ABSTRACT Chronic renal disease constitutes a health problem due to its impact on individuals, society and economy. Taking into account the above-mentioned, and after a wide literature search, a clinical practice guide was designed in Luis Augusto Turcios Lima Polyclinic from Pinar del Río province, directed to primary health care professionals, aimed at improving the life quality of children and adolescents with this disease. It was elaborated by medicine methods based on the evidence, according to the consent and opinion of experts. It was possible to generalize this tool, give recommendations and up to date according to the new medical evidences. Finally, it was evaluated by experts as very recommended.

RESUMEN La enfermedad renal crónica constituye un problema de salud por su impacto sobre los individuos, la sociedad y la economía. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, y luego de una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, se diseñó una guía de práctica clínica en el Policlínico Luis Augusto Turcios Lima de la provincia de Pinar del Río, dirigida a los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con dicha enfermedad. Esta fue elaborada por los métodos de la medicina basada en la evidencia, según el consenso y la opinión de los expertos. Se logró generalizar esta herramienta, emitir recomendaciones y actualizarla acorde con las nuevas evidencias médicas. Finalmente, resultó evaluada por los expertos como muy recomendada.

ABSTRACT The Moodle platform offers higher education and especially the teaching-learning process of the Agrarian Law subject, many possibilities for communication and exchange between the subjects of that process itself. In the research carried out, deficiencies were detected regarding the aforementioned process, since the integrated articulation of Information and Communication Technologies and especially the Moodle platform to carry out independent work guided by the teacher is still insufficient, in addition there is lack of knowledge by teachers and students of the potential that this tool can offer. The objective of this article is to propose a teaching strategy to carry out independent work using the Moodle platform. The methods used were analysis and synthesis, historical-logical, document analysis, observation, survey and interview. The final result of this article is a didactic strategy for the teaching-learning process of Agrarian Law. It can be concluded that the planned and directed use of the Moodle platform in the teaching-learning process of Agrarian Law contributes to the achievement of the student's independent work efficiently.

RESUMEN La plataforma Moodle, ofrece a la educación superior y en especial al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Derecho Agrario, muchas posibilidades de comunicación e intercambio entre los sujetos de ese propio proceso. En la investigación realizada fueron detectadas carencias en torno al proceso antes mencionado, pues es aún insuficiente la articulación integrada de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y en especial la plataforma Moodle a la realización del trabajo independiente orientado por el profesor, además existe desconocimiento por parte de profesores y estudiantes de las potencialidades que esta herramienta puede ofrecer. El objetivo de este artículo, es proponer una estrategia didáctica para realizar el trabajo independiente mediante la plataforma Moodle. Los métodos empleados fueron análisis y síntesis, histórico-lógico, análisis de documentos, observación, encuesta y entrevista. El resultado final de este artículo, es una estrategia didáctica para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del Derecho Agrario. Se puede concluir que el uso planificado y dirigido de la plataforma Moodle en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del Derecho Agrario, contribuye a la realización del trabajo independiente del estudiante con eficiencia.

RESUMO A plataforma Moodle oferece ao ensino superior e principalmente ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina de Direito Agrário, muitas possibilidades de comunicação e intercâmbio entre os sujeitos desse próprio processo. Na pesquisa realizada foram detectadas deficiências quanto ao referido processo, uma vez que a articulação integrada das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e principalmente da plataforma Moodle para a realização de um trabalho independente orientado pelo professor ainda é insuficiente, além disso há falta de conhecimento por parte dos professores e estudantes do potencial que esta ferramenta pode oferecer. O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma estratégia de ensino para a realização de trabalhos independentes utilizando a plataforma Moodle. Os métodos utilizados foram análise e síntese, histórico-lógico, análise documental, observação, levantamento e entrevista. O resultado final deste artigo é uma estratégia didática para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Direito Agrário. Pode-se concluir que a utilização planejada e direcionada da plataforma Moodle no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Direito Agrário contribui para a realização eficiente do trabalho independente do aluno.

