ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric parameters and the mass of adipose tissues of rats fed with cactacea flour. The animals were divided into five groups: C (Control), H (Hypercaloric diet), HP (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Pereskia grandifolia flour), HO (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Opuntia ficus-indica flour), and HA (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Agave tequilana flour). Feed intake and apparent digestibility, capillary glycemia, liver weight and Hepato-Somatic Index were evaluated. Adipose tissue mass and the Visceral Fat Index (VFI) and Epididymal Fat Index (EFI) were determined. The data were compared using the Tukey test at 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference between the groups for body weight, BMI and Lee Index. The HP and HA groups did not differ from the C group regarding weight gain, the C group had lower apparent digestibility of the diets, the HA group presented lower blood glucose when compared to the H and HO groups, and the H group had higher liver weight. The HP and HA groups gained the lowest adipose tissue mass, VFI and EFI than the H and HO groups. Among the cactaceae studied, Pereskia grandifolia showed better effects on morphometric and adipose tissue parameters. ABSTRACT flour Control, Control , (Control) Hypercaloric diet, diet) 5 flour, flour) ficusindica ficus indica . glycemia HepatoSomatic Hepato Somatic evaluated (VFI (EFI determined level gain diets studied (Control

Abstract Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a leading cause of significant economic losses in the livestock industry, and tick populations have developed multiple forms of resistance to acaricides; therefore, the potential of novel natural bioactive compounds that are effective for targeting ticks must be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal and anticholinesterase activities of R. aculeata seeds and to identify naturally occurring compounds that potentially inhibit anticholinesterase through in silico docking. The acaricidal activity of the extract of R. aculeata seeds against larval and adult R. microplus ticks was assessed through immersion tests. Inhibition of anticholinesterase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Extracts of R. aculeata seeds showed activity against larvae and engorged females of R. microplus, and a reduction in the reproductive index were also observed. Rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and epicatechin exhibited noteworthy interactions with the active site residues of RmAChE. These findings could significantly contribute to the exploration of novel natural products that can potentially inhibit RmAChE and could be used in the development of new acaricides for tick control. Boophilus (Boophilus industry therefore addressed R docking tests spectrophotometrically observed Rutin acid quercetin control

Resumo Rhipicephalus microplus é uma das principais causas de significativas perdas econômicas na indústria pecuária, e as populações de carrapatos desenvolveram diversas formas de resistência a acaricidas. Portanto, é necessário abordar o potencial de novos compostos bioativos naturais eficazes no combate aos carrapatos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atividades acaricida e anticolinesterase das sementes de R. aculeata e identificar compostos naturalmente ocorrentes que possam inibir a anticolinesterase por meio de docking in silico. A atividade acaricida do extrato de sementes de R. aculeata contra larvas e fêmeas adultas de R. microplus foi avaliada por meio de testes de imersão. A inibição da atividade anticolinesterase foi medida espectrofotometricamente. Extratos de sementes de R. aculeata apresentaram atividade contra larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus, sendo observada também uma redução no índice reprodutivo. Rutina, ácido clorogênico, quercetina e epicatequina mostraram interações notáveis com os resíduos do sítio ativo de RmAChE. Esses resultados podem contribuir significativamente para a exploração de novos produtos naturais que potencialmente inibem RmAChE e poderiam ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de novos acaricidas para o controle de carrapatos. pecuária Portanto R silico imersão espectrofotometricamente reprodutivo Rutina clorogênico

Abstract In low and middle-income countries such as Brazil, most maternal deaths are related to hypertensive complications. Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Significant proportion is associated with the following factors: lack of identification of high-risk women, lack of adequate prevention, difficulty in maintaining a high-risk prenatal follow-up, delayed diagnosis, insecurity and low use of magnesium sulphate, delayed pregnancy interruption and lack of postpartum follow-up of these high-risk cases. Four major actions are proposed to minimize this alarming clinical picture and reduce the mortality rates due to preeclampsia, called the "4 P Rule" (Adequate Prevention – Vigilant Prenatal Care – Timely Delivery (Parturition) – Safe Postpartum). From this simple "rule" we can open a range of important processes and reminders that may help in the guidance of preeclampsia management. middleincome middle income Brazil complications morbidity factors highrisk high risk women prevention followup, followup follow up, up diagnosis sulphate cases 4 " Rule Adequate Parturition (Parturition Postpartum. Postpartum . Postpartum) rule "rule management

Resumen Introducción: existe una amplia variedad de fórmulas o preparados de nutrición enteral y fórmulas o preparados infantiles. La consulta de información relacionada debe hacerse en las herramientas propias de cada laboratorio, lo que dificulta la visión crítica y la comparativa entre las mismas. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de NEmecum como la primera web que permite realizar una búsqueda dirigida e independiente de fórmulas de nutrición o preparados infantiles, analizar el abanico nutricional actual en España y evaluar los datos de uso de la herramienta. Métodos: se desarrolló la estructura de una base de datos que unifica los parámetros de todas las fórmulas y se analizó el abanico nutricional español. Posteriormente, se seleccionaron los principales algoritmos de búsqueda dirigida y se codificó la herramienta digital. Se llevó a cabo una intensa difusión y se evaluó el impacto obtenido. Se analizaron el perfil de usuarios y centros registrados y los datos de uso de la herramienta y se evaluó su usabilidad mediante el cuestionario System Usability Scale (SUS). Resultados: se obtuvo una web responsive de acceso gratuito (http://nemecum.com) que permite realizar búsquedas dirigidas en base a unos filtros de búsqueda preestablecidos. La herramienta permitió analizar detalladamente el abanico nutricional en España, observándose la gran variedad de fórmulas disponibles de similares características. La campaña de difusión consiguió incrementar su uso de forma exponencial y cuenta actualmente con 1.370 usuarios y 79 centros registrados. La usabilidad fue valorada como excelente. Conclusión: el desarrollo de NEmecum supone una herramienta valiosa en la búsqueda y consulta de datos de fórmulas o preparados de nutrición enteral y fórmulas o preparados infantiles.

Abstract Introduction: there is a wide variety of enteral nutrition and infant formulas preparations. When there is a need to find infomation on a product, only the infomation from industy is available. Comparison amomg products becomes then ardous. Objective: to describe the development of NEmecum as the first website that allows a directed and independent search for enteral nutrition products and infant formulas, currently available in Spain, and to evaluate the initial use of NEmecum. Methods: the structure of a database that unifies the parameters of all formulas was developed, and the nutritional composition of all formulas was analyzed. Subsequently, the main search algorithms were selected and the digital tool was codified. Intensive dissemination was performed and the impact was evaluated. The profile of users and registered centers and the use of the tool were analyzed, and its usability was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. Results: a free-access responsive website (http://nemecum.com) that allows searches based on pre-established search filters was obtained. This tool allows for a detailed analysis available formulas in Spain by observing a wide variety of formulas with similar characteristics. The dissemination campaign managed to increase its use exponentially, currently reaching 1,370 users and 79 registered centers. Usability was rated as excellent. Conclusion: the development of the NEmecum represents a valuable tool in the search and consultation of the characteristics of enteral nutrition formulas and infant preparations.

Abstract Introduction: Sorafenib was the first therapy used for sys-temic treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multiple prognosis factors associated with sorafenib therapy have been described. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate survival and time to progression (TTP) on HCC patients treated with sorafenib, and check for predictive factors of sorafenib benefit. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, data from all HCC patients treated with sorafenib in a Liver Unit from 2008 to 2018 were collected and analyzed. Results: Sixty-eight patients were included; 80.9% were male, the median age was 64.5 years, 57.4% had Child-Pugh A cirrhosis and 77.9% were BCLC stage C. Macro-vascular invasion (MVI) was present in 25% of the patients and 25% of the subjects had other extrahepatic metastasis. The median survival was 10 months (IQR 6.0-14.8) and median TTP was 5 months (IQR 2.0-7.0). Survival and TTP were similar between Child-Pugh A and B patients: 11.0 months (IQR 6.0-18.0) for Child-Pugh A and 9.0 months (IQR 5.0-14.0) for Child-Pugh B (p = 0.336). In univariate analysis, larger lesion size (LS >5 cm), higher alpha-fetoprotein (AFP >50 ng/mL), and no history of locoregional therapy were statistically associated with mortality (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.24-3.81; HR 3.49, 95% CI 1.90-6.42; HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.93, respectively), but only LS and AFP were independent predictive factors, as shown in multivariate analysis (LS: HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.10-3.96; AFP: HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.59-6.16). MVI and LS >5 cm were associated with TTP shorter than 5 months in univariate analysis (MVI: HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.47-5.35; LS: HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.08-4.11), but only MVI was an independent predictive factor of TTP shorter than 5 months (HR 3.42, 95% CI 1.72-6.81). Regarding safety data, 76.5% of patients reported at least one side effect (any grade), and 19.1% presented grade III-IV adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation. Conclusions: We observed no significant difference in survival or TTP in Child-Pugh A or Child-Pugh B patients treated with sorafenib, as compared to more recent real-life studies. Lower primary LS and AFP were associated with a better out-come, and lower AFP was the main predictor of survival. The reality of systemic treatment for advanced HCC has recently changed and continues to evolve, but sorafenib remains a viable therapeutic option.

Resumo Introdução: O sorafenib foi o primeiro fármaco usado em primeira linha na terapêutica sistémica do carcinoma he-patocelular (CHC) em estadio avançado. Têm sido descritos múltiplos factores modificadores de prognóstico associados à sua utilização. Objectivos: Caracterizar um grupo de doentes com CHC que realizaram terapêutica com sorafenib, estudar a sobrevivência e o tempo até progressão (TAP), e avaliar os factores preditores de benefício. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com recol-ha e análise dos dados relativos a todos os doentes com CHC tratados com sorafenib numa Unidade de Hepatologia, entre 2008 e 2018. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo sessenta e oito doentes; 80.9% do sexo masculino, com mediana de idades de 64.5 anos, 57.4% tinham cirrose em estadio A de Child-Pugh e 77.9% apresentavam CHC em estadio C do Barcelona Clínic Liver Cancer (BCLC). A invasão macrovascular (IMV) estava presente em 25% dos doentes, e também 25% dos doentes tinha metastização extra-hepática (que não a IMV). A mediana de sobrevivência foi de 10 meses (IQR 6.0-14.8) e a mediana de TAP foi de 5 meses (IQR 2.0-7.0). A sobrevivência e o TAP foram similares nos doentes Child-Pugh A e B: 11.0 meses (IQR 6.0-18.0) para Child-Pugh A e 9.0 meses (IQR 5.0-14.0) para Child-Pugh B (p = 0.336). Na análise univariada, o tamanho da lesão >5 cm (TL), alfa-fetoproteína > 50 ng/mL (AFP) e a ausência de terapêuticas locorregionais prévias (TLP) tiveram relação estatisticamente significativa com a mortalidade (TL: HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.24-3.81; AFP: HR 3.49, 95% CI 1.90-6.42; TLP: HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.93), mas apenas o TL e AFP foram fatores preditores independentes, como mostrou a análise multivariada (TL: HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.10-3.96; AFP: HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.59-6.16). A IMV e o TL >5 cm estiveram associados com o TAP <5 meses na análise univariada (IMV: HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.47-5.35; TL: HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.08-4.11), mas apenas a IMV foi um fator preditor independente de TAP <5 meses (HR 3.42, 95% CI 1.72-6.81). Relativamente aos dados de segurança, 76.5% dos doentes relataram pelo menos um efeito lateral (qualquer grau), e 19.1% apresentaram efeitos adversos de grau III-IV, que levaram à suspensão do fármaco. Conclusões: Não foi observada diferença significativa na sobrevivência ou no tempo até progressão nos doentes Child-Pugh A ou Child-Pugh B tratados com sorafenib, quando comparado com estudos real-life recentes. Menor TL e AFP estiveram associados a melhor outcome e um valor de AFP baixo mostrou-se o principal preditor de sobrevivência. A realidade da terapêutica sistémica para o CHC avançado alterou-se recentemente e continua em mudança, mas o sorafenib permanece uma alternativa terapêutica viável.

Resumen Antecedentes: En la mayoría de los análisis morfométricos y alométricos se ignora el grado de variación atribuible a causas no biológicas, los efectos de esta variación en los análisis estadísticos posteriores se desconocen. No está claro si la conservación de la muestra induce una variación sustancial en la forma y si dicha variación afecta la inferencia estadística posterior. En los estudios osteológicos, los peces se preparan rutinariamente utilizando un procedimiento conocido comúnmente como transparentación-tinción. Sin embargo, las muestras se miden con frecuencia después de este procedimiento. En diversos estudios se ha determinado que la fijación de peces produce deformación, con disminución del tamaño, pero no se ha evaluado el efecto del proceso de transparentación-tinción en el análisis morfométrico y alométrico. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del proceso de transparentación-tinción en la cuantificación de la variación morfológica a partir de análisis morfométricos. Métodos: Se utilizaron 33 especímenes de la especie Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766), previamente fijados en formol al 10%, se midieron antes y después de ser transparentados y teñidos con rojo de alizarina “S”. Se llevaron a cabo tres análisis: análisis morfométrico, análisis de deformación y análisis alométrico. Para el reporte solo se tomaron en cuenta los parámetros estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: Se encontró que el procedimiento afectó el 90% de los índices morfométricos, así como el 90.9% de las medidas morfométricas, donde el 54.5% disminuyó y el 36.4% aumentó. Con respecto al análisis alométrico se obtuvo que el 80% de las relaciones longitud-longitud son iguales. Conclusiones: El proceso de transparentación-tinción influye en la variación morfológica de C. chrysurus y está determinada a partir del análisis de las variables morfométricas usando métodos morfométricos y alométricos.

Abstract Background: In morphometric and allometric analysis, the degree of variation attributable to non-biological causes is ignored. The effects of this variation on subsequent statistical analyzes are unknown. It is unclear whether sample conservation induces substantial variation in shape and whether such variation affects subsequent statistical inference and interpretation. Therefore, in fish skeletal studies, fish are routinely prepared for osteological studies using a common procedure known as clearing and staining, but clearing samples are frequently measured after this process. In various studies it has been determined that the fixation of fishes produces deformation, with a decrease in the size, but the effect has not been evaluated process of clearing-staining on the morphometric and allometric analysis. Objective: Determine the effect of the clearing and staining process on the morphometric and allometric analyses. Methods: Thirty-three specimens of the species Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766) previously fixed within 10% formalin. These were measured before and after the clearing process and alizarin red S staining. Three shape analyzes were applied: morphometric analysis, deformation analysis and allometric analysis. Only the statistically significant results were used. Results: It was found that the procedure affected 90% of the morphometric indices, as well as 90.9% of the morphometric measurements, where 54.5% decreased and 36.4% increased. With respect to the allometric analysis, 80% of the length-length relationships remain the same. Conclusions: The clearing and staining process affects C. chrysurus’s morphological variation, determined by the morphometric analysis variables using morphometric and allometric methods.

Abstract Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the right atrium without invasion of the inferior vena cava is a very rare and difficult diagnosis, especially when the primary tumour is yet to be known. A 68-year-old man with symptoms of heart failure was admitted to the emergency department; his transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mass comprehending almost the totality of the right atrium, obliterating its entrance nearly completely and impeding the normal auricular-ventricular flux, described as a possible auricular myxoma. The patient was promptly transferred to cardiothoracic surgery and submitted to an urgent surgery to completely remove the mass, which was macroscopically described as suspected of malignancy. Further investigation demonstrated a single nodule in the liver with malignant imging characteristics, and the histology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic HCC of the right atrium, without metastatic disease elsewhere. He was then submitted to radiofrequency ablation and medicated with sorafenib. The disease progressed slowly but subsequently involved the inferior vena cava and portal vein, culminating in his death 4 years and 3 months after the diagnosis. Although the prognosis for metastatic HCC may be poor, especially with intracavitary heart metastasis, this case shows that an aggressive initial approach with surgical metastasectomy may prolong the median survival of the patients.

Resumo A metastização intracardíaca de um carcinoma hepatocelular sem invasão da veia cava inferior é um diagnóstico raro e difícil, especialmente quando o tumor primário não foi ainda diagnosticado. Um homem de 68 anos foi admitido no Serviço de Urgência com sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca aguda. O ecocardiograma transtorácico mostrou uma massa que atingia quase a totalidade da aurícula direita, praticamente obliterando a sua entrada e impedindo o normal fluxo auriculoventricular, descrita como possível mixoma auricular. O doente foi imediatamente transferido para cirurgia cardiotorácica e submetido a cirurgia urgente para resseção da massa que foi macroscopicamente descrita como suspeita de malignidade. A investigação subsequente demonstrou um nódulo isolado hepático com características imagiológicas de malignidade, e a histologia da massa auricular confirmou o diagnóstico de metastização auricular de carcinoma hepatocelular. O doente foi posteriormente submetido a ablação por radiofrequência e medicado com sorafenib, com progressão lenta mas contínua da doença e subsequente atingimento metastático da veia cava inferior e veia porta, que culminou na sua morte quatro anos e três meses após o diagnóstico. Apesar do prognóstico ser reservado para o carcinoma hepatocelular metastático, especialmente na presença de metástases intracardíacas, este caso clínico mostra que uma abordagem inicial mais agressiva com metastasectomia pode prolongar a sobre-vida média dos doentes.

ABSTRACT Background Reduced or null expression of E-cadherin protein is a frequent cause of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). More than 50% of patients with DGC present somatic variants in CDH1 gene. Objectives The objectives of this study were to study E-cadherin expression and identify variants in the CDH1 gene in gastric tumors of patients with DGC. Methods We studied 18 Mexican DGC patients who attended a hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute; E-cadherin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and variants were identified by Sanger sequencing in promoter and coding regions. Predictive analysis was performed using PolyPhen-2 and HOPE software. Results We found that 56% of DGC patients showed reduced expression of E-cadherin. All patients carried CDH1 variants; overall, 12 different CDH1 variants were identified. Predictive analysis revealed that the rs114265540 variant was probably damaging, with a value of 0.985, indicating a functional impact on the E-cadherin protein. Variants rs34939176 and rs33964119 were identified as risk factors for DGC (odds' ratios [OR] = 31.3, 95% CI 6.3-154.0, p < 0.001; OR = 6.1, 95% CI 2.0-19.0, p < 0.001, respectively) given their elevated frequency and by comparing it with those reported for MXL population in the 1000 Genomes Project database. Conclusions In this Mexican population, the percentage of diffuse gastric tumors with reduced expression of E-cadherin was similar to that reported in other populations. All gastric tumors of DGC patients studied had somatic CDH1 gene variants; however, the rs114265540, rs34939176, and rs33964119 variants were importantly related to DGC.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of repeated pregnancy in adolescence and its association with early marriage and education level. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted by searching the Live Births Data System. The study included all adolescents in the age group 10–19 years with live births from 2015 to 2019 (n=2,405,248), divided into three groups: G1: primiparas; G2: with 1 previous pregnancy; and G3: with two or more previous pregnancies. RESULTS: Total repeated pregnancies remained stable, along the years. In the age group 10–14 years, the decrease in the period was from 5.0 to 4.7%, whereas in the age group 15–19 years, it was from 27.8 to 27.3%. Being married or in a stable union increases by 96% the chance of repeated pregnancy in the age group 10–14 years (p<0.001; OR=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–2.09). In the age group 15–19 years, the chance of repeated pregnancy among the married or in stable union increased 40% (p<0.001; OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.39–1.41)). Girls aged 10–14 years with an education level of<8 years had a 64% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=1.64; 95%CI 1.53–1.75), and among those aged 15–19 years, there was a 137% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=2.37; 95%CI 2.35–2.38). CONCLUSION: Repeated pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil remains very high over the years. There is an association between low education level and early marriage with repeated pregnancies in adolescence. OBJECTIVE METHODS crosssectional cross sectional System 1019 10 19 10–1 201 n=2,405,248, n2405248 n n=2,405,248 , 2 405 248 (n=2,405,248) groups G1 G primiparas G2 G3 RESULTS 1014 14 50 5 0 5. 47 4 7 4.7% 1519 15 15–1 278 27 8 27. 273 3 27.3% 96 p<0.001 p0001 p 001 (p<0.001 OR=1.96 OR196 OR 95 CI [CI 1.85–2.09. 185209 1.85–2.09 . 85 09 1.85–2.09) 40 OR=1.40 OR140 95CI 1.39–1.41. 139141 1.39–1.41 39 41 1.39–1.41)) of8 of< 64 OR=1.64 OR164 1.53–1.75, 153175 1.53–1.75 53 75 1.53–1.75) 137 OR=2.37 OR237 37 2.35–2.38. 235238 2.35–2.38 35 38 2.35–2.38) CONCLUSION 101 10– 20 n240524 n=2,405,24 24 (n=2,405,248 4.7 151 15– 27.3 9 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 OR=1.9 OR19 18520 1.85–2.0 OR=1.4 OR14 13914 1.39–1.4 1.39–1.41) 6 OR=1.6 OR16 15317 1.53–1.7 13 OR=2.3 OR23 23523 2.35–2.3 n24052 n=2,405,2 (n=2,405,24 4. p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 OR=1. OR1 1852 1.85–2. 1391 1.39–1. 1531 1.53–1. OR=2. OR2 2352 2.35–2. n2405 n=2,405, (n=2,405,2 p<0. p0 (p<0. OR=1 185 1.85–2 139 1.39–1 153 1.53–1 OR=2 235 2.35–2 n240 n=2,405 (n=2,405, p<0 (p<0 OR= 18 1.85– 1.39– 1.53– 23 2.35– n24 n=2,40 (n=2,405 p< (p< 1.85 1.39 1.53 2.35 n2 n=2,4 (n=2,40 (p 1.8 1.3 1.5 2.3 n=2, (n=2,4 1. 2. n=2 (n=2, n= (n=2 (n= (n

Resumo O desenvolvimento formativo das competências genéricas é necessário em qualquer área. Nesse sentido, são cada vez mais promovidas na educação e mais demandadas nas empresas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e validar as pontuações de um instrumento de medição de competências genéricas básicas; para isso, uma vez definido o construto de competências genéricas, foram identificadas as dimensões subjacentes, subdimensões e indicadores e desenvolvidos os itens. A versão final do questionário foi aplicada a uma amostra de 547 estudantes universitários do primeiro ano da Comunidade de Madrid; as análises indicam que as pontuações do questionário são confiáveis e válidas, e apoiam o modelo teórico. Os resultados mostram um questionário adequado para medir o nível de desenvolvimento de competências genéricas básicas e avaliar a formação ministrada nesta disciplina.

Abstract The formative development of generic skills is necessary in any field, and accordingly, these skills are becoming increasingly supported in education and sought after by businesses. The objective of this article is to present and validate the scores of an instrument used to measure basic generic skills. This was achieved by first defining the construct of generic skills and then identifying the underlying dimensions, subdimensions, and indicators, and preparing the items. The final version of the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 547 freshman college students in the Community of Madrid. The analyses indicate that the scores of the questionnaire are reliable and valid, and support the theoretical model. The findings show an adequate questionnaire that can be used to measure the development of basic generic skills and assess education provided in this respect.

Resumen El desarrollo formativo de las competencias genéricas es necesario en cualquier ámbito. En este sentido, son cada vez más promovidas en la educación y más demandadas por las empresas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar y validar las puntuaciones de un instrumento de medición sobre competencias genéricas básicas; para ello, definido el constructo de competencias genéricas, se identificaron las dimensiones subyacentes, subdimensiones e indicadores, y se elaboraron los ítems. La versión final del cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 547 alumnos de primer año de universidad de la Comunidad de Madrid; los análisis indican que las puntuaciones del cuestionario son fiables y válidas, y apoyan el modelo teórico. Los resultados muestran un cuestionario adecuado para medir el nivel de desarrollo de las competencias genéricas básicas y para valorar la formación impartida en esta materia.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la inclusión de vainas de mezquite (Prosopis laevigata) en la dieta sobre las variables productivas y la digestibilidad in vivo en conejos en crecimiento. Se llevó a cabo una prueba de comportamiento animal utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con 36 conejos al destete, hembras asignadas a una de tres dietas-tratamiento con diferente concentración de vaina de mezquite molida (VMM): T1 (dieta sin VMM), T2 (dieta con 15% de VMM) y T3 (dieta con 30% de VMM). Se midió el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia y rendimiento de la canal; además, se determinó la digestibilidad in vivo de las dietas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en la ganancia diaria de peso, consumo de alimento, rendimiento en canal y digestibilidad entre T1 y T3. La conversión alimenticia no mostró diferencias entre tratamientos (p > 0.05). La vaina de mezquite aporta un contenido nutricional adecuado en dietas de conejos al 15% sin afectar las variables productivas y digestibilidad de la materia seca.

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects on productive variables and in vivo digestibility of the inclusion of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pods in diets for growing rabbits. A production trial was carried out using thirty-six weaned-female rabbits in a completely randomized design assigned to one of three treatment diets containing different concentrations of ground mesquite pods (VMM): T1 (Diet without VMM), T2 (Diet 15% VMM), and T3 (Diet 30% VMM). Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield, and in vivo digestibility of the diets were measured. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in daily weight gain, feed intake, carcass yield and dry matter digestibility between T1 and T3. Feed conversion ratio did not show significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). Mesquite pods provide an adequate nutritional content to rabbit diets, and when used at 15%, they do not affect the productive variables and digestibility.