinco anos ou mais. A idade variou de 27 a 38 anos, sendo uma primigesta, outra secundigesta e as outras duas multíparas. As gestantes com anticorpos antifosfolípides, que foram tratadas, tiveram recém-nascidos vivos, de termo, cujos pesos variaram entre 2.650 g e 4.000 g. CONCLUSÃO: a prevalência de anticorpos antifosfolípides em gestantes diabéticas gestacionais é baixa, e similar à população geral de grávidas. Está prevalência aumenta quando a gestante é diabética pré-gestacional.

PURPOSE: to diagnose and treat diabetic pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies and to describe the gestational and perinatal results. METHODS: we evaluated 56 gestational and pregestational diabetic women who were attended at one specialized prenatal care unit, between July 2003 and March 2004. All of them had a blood test to quantify antiphospholipid antibodies. If positive, they were treated with heparin and aspirin at low doses and the usual treatment for diabetes. We calculated the prevalence and 95% confidence interval for all and also those for the pregestational ones. The characteristics of the pregnancies and the newborns are described. RESULTS: antiphospholipid antibodies prevalence among the diabetic pregnant women was 7% (95% CI - 0.1 to 13.9). Among pregestational diabetic women it was 12% (95% CI - 0.2 to 23.3). Among the diabetic women with antiphospholipid antibodies the duration of disease was five years or more. Maternal age in positive antiphospholipid antibodies diabetics ranged from 27 to 38 years; one was primiparous, another was secundiparous and two were multiparous. CONCLUSION: antiphospholipid antibodies prevalence in diabetic pregnant women was similar to that in the general population and lower than that of the pregestational diabetic women.