Resumen El construir y brindar un modelo de explicación e inserción de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación es necesario en la actualidad, dado que son elementos que no se encuentran aislados uno del otro. El modelo se conforma por Datos Generales, Habilidades Tecnológicas, Uso de Instagram, de WhatsApp, Relaciones y Redes Sociales, Narcisismo y Ansiedad. Se llevó a cabo una metodología cuantitativa a través de pruebas de Alfa de Cronbach, Esfericidad de Bartlett y Kaiser Meyer y Olkin (KMO) y el Índice de Comunalidades del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, con el propósito de confirmar la consistencia de los ítems que conforman el Modelo Estadístico. Se concluye, a través del método cuantitativo, que es satisfactoria la coherencia de los ítems y que la propuesta de modelo con las secciones que se indican es viable.

Abstract Building and providing a Model of Explanation and Insertion of Information Technologies, Communication, Knowledge and Digital Learning and Social Networks is necessary today. Since they are elements that are not isolated from each other. The model is made up of General Data, Technological Skills, Use of Instagram, WhatsApp, Relationships and Social Networks, Narcissism and Anxiety. A quantitative methodology was carried out through Cronbach's Alpha tests, Bartlett's Sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Communalities Index, with the purpose of confirming the consistency of the items that constitute the Statistical Model. It is concluded through the quantitative method that the coherence of the items is satisfactory and that the Model proposal with the indicated sections is viable.

Resumo Construir e fornecer um modelo para a explicação e inserção das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação é necessário atualmente, pois são elementos que não estão isolados entre si. O modelo é composto por Dados Gerais, Habilidades Tecnológicas, Uso do Instagram, WhatsApp, Relacionamento e Redes Sociais, Narcisismo e Ansiedade. Foi realizada metodologia quantitativa por meio dos testes Alfa de Cronbach, Esfericidade de Bartlett e Kaiser Meyer e Olkin (KMO) e Índice de Comunalidades da Análise Fatorial Exploratória, com o objetivo de confirmar a consistência dos itens que compõem a análise. Conclui-se, pelo método quantitativo, que a coerência dos itens é satisfatória e que o modelo proposto com as seções indicadas é viável.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar as propriedades psicométricas dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) para a população adulta brasileira. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com base nas diretrizes Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments - COSMIN (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO CRD42022300018). Os estudos foram obtidos por meio de buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde - BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Embase. A busca foi realizada em dezembro de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos que relatavam a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos (QVRSB) para o português (Brasil) e que avaliavam as propriedades psicométricas de mensuração de instrumentos (QVRSB) em pacientes adultos. Foram excluídos aqueles sobre o desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento e com participantes menores de 18 anos. Foram coletadas informações sobre país, tipo de instrumento validado, testes psicométricos e processo de adaptação. A certeza da evidência foi avaliada usando GRADE. Resultados: A pesquisa retornou 6556 artigos, e 14 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Dois estudos não relataram o processo de adaptação transcultural. A validade de conteúdo, consistência interna, validade de critério, validade de constructo, confiabilidade, validade discriminante geral, valor alfa de Cronbach e valor geral do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram confirmadas em 12 estudos. O alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,69 a 0,96. A certeza da evidência foi considerada moderada e baixa. Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas limitações, como falta de informação em alguns estudos revisados; indisponibilidade de instrumentos brasileiros; ausência de validação longitudinal de alguns instrumentos. Conclusões: Em conclusão, existem 14 instrumentos de QVRSB adaptados para adultos brasileiros que podem ser utilizados com cautela por pesquisadores e clínicos, uma vez que apresentam moderada a baixa certeza de evidência.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to review the psychometric properties of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires for the Brazilian adult population. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the COSMIN guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022300018). The studies were obtained through electronic searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, VHL (BIREME), SciELO, and Embase databases. Results: The search was performed in December 2022. Articles on OHRQoL that reported the cross-cultural adaptation of instruments into Portuguese (Brazil) and evaluated the psychometric properties of measuring instruments in adult patients were included. Those about the development of a novel instrument and participants under 18 years of age were excluded. Information was collected on the country, type of instrument validated, psychometric tests, and adaptation process. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro program. The search returned 6,556 articles, and 14 were considered for this review. However, two studies did not report the cross-cultural adaptation process. Content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, general discriminant validity, Cronbach’s alpha value, and general intraclass correlation coefficient value were confirmed in 12 studies. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.96. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate and low. This study has some limitations, such as the lack of information in some reviewed studies, the unavailability of Brazilian instruments, and absence of longitudinal validation of some instruments. Conclusions: In conclusion, there are 14 OHRQoL instruments adapted for Brazilian adults that can be used with caution by researchers and clinicians, since they presented moderate to low certainty of the evidence.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess whether mothers’ sense of coherence (SOC) was a predictor of decline in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschoolers. A 3-year cohort study was conducted in Diamantina, Brazil. At baseline, 162 preschoolers aged one to three years were randomly selected from among children registered in local Primary Healthcare Units. In the first stage, mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS), and the Brazilian short version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). The total score obtained from the SOC-13 was used to select exposed and unexposed children. Clinical examinations were performed to detect the presence of dental caries, traumatic dental injury, and malocclusion. At follow-up, mothers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire and the B-ECOHIS again. The incidence of severe dental caries and adherence to the proposed treatment at baseline were evaluated. A decline in OHRQoL was considered if there was an increase in the B-ECOHIS score of at least one unit. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed. A total of 151 preschoolers participated in the study, among whom 37.7% showed a decline in OHRQoL. Mothers’ SOC was not associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL (RR = 1.24; 95%CI = 0.81–1.88), while the incidence of severe dental caries had a greater impact on the decline in OHRQoL (RR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.29–3.16). Mothers’ low SOC was not a predictor of decline in the OHRQoL of preschoolers after a 3-year follow-up period. (SOC healthrelated health related (OHRQoL 3year year 3 Diamantina Brazil 16 Units stage BECOHIS, BECOHIS B ECOHIS , (B-ECOHIS) SOC13. SOC13 13 . (SOC-13) SOC-1 injury malocclusion followup, followup follow up, up again evaluated unit chisquare chi square 15 377 37 7 37.7 Mothers RR 1.24 124 1 24 95CI CI 95 0.81–1.88, 081188 0.81–1.88 0 81 88 0.81–1.88) 2.02 202 2 02 1.29–3.16. 129316 1.29–3.16 29 1.29–3.16) period (B-ECOHIS SOC1 (SOC-13 SOC- 37. 1.2 12 9 08118 0.81–1.8 8 2.0 20 12931 1.29–3.1 (SOC-1 1. 0811 0.81–1. 2. 1293 1.29–3. (SOC- 081 0.81–1 129 1.29–3 08 0.81– 1.29– 0.81 1.29 0.8 0.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to review the psychometric properties of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires for the Brazilian adult population. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the COSMIN guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022300018). The studies were obtained through electronic searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, VHL (BIREME), SciELO, and Embase databases. Results: The search was performed in December 2022. Articles on OHRQoL that reported the cross-cultural adaptation of instruments into Portuguese (Brazil) and evaluated the psychometric properties of measuring instruments in adult patients were included. Those about the development of a novel instrument and participants under 18 years of age were excluded. Information was collected on the country, type of instrument validated, psychometric tests, and adaptation process. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro program. The search returned 6,556 articles, and 14 were considered for this review. However, two studies did not report the cross-cultural adaptation process. Content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, general discriminant validity, Cronbach’s alpha value, and general intraclass correlation coefficient value were confirmed in 12 studies. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.96. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate and low. This study has some limitations, such as the lack of information in some reviewed studies, the unavailability of Brazilian instruments, and absence of longitudinal validation of some instruments. Conclusions: In conclusion, there are 14 OHRQoL instruments adapted for Brazilian adults that can be used with caution by researchers and clinicians, since they presented moderate to low certainty of the evidence. Objective healthrelated health related (OHRQoL population Methods PROSPERO CRD42022300018. CRD42022300018 CRD . CRD42022300018) PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE Science Lilacs BIREME, BIREME , (BIREME) SciELO databases Results 2022 crosscultural cross cultural Brazil (Brazil included 1 excluded country validated tests process program 6556 6 556 6,55 articles However validity consistency reliability Cronbachs Cronbach s 069 0 69 0.6 096 96 0.96 limitations Conclusions conclusion clinicians CRD4202230001 (BIREME 202 655 55 6,5 06 0. 09 9 0.9 CRD420223000 20 65 5 6, CRD42022300 2 CRD4202230 CRD420223 CRD42022 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar as propriedades psicométricas dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) para a população adulta brasileira. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com base nas diretrizes Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments - COSMIN (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO CRD42022300018). Os estudos foram obtidos por meio de buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde - BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Embase. A busca foi realizada em dezembro de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos que relatavam a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos (QVRSB) para o português (Brasil) e que avaliavam as propriedades psicométricas de mensuração de instrumentos (QVRSB) em pacientes adultos. Foram excluídos aqueles sobre o desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento e com participantes menores de 18 anos. Foram coletadas informações sobre país, tipo de instrumento validado, testes psicométricos e processo de adaptação. A certeza da evidência foi avaliada usando GRADE. Resultados: A pesquisa retornou 6556 artigos, e 14 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Dois estudos não relataram o processo de adaptação transcultural. A validade de conteúdo, consistência interna, validade de critério, validade de constructo, confiabilidade, validade discriminante geral, valor alfa de Cronbach e valor geral do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram confirmadas em 12 estudos. O alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,69 a 0,96. A certeza da evidência foi considerada moderada e baixa. Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas limitações, como falta de informação em alguns estudos revisados; indisponibilidade de instrumentos brasileiros; ausência de validação longitudinal de alguns instrumentos. Conclusões: Em conclusão, existem 14 instrumentos de QVRSB adaptados para adultos brasileiros que podem ser utilizados com cautela por pesquisadores e clínicos, uma vez que apresentam moderada a baixa certeza de evidência. Objetivo OHRQoL (OHRQoL brasileira Métodos Consensusbased Consensus based International CRD42022300018. CRD42022300018 CRD . CRD42022300018) PubMed/ PubMed / (PubMed) MEDLINE, MEDLINE , (MEDLINE) Science LatinoAmericana Latino Americana Lilacs, Lilacs (Lilacs) Centro LatinoAmericano Americano BIREME, BIREME BIREME) SciELO (SciELO Embase 2022 (QVRSB Brasil (Brasil 1 anos país validado GRADE Resultados 655 conteúdo interna critério constructo confiabilidade 069 0 69 0,6 096 96 0,96 limitações revisados Conclusões conclusão clínicos CRD4202230001 (PubMed (MEDLINE (Lilacs 202 65 06 6 0, 09 9 0,9 CRD420223000 20 CRD42022300 2 CRD4202230 CRD420223 CRD42022 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets with cottonseed and vitamin E on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters. Animal feces were evaluated in 18 laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters through the following treatments: control, feces from cows fed with a control diet; CS, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed diet; and CSVitE, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed and vitamin E diet. The production of biogas and GHG was measured, and no differences were observed for the emissions of biogas, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The partition of the gross energy of the anaerobic digestion process was similar among treatments. On average, 28% of gross energy fed was released as CH4, 47% during digestion, and 25% as other gases and heat. The addition of cottonseeds to the cattle diet increases the concentration of CH4 and reduces that of CO2, but it does not affect the total production of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the biodigesters. The inclusion of vitamin E in the diet has no effect on GHG production in the biodigesters. (GHG biodigesters 1 laboratoryscale laboratory scale treatments CS CSVitE measured CH , (CH4) N2O. NO . N O (N2O) average 28 47 25 heat CO2 CO (CH4 (N2O 2 4 (CH

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas com caroço de algodão e vitamina E nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) de fezes de bovinos analisadas em biodigestores. As fezes dos animais foram avaliadas em 18 digestores anaeróbios de laboratório, por meio dos seguintes tratamentos: controle, fezes de vacas alimentadas com dieta controle; CS, fezes de vacas alimentadas com caroço de algodão; e CSVitE, fezes de vacas alimentadas com caroço de algodão e vitamina E. As produções de biogás e GEE foram medidas, e não foram observadas diferenças para as emissões de biogás, metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O). A partição da energia bruta do processo de digestão anaeróbica foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. Em média, 28% da energia bruta alimentada foi liberada como CH4, 47% na digestão e 25% como outros gases e calor. A adição de caroços de algodão na dieta de bovinos aumenta a concentração de CH4 e reduz a de CO2, mas não afeta a produção total de CH4, CO2 e N2O nos biodigestores. A inclusão de vitamina E na dieta não tem efeito na produção de GEE nos biodigestores. (GEE biodigestores 1 laboratório tratamentos controle CS CSVitE medidas CH (CH4 N2O. NO . N (N2O) média 28 47 25 calor CO (CH (N2O 2 4

Resumen Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de maculopatía intermedia paracentral aguda asociada a asas vasculares prepapilares de origen venoso. Caso clínico: Mujer de 42 años que acude por presentar un escotoma paracentral inferior del ojo derecho con agudeza visual de 20/25. En la exploración física se observan asas venosas prepapilares. Tanto en los estudios de imagen multimodal como en la tomografía de coherencia óptica se identifica el sitio del área afectada de la mácula, con atrofia focal de la retina a expensas de la capa nuclear interna. Conclusión: La maculopatía intermedia paracentral aguda puede ser secundaria a diversas alteraciones de la vasculatura retiniana. Hasta el conocimiento de los autores, no existen reportes previos que describan la asociación entre una maculopatía intermedia paracentral aguda y asas vasculares prepapilares.

Abstract Objective: To describe a clinical case that associates paracentral acute middle maculopathy and prepapillary vascular loops. Case report: This is a 42-year-old woman presenting a lower paracentral scotoma of the right eye with a visual acuity of 20/25. On physical examination, the presence of prepapillary venous loops is observed. Multimodal imaging studies and optical coherence tomography identify the affected macular area, with focal atrophy of the retina. Conclusion: Paracentral acute middle maculopathy may be secondary to several retinal vascular alterations. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports that describe the association between paracentral acute middle maculopathy and prepapillary vascular loops.

ABSTRACT Background Chronic kidney disease is increasingly recognized as a public health problem, due to the great economic and social impact it generates in the population. Knowledge of aspects related to self-care and risk factors by patients can contribute to a better quality of life for them. Objective to present the results of an educational intervention strategy on chronic kidney disease. Methods a descriptive study was carried out, before and after, in patients with chronic kidney disease from 16 urban clinics (N=60) belonging to the Luis A. Turcios Lima Polyclinic, during 2019. Surveys were applied to patients before and after the intervention, which was aimed at raising the knowledge level about aspects of interest related to the disease. McNemarˈs test at 95% certainty was used to compare the results. Results before the intervention about 70% of the patients did not properly identify the disease; after it, more than 93% of the patients reported having acquired this knowledge. The same happened with risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis, prevention and treatment, with a statistically significant difference in all cases. Conclusion providing education to patients about chronic kidney disease and its treatment options increases their level of knowledge, their ability to understand reason and take actions favorable to their health status.

RESUMEN Fundamento la enfermedad renal crónica se reconoce cada vez más como un problema de salud pública, debido al gran impacto económico y social que genera en la población. El conocimiento de aspectos relacionados con el autocuidado y factores de riesgo por los pacientes puede contribuir a una mejor calidad de vida de estos. Objetivo exponer los resultados de una estrategia de intervención educativa sobre la enfermedad renal crónica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de antes y después, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica de 16 consultorios urbanos (N=60) pertenecientes al Policlínico Luis A. Turcios Lima, durante 2019. Se aplicaron encuestas a los pacientes antes y después de la intervención, la cual estuvo orientada a elevar el nivel de conocimientos acerca de aspectos de interés relacionados con la enfermedad. Se utilizó la prueba de McNemar al 95 % de certeza para comparar los resultados. Resultados antes de la intervención cerca del 70 % de los pacientes no identificaron adecuadamente la enfermedad; luego de ella, más del 93 % de los pacientes refirieron haber adquirido esos conocimientos. Lo mismo sucedió con los factores de riesgo, las manifestaciones clínicas, complicaciones, diagnóstico, la prevención y el tratamiento, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en todos los casos. Conclusión proporcionar educación a los pacientes sobre la enfermedad renal crónica y sus opciones de tratamiento, incrementa su nivel de conocimientos, su capacidad de comprender, razonar y realizar acciones favorables a su estado de salud.

ABSTRACT The article addresses a topical issue related to the significance of the practice for future jurists to achieve in-depth knowledge, such as that required in this profession, which is closely linked to human well-being and the achievement of justice. The necessary link between theory and practice, based on the design of work practice as an organizational form of teaching, from the analytical program of some subjects of the Law Degree career, brings novelty to what is outlined in the content of the research, developed by the authors, and which is summarized in this article. They aim to develop labor practice as a didactic strategy in the teaching and learning process in the Agrarian Law subject of the Law Degree, the method used is analytical-synthetic and the expected results are related to the solution of the most general problems and common in the performance of the legal profession.

RESUMEN El artículo aborda un tema de actualidad relacionado con la significatividad de la práctica para que los futuros juristas alcancen conocimientos profundos, como los que se requieren en esta profesión, la que está muy ligada al bienestar humano y al logro de la justicia. El necesario vínculo de la teoría con la práctica, a partir del diseño de la práctica laboral como forma organizativa de la docencia, desde el programa analítico de algunas asignaturas de la carrera de Licenciatura en Derecho, le aporta novedad a lo esbozado en el contenido de la investigación, desarrollada por los autores, y que se resume en este artículo. Tienen como objetivo desarrollar la práctica laboral como estrategia didáctica en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la asignatura Derecho Agrario de la Licenciatura de Derecho, el método empleado es analítico- sintético y los resultados esperados están relacionados a la solución de los problemas más generales y frecuentes en el desempeño de la profesión del jurista.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this work has been to review the scientific literature regarding the role of regucalcin expression in the liver. Method. A bibliographic search was carried out on the PubMed database. Eighty-nine articles were found. After analyzing their content and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 9 articles were included. Results. It was determined that SMP30 expression is significantly higher in the liver compared to other tissues such as lungs, spleen, myocardium, prostate and skin (P < 0.05). It was observed, after obtaining samples from 137 patients (30 normal liver controls, 10 with hepatitis B, 49 with liver cirrhosis and 48 with hepatocellular carcinoma) that SMP30 expression was 100% in all tissues adjacent to the liver except for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which showed only 81% of protein expression. On serum regucalcin concentrations it was observed, that 3 different groups with different concentrations of SMP30: control group (1.72 ng/ mL), patients with chronic hepatitis (3.76 ng/mL) and patients with liver failure (5.46 ng/ mL) patients with acute liver failure had higher concentrations of SMP30 than patients with hepatitis B (P< 0.01), as well as the serum concentrations of the latter showed to be higher than in healthy patients (P< 0.01). On the proliferation of HepG2 cells it has been shown that the addition of exogenous SMP30 suppresses the elevation of cell numbers, thus revealing that HepG2 cell proliferation was suppressed with the physiological levels of SMP30 present in serum in vitro. Conclusion. Regucalcin could play a key role in survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as its possible role as a protective protein for apoptosis in HepG2 cells.

Resumen Objetivo. El propósito de este trabajo fue revisar la literatura científica con relación al papel de la expresión de la regucalcina (SMP30) en el hígado. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed. Se encontraron 89 artículos. Tras analizar su contenido y aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 9 artículos fueron incluidos. Resultados. Se determinó que la expresión de SMP30 es significativamente mayor en el hígado en comparación con otros tejidos como pulmones, bazo, miocardio, próstata y piel (P < 0.05). Se observó, tras obtener muestras de 137 pacientes (30 controles hepáticos normales, 10 con hepatitis B, 49 con cirrosis hepática y 48 con carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC)) que la expresión de SMP30 fue del 100% en todos los tejidos adyacentes al hígado, a excepción del HCC, que solo mostró el 81% de expresión de SMP30 en el hígado. Sobre las concentraciones séricas de SMP30 se observó que 3 grupos distintos mostraron concentraciones diferentes de SMP30: grupo control (1.72 ng/mL), pacientes con hepatitis crónica (3.76 ng/mL) y pacientes con insuficiencia hepática (5.46 ng/mL), teniendo los pacientes con insuficiencia hepática aguda una concentración significativamente mayor de SMP30 que el resto de grupos (P< 0.01), los pacientes con insuficiencia hepática también presentaron una concentración significativamente mayor que el grupo control de pacientes sanos (P< 0.01). Sobre la proliferación de células HepG2 se ha demostrado que la incorporación de manera exógena de SMP30 suprime la elevación del número de células HepG2, revelando así que la proliferación de las células HepG2 fue suprimida con los niveles fisiológicos de SMP30 presente en suero in vitro. Conclusión. La SMP30podría desempeñar un papel fundamental sobre la supervivencia en pacientes con HCC, así como, su posible funcionamiento como proteína protectora de la apoptosis en células HepG2.

ABSTRACT Background Chronic kidney disease has a high prevalence in Pinar del Río, Cuba, and is one of the main causes of death; so, it is necessary to obtain information of interest that contributes to its knowledge. Objective to determine the risk factors related to chronic kidney disease. Methods a case-control study was carried out, with patients belonging to the Luis A. Turcios Lima Polyclinic 16 doctor's office, in Pinar del Río, from January-December 2019. The selection of participants was carried out randomly 1:2 (30 cases and 60 controls). The statistical analysis was based on a multivariate strategy, the determination of the Odds Ratio, with 95% confidence intervals, and the Chi Square test with a level of statistical significance of P <0.05. Sociodemographic variables, toxic habits, family history of chronic kidney disease and personal pathological history, among others, were analyzed. Results the risk factors identified as having the highest incidence were age over 60 years old, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, personal pathological history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, as well as ischemic heart disease, obstructive uropathies and having relatives with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion The main risk factors were the presence of the disease family history, as well as suffering from high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. Other variables analyzed were also shown as such, but to a lesser extent.

RESUMEN Fundamento La enfermedad renal crónica presenta una prevalencia elevada en Pinar del Río, Cuba, y constituye una de las principales causas de muerte; por ello se requiere obtener información de interés y que contribuya a su conocimiento. Objetivo determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la enfermedad renal crónica. Métodos se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, con pacientes pertenecientes a 16 consultorios del Policlínico Luis A. Turcios Lima, de Pinar del Río, en el periodo enero-diciembre de 2019. La selección de los participantes se realizó de forma aleatoria 1:2 (30 casos y 60 controles). El análisis estadístico se basó en una estrategia multivariada, la determinación del Odds Ratio, con intervalos de confianza al 95 %, y la prueba de Chi Cuadrado con un nivel de significación estadística de P<0,05. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, hábitos tