Abstract The knowledge about the effect of salinity on the physiological mechanism of bivalve reproduction is fundamental to improve production strategies in hatcheries. The present work evaluated the influence of different salinity concentrations (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g⋅L−1) on pre- and post-fertilization development processes in the clam, Anomalocardia flexuosa, oocytes obtained by stripping. Salinity directly interfered with the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rate and in the cellular stability of unfertilized oocytes. Salinity concentrations between 30 and 35 g⋅L−1 provided better percentages of stable GVBD within 120 min, and incubation of oocytes in the salinity range of 30-35 g⋅L−1 for a time interval of 80-120 min provided > 80% GVBD. In the post-fertilization analysis, salinity affected the rate of the extrusion of the first and second polar bodies (PB1 and PB2). The release of 50% of the PBs was faster at a salinity of 35 g⋅L−1, with an estimated time of 10 min for PB1 and 30 min for PB2. Thus, chromosome manipulation methodologies aiming triploids should be applied at 35 g⋅L−1 salinity, with application of post-fertilization shock before 10 min for PB1 retention or before 30 min for PB2 retention. hatcheries 15, 15 (15 20 25 3 4 gL1 gL g L 1 pre postfertilization post fertilization clam flexuosa stripping (GVBD g⋅L− 12 3035 30-3 80120 80 80-12 analysis PB (PB . PB2) 50 Thus (1 2 g⋅L 303 30- 8012 8 80-1 5 ( 801 80-

This qualitative research aimed at identifying the knowledge of the mothers regarding diarrhea. It was conducted with eight mothers of hospitalized children in a university hospital located in Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in 2012. Data were collected through open interviews and the analysis was based on Bardin. The categories emerging from the analysis were: understanding diarrhea and preventing/treating diarrhea. Regarding the understanding of diarrhea, mothers conceptualize and understand it from the symptoms, habits/eating mistakes and/or cultural beliefs. Concerning the prevention and treatment of the disease, the mothers highlight hygiene and home cleaning as preventive measures, as well the importance of home and hospital care measures. The interviewees have basic knowledge of pathology, further studies are necessary in order to define the current gap between the knowledge of mothers and recurrence of diarrhea cases, resulting in hospitalization and expenses with unnecessary treatment.

Investigación cualitativa, cuyo objetivo fue describir los conocimientos de madres acerca de la diarrea. Llevado a cabo con ocho madres de niños en hospital universitario de Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, en 2012. Recolección de datos realizada a través de entrevista abierta, con análisis basada en Bardin. Del análisis, surgieron las categorías: comprensión de la diarrea y prevención/tratamiento de la diarrea. En cuanto a la comprensión de la diarrea, las madres conceptuaron y entendieron a partir de síntomas, errores/hábitos de alimentación y/o creencias culturales. En cuanto a la prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad, señalaron higiene y limpieza del hogar como medida de precaución, y la importancia de medidas domiciliarias y atención hospitalaria. Las entrevistadas presentaron conocimientos básicos de la patología, siendo necesarios nuevos estudios para delimitar laguna entre conocimiento de las madres y recurrencia de casos de diarrea, que causa hospitalizaciones y gastos en tratamientos innecesarios.

Pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou identificar os conhecimentos das mães acerca da diarreia. Realizado com oito mães de crianças internadas no hospital universitário localizado em Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em 2012. Coleta de dados realizada através de entrevista aberta, sendo a análise fundamentada em Bardin. Da análise emergiram as categorias: compreendendo a diarreia e prevenindo/tratando a diarreia. Em relação à compreensão da diarreia, as mães conceituam e a compreendem a partir da sintomatologia, erros/hábitos alimentares e/ou crenças culturais. Quanto à prevenção e tratamento da doença, elas sinalizam os cuidados de higiene e limpeza domiciliar como medidas de precaução, bem como a importância das medidas domiciliares e cuidados hospitalares. As entrevistadas possuem conhecimentos básicos acerca da patologia, sendo necessária a realização de novos estudos, para delimitar a lacuna existente entre o conhecimento das mães e a reincidência dos casos de diarreias, acarretando internações e gastos com tratamentos desnecessários.