Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV in individuals by analyzing the influence of social determinants and sexual risk behaviors, in order to estimate the crude and adjusted risks of being HIV positive in the municipality of Solidaridad, state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Method and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the municipality of Solidaridad, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Third and fourth generation HIV rapid tests were performed. Descriptive statistics, measures of association (OR and 95 % CI) and p value were calculated for each stratum. Logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with being HIV positive in the tests. Results: The sample consisted of 4,800 people, of whom 3,030 were men (63.12%); the mean age was 32.6 years (SD 14.96). The variables included in the multivariate model for being HIV positive are: men who have sex with men with OR=61.20, age 30-39 years OR=1.72, having anal sex OR=2.21, and as a protective factor having health service OR =0.42. Conclusions: This study confirms already known social determinants such as being male and being in economically active age and sexual practices such as: having anal sex and men with men. Being entitled to health services was shown to be the only protective factor.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de VIH en personas analizando la influencia de los determinantes sociales y las conductas sexuales de riesgo, para estimar los riesgos crudos y ajustados para ser VIH positivo en el municipio Solidaridad, estado de Quintana Roo, México. Método y Materiales: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el municipio de Solidaridad, Quintana Roo, México. Se realizaron pruebas rápidas de VIH de tercera y cuarta generación. Se calcularon las estadísticas descriptivas, las medidas de asociación (OR e IC del 95 %) y el valor de p para cada estrato. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con ser VIH positivo en las pruebas. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 4,800 personas de las cuales; 3,030 hombres (63.12%); la edad promedio fue de 32.6 años (D.E. 14.96). Las variables incluidas en el modelo multivariado para ser VIH positivo son: hombres que tienen sexo con hombres con OR=61.20, edad 30-39 años OR=1.72, tener sexo anal OR=2.21, y como factor protector contar con servicio de salud OR =0.42. Conclusiones: Este estudio confirma determinantes sociales ya conocidos como el ser hombre y estar en edad económicamente activa y prácticas sexuales como: el tener sexo anal y hombres con hombres. Contar con derechohabiencia se muestra como único factor protector.

Resumo Nos últimos 40 anos, a Teoria Crítica das Relações Internacionais (TCRI) influenciou os estudiosos tanto no Norte como no Sul Global. Entretanto, em relação à América Latina, a trajetória é ligeiramente diferente. Por um lado, a conceitualização não havia divorciado o nacional do internacional, como na teoria da dependência. Por outro lado, Gramsci foi muito lido antes de Robert W. Cox e até mesmo antes das Relações Internacionais terem sido constituídas como uma disciplina por direito próprio. Neste contexto, o objetivo do artigo é apresentar possíveis contribuições das abordagens (neo)gramscianas para a compreensão da região da AL, estabelecendo uma relação dialética entre alguns tópicos e conceitos que oferecem insights (e a reflexão teórica a respeito) e alguns conceitos (neo)gramscianos. Portanto, queremos reler, em uma via dialética, tanto a TCRI como alguns aspectos de como o pensamento gramsciano tem viajado em AL. Pretendemos analisar como esse pensamento está prosperando, se é que está prosperando, e discutir a relevância de resgatar o pensamento internacional de Gramsci para pensar a região.

Abstract In the last 40 years, Critical International Relations Theory (CIRT) has influenced scholars in the Global North as well as the South. Latin America shows particular features. On the one hand, conceptualisation did not divorce the domestic from the international, as in dependency theory. On the other, Gramsci was widely read much before Robert W. Cox and even before International Relations was constituted as a discipline in its own right. In this context, this article aims to present possible contributions of (neo)Gramscian approaches to the understanding of Latin America as a region. It does so by establishing a dialectical relationship between a few topics that offer insights (and the theoretical reflection they provoke) and some (neo)Gramscian concepts. Hence, we want to re-read, in a dialectical vein, both CIRT and some aspects of how Gramscian thought has travelled in Latin America. We intend to analyse how such thinking is thriving, if at all, and discuss the possible relevance of rescuing Gramscian international thought to think about the region.

Abstract Oil spills, intrinsically related to the petroleum production chain, represent a risk to the marine environment and a potential threat to humans through seafood consumption. We revised the NE Brazil oil spill and other accidents along the Brazilian coast, with a focus on seafood contamination, covering topics such as bioaccumulation, bioaccessibility, and risk analysis. Comprehensive knowledge of the impacts of spills helps in the interpretation of the dynamics of hydrocarbons released into the sea, contributing to actions to control their negative impacts. Currently, no legal limits have been established permanently in Brazil for PAHs in seafood edible tissues.

ABSTRACT Human toxocariasis is an important parasitic zoonosis caused by larval forms of toxocara, a nematode parasite of dogs and cats. The migration of the larva through the different soft tissues in humans generates a series of clinical entities, such as: covert toxocariasis, visceral larva migrans syndrome, ocular toxocariasis and neurotoxocariasis. The clinical case of a six-year-old patient is presented, hospitalized as a result of an acute febrile syndrome associated with abdominal pain; whose physical examination revealed meningeal signs, photophobia, fundus alterations and moderate eosinophilia. Taking into account the epidemiology, the clinical picture and the results of serological studies, the diagnosis of ocular larva migrans was concluded, for which specific treatment was used with a satisfactory evolution. This nosological entity requires an adequate socio-epidemiological assessment of the patients, as well as a thorough physical examination that, together with the specific tests, will allow early diagnosis and timely treatment.

RESUMEN La toxocariasis humana es una importante zoonosis parasitaria causada por formas larvarias del toxocara, un parásito nematodo de perros y gatos. La migración de la larva por los diferentes tejidos blandos en el ser humano genera una serie de entidades clínicas, tales como: toxocariasis encubierta, el síndrome de larva migrans visceral, la toxocariasis ocular y la neurotoxocariasis. Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente de seis años de edad, hospitalizado a consecuencia de un síndrome febril agudo asociado a dolor abdominal; cuyo examen físico, reveló signos meníngeos, fotofobia, alteraciones en el fondo de ojo y eosinofilia moderada. Teniendo en cuenta la epidemiología, el cuadro clínico y los resultados de estudios serológicos, se concluyó el diagnóstico de larva migrans ocular, para lo cual se utilizó tratamiento específico con una evolución satisfactoria. Esta entidad nosológica requiere de una adecuada valoración socio-epidemiológica de los pacientes, así como de un minucioso examen físico que, unido a las pruebas específicas permitirán el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno.

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to test better stocking proportion according to animal size for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and tadpole (Lithobates catesbeianus). The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with five treatments (in Experiment I) and four treatments (in Experiment II). In Experiment I, the treatments consisted of a tilapia monoculture; a 75% tilapia + 25% tadpole polyculture; a 50% tilapia + 50% tadpole; a 25% tilapia + 75% tadpole; and a tadpole monoculture. In Experiment II, the treatments were represented by a tilapia monoculture; a 12.5% tilapia + 87.5% tadpole polyculture; a 25% tilapia + 75% tadpole; and a tadpole monoculture. In the first trial, mortality rate differed significantly, with the polyculture treatments having almost 100% mortality of tadpoles. In the second experiment, after adjustments in the initial size of the species, there were significant differences between treatments, with the 12.5% tilapia + 87.5% tadpole polyculture and the tadpole monoculture providing the best results. Regardless of the chosen density, for a polyculture of Nile tilapia and bullfrog tadpoles, ideal conditions would be stocking tilapia fry weighing 50% of the weight initial tadpoles and the proportion of one tilapia for seven tadpoles.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the G20 and Women20’ progress in promoting gender equality, especially regarding the economic gender gap between men and women in their respective agendas and in their policy recommendations,by analyzing the G20’Leaders Declarations and W20 Communiques, from 2015 until 2019. We’ve mobilized a qualitative methodology with primary and secondary sources and documentary analysis. The G20 is considered an informal cooperation forum and the W20 is one of its engagement groups. The W20 and G20 incorporate gender issues in their agendas, recommendations and declarations. The progress around the global governance on gender policy is still scarce, but promising by determining clear goals and recommendations regarding the eradication of the gender gap and in broadening the purposeful agenda of gender equality in informal multilateral cooperation.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los avances del G20 y del Women20 para la promoción de la igualdad de género y la erradicación de la brecha económica entre hombres y mujeres , en sus respectivas agendas y recomendaciones políticas. Para ello, se analizan los documentos resultantes de las Cumbres de Líderes del G20 que tratan temas de género y los comunicados surgidos del W20 desde 2015 hasta 2019. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa con fuentes primarias y secundarias, utilizando como técnica de recolección de datos el análisis documental de los documentos oficiales del G20 (Declaraciones de Líderes) y del W20 (Comunicados). Se considera al G20 como un espacio de cooperación informal y se caracteriza al W20 como un grupo de afinidad del mismo. Se observa que el W20 y el G20 han logrado incorporar correctamente la cuestión de género en sus agendas, recomendaciones y declaraciones. Los avances de estas incorporaciones respecto de la gobernanza global de género han sido escasos, pero prometedores ya que permiten identificar metas claras y recomendaciones explícitas para erradicar la brecha económica de género, ampliando la agenda propositiva de igualdad de género en el área de la cooperación multilateral informal.

RESUMO Desde sua criação, predominaram no BRICS discussões relativas à economia política internacional, especialmente as ligadas ao desenvolvimento internacional. Entretanto, a partir das cúpulas de Sanya (2011) e Delhi (2012), questões de segurança internacional passaram a paulatinamente ocupar maior espaço dentro do grupo. Tais cúpulas são aqui entendidas como marco desse processo, e particularmente a temática da segunda, BRICS Partnership for Global Stability, Security and Prosperity, como essencial para o argumento proposto. O objetivo geral do artigo é analisar as discussões sobre segurança internacional dentro das cúpulas dos BRICS de 2009 a 2019. De modo a cumpri-lo, discute a aproximação do grupo ao nexo desenvolvimento-segurança, bem como os limites desta aproximação, e realiza uma análise de conteúdo das declarações de cúpula dos BRICS. Destacam-se na análise seis unidades temáticas e dentro de cada uma delas se sublinha a evolução das discussões e a abordagem do grupo às problemáticas.

ABSTRACT Since its foundation in the late 2000s, BRICS was inclined to cooperate more intensely in what regards international political economy, especially topics concerned with international development. From the summits of Sanya (2011) and Delhi (2012), however, topics on international security started gradually to find its place among the group. Both summits are understood here as turning points and the later theme, BRICS Partnership for Global Stability, Security and Prosperity , as essential to the proposed argument. Having said that, the main goal of this article is to uncover the thickening of cooperation on international security among BRICS from 2009 to 2019. In order to do so, first it is debated its approach to the development-security nexus as well as its limits, and later a content analysis of the summits declarations is undertaken. Stands out from the analysis six thematic areas and inside each is highlighted the evolution of BRICS approach toward the topic.

RESUMEN Desde su creación en la segunda mitad de la década del 2000, predominaron en los BRICS discusiones relativas a la economía política internacional, especialmente aquellas ligadas al desarrollo internacional. A partir de las cúpulas de Sanya (2011) y Delhi (2012), sin embargo, cuestiones de seguridad internacional pasan también a tener paulatinamente un espacio dentro del grupo. Los encuentros son entendidos aquí como marco de este proceso y la temática del segundo, BRICS Partnership for Global Stability, Security and Prosperity, como esencial para el argumento propuesto. El objetivo general del artículo es analizar las discusiones sobre Seguridad Internacional dentro de las cúpulas de los BRICS de 2009 a 2019. Para cumplirlo, se discute la aproximación del grupo al nexo desarrollo-seguridad, así como los límites de esta aproximación y es realizado un análisis de contenido de las declaraciones de la cúpula de los BRICS. Se destacan en el análisis seis unidades temáticas y dentro de cada una se subraya la evolución de las discusiones y el abordaje que dio el grupo a cada una.

RÉSUMÉ Depuis sa création dans la seconde moitié des années 2000, ont prédominé dans les BRICS les discussions concernant l’économie politique internationale, notamment celles liées au développement international. Mais depuis les sommets de Sanya (2011) et de Delhi (2012), les questions de sécurité internationale ont également progressivement gagné place au sein du groupe. Les réunions sont comprises ici comme un jalon de ce processus et le thème du deuxième, le BRICS Partnership for Global Stability, Security and Prosperity , est essentiel à l’argumentation proposée. L’objectif général de l’article est d’analyser les discussions sur la sécurité internationale dans le cadre des sommets des BRICS de 2009 à 2019. Pour y parvenir, l’approche du groupe sur le lien développement-sécurité est discutée, ainsi que les limites de cette approche, et une analyse du contenu des déclarations au sommet des BRICS est effectuée. Six unités thématiques ressortent de l’analyse et au sein de chacune d’elles, l’évolution des discussions et l’approche du groupe face aux problèmes sont mises en évidence.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza las conductas político-económicas emprendidas por China pos-reformas (1976-2015) a partir de la teoría y de la historia de los conceptos con base en Koselleck (2006) y Sartori (1970). La metodología fue cualitativa, enfocada en el análisis de contenido y en investigaciones bibliográfica y documental. Tal análisis sigue la evolución de los planos en el tiempo y su consecución vía planificación por medio de actos de habla y formalizados en políticas (policies). A partir de ahí, fue posible concluir que la innovación conceptual fue implementada de forma pragmática por la RFC (vía Partido Comunista Chino). Así, la RFC buscó el establecimiento de una relación amistosa entre Estado y mercado, inaugurando así un nuevo léxico en la economía política internacional contemporánea: la economía socialista de mercado.

Abstract This paper analyzes the political-economic behavior of China in the post-reform era (1976-2015) from the perspective of theory and history of concepts, based on Koselleck (2006) and Sartori (1970). The methodology is qualitative, based on content analysis and bibliographical and documentary research. The analysis follows the evolution of the plans over time and their achievement by means of planning through speech acts and formalized policies. Following this, it is possible to conclude that conceptual innovation was implemented in a pragmatic way by the FRC (through the Chinese Communist Party). Hence, the FRC preferred a close relationship bet-ween state and market, thereby creating a new concept in contemporary international political economy: the socialist market economy.

Resumo Este trabalho analisou as condutas político-econômicas empreendidas pela China pósreformas (1976-2015) a partir da teoria e da história dos conceitos com base em Koselleck (2006) e Sartori (1970). A metodologia foi qualitativa, baseada na análise de conteúdo e em pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Tal análise atenta para a evolução dos Planos no tempo e sua consecução via planejamento por meio de atos de fala e formalizados em policies. A partir daí foi possível concluir que a inovação conceitual foi implementada de forma pragmática pela RPC (via Partido Comunista Chinês). Assim, a RPC buscou o estabelecimento de uma relação amistosa entre Estado e mercado, inaugurando assim um novo léxico na Economia Política Internacional contemporânea: a economia socialista de mercado.

Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases enterobacteria (ESBL-EP) have implications for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe the prevalence of ESBL-EP in neonatal sepsis and associated factors. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2016 to August 2017; newborn babies (NB) hospitalized in the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca” were included. The ESBL-EP were investigated by double-disk synergy test and its association with clinical and demographic characteristics of the NB. Results. A total of 1,501 hospitalized NB were studied, with an average gestational age of 36.3 weeks. They were diagnosed 196 neonatal sepsis events, the most frequent etiologies were enterobacteria (45.5%). Resistance to ampicilin was found in 88.8% and to broad spectrum cephalosporins in more than 42% of the strains; 22.9% of them were ESBL phenotype. Apgar ≤ 7 at five minutes of life (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.47-14.6) and gestational age < 37 weeks (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.04-27.) increase the risk. Conclusion: In enterobacteria that cause neonatal sepsis, 22.9% were EP-ESBL; infection was more likely in patients with Apgar ≤ 7 at five minutes of age and in preterm infants.

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones causadas por enterobacterias productoras de β-talactamasas de espectro extendido (EP-BLEE) tienen implicaciones sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de EP-BLEE en sepsis neonatal y los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo, desde agosto del 2016 a agosto del 2017. Se incluyeron recién nacidos (RNs) ingresados en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”. Mediante prueba de difusión de doble disco se indagó la presencia de EP-BLEE y su asociación con características clínicas y demográficas de los RNs. Resultados: Se estudiaron 1.501 RNs hospitalizados, con edad gestacional promedio de 36,3 semanas. Se diagnosticaron 196 eventos de sepsis neonatal, la etiología más frecuente fueron enterobacterias (45,5%); 88,8% demostraron resistencia a ampicilina y más de 42% a cefalosporinas de amplio espectro. El 22,9% presentó fenotipo BLEE positivo. Tener Apgar ≤ 7 a los cinco minutos de vida (OR 4,6; IC 95% 1,47-14,6) y edad gestacional < 37 semanas (OR 5,4; IC 95%1,04-27,7) incrementaron el riesgo. Conclusión: En las enterobacterias causantes de sepsis neonatal, 22,9% son EP-BLEE; la infección es más probable en pacientes con Apgar ≤ 7 a los cinco minutos de vida y en prematuros.

The 2008 financial crisis stands out for being a crisis that occurred not in developing countries, but in the core capitalist countries, thus assuming greater proportions and with broader ramifications. In this context, the G20 gained new impetus, and, as a result, several studies have sought to understand not only the crisis but the role of the reformed G20 in the process of resolving it. Despite the relevance of this literature, little attention has been paid to the G20 outreach process, in particular to the growing dialogue established between the G20 and B20 (Business Summit 20), a group that represents the business sector in these exchanges. This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the engagement of business elites with the actions taken by the G20 to deal with the 2008 financial crisis – that is, the role of social forces in the (re)construction of contemporary international political economy. It seeks, in a concise and exploratory way, to sketch the relationship between the B20 and G20 in the period between 2010 and 2017, in order to better understand processes associated with the transnationalization of the capitalist class. It starts from the hypothesis that during this period it is possible to identify the constitution of a ‘B20 Nucleus’, constituted by the business sectors present at most B20 summits, and to a large extent based in the countries of the North Atlantic. In this sense, the B20 acts as a point of integration for the global corporate elite.

Resumen La presente discusión se inserta en el debate acerca del estado del arte de la Economía Política Internacional (EPI) en América latina y, específicamente, de la necesidad de producirse panoramas más completos acerca del desarrollo de la subárea en Brasil. A partir de una literatura crítica frente a la producción de conocimiento en la periferia de las Relaciones Internacionales, se parte del supuesto de que entender los caminos del estudio revelan los límites y las potencialidades de la producción de conocimiento autóctono en las distintas regiones. El objetivo del trabajo es, en este contexto, presentar un estudio exploratorio de la producción académica de EPI en Brasil entre los años 2000y 2015, en especial en relación con los artículos publicados en periódicos brasileros en el periodo.

Abstract The article is part of the debate about the state of art of IPE research in Latin America and, particularly, on the necessity to develop broader perspectives about the development of the IPE subfield in Brazil. Inspired by the critical literature concerning the knowledge production in the periphery of IR, the assumption here is that the understanding of the IR field pathways discloses the limits and potentials of indigenous knowledge production in different regions and places. Shows therefore, the article aims to present an exploratory research projects about the academic research on IPE in Brazil from 2000 to 2015, notably in regard to articles published in Brazilian journals daries this period.

Resumo A presente discussnnão se insere no debate acerca do estado da arte de Economia Política Internacional (EPI) na América latina e, especificamente, da necessidade de se produzir panoramas mais completos acerca do desenvolvimento da subárea no Brasil. A partir de uma literatura crítica frente àprodução de conhecimento na periferia das Relações Internacionais, parte-se do suposto de que entender os caminhos do campo de estudo revelam os limites e as potencialidades da produção de conhecimento autóctone nas distintas regiões. O objetivo do trabalho é, neste contexto, apresentar um estudo exploratório da produção acadêmica de EPI no Brasil entre os anos 2000 e 2015, em especial com relação aos artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros no período.

Introduction. The increasing survival rate of preterm infants has altered the epidemiology of neonatal diseases; however, neonatal mortality is still the main component of child mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate neonatal mortality and associated factors in newborn infants admitted to a neonatal care unit. Material and methods. Prospective cohort study conducted between January 2016 and January 2017 at Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca." The incidence of deaths and associated conditions was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 9366 live births were registered; 15% (n: 1410) of these were admitted to the neonatal care unit. The mortality rate was 125.5 per 1000 hospitalized newborn infants (95% confidence interval |-#91;CI|-#93;: 109-144); the main reasons for admission were congenital malformations or genetic disorders (28.2%), infections (24.9%), and respiratory distress (20.9%). The conditions associated with death were gestational age < 37 weeks (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.49-3.93), birth weight < 1500 grams (OR: 6.30, 95% CI: 4.15-9.55), moderate/severe respiratory distress at 10 minutes (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.24-2.86), Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes (OR: 9.40, 95% CI: 5.76-15.31), congenital malformations (OR: 5.52, 95% CI: 3.12-9.78), and less than 5 antenatal care visits (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.08). Conclusions. Preterm birth, low birth weight, respiratory distress, Apgar score < 7, congenital malformations, and a history of < 5 antenatal care visits were associated with a higher risk for death.

Introducción. La mayor supervivencia de pacientes prematuros ha modificado la epidemiología de las enfermedades del recién nacido, pero la mortalidad neonatal aún es el principal componente de la mortalidad infantil. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la mortalidad neonatal y los factores asociados en recién nacidos internados en una Unidad de Cuidados Neonatales. Material y métodos. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado de enero de 2016 a enero de 2017 en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca". Se cuantificó la incidencia de muertes y las condiciones asociadas mediante un análisis multivariado con regresión logística. Resultados. Se registraron 9366 nacidos vivos; fueron internados en la Unidad de Cuidados Neonatales el 15% (n: 1410). La mortalidad fue de 125,5 por 1000 recién nacidos internados (IC 95%: 109-144); las principales causas fueron malformaciones o enfermedades genéticas (28,2%), infecciones (24,9%) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (20,9%). Las condiciones asociadas a muerte fueron edad gestacional < 37 semanas (OR 2,41; IC 95%: 1,49-3,93), peso al nacer < 1500 gramos (OR 6,30; IC 95%: 4,159,55), dificultad respiratoria moderada/grave a los 10 minutos de vida (OR 1,89; IC 95%: 1,242,86), Apgar < 7 a los 5 minutos de vida (OR 9,40; IC 95%: 5,76-15,31), malformaciones congénitas (OR 5,52; IC 95%: 3,12-9,78) y menos de cinco consultas de control prenatal (OR 1,51; IC 95%: 1,09-2,08). Conclusiones. El nacimiento prematuro, bajo peso al nacer, dificultad respiratoria, Apgar < 7, malformaciones congénitas y antecedente de < 5 consultas de control prenatal se asociaron con mayor riesgo de muerte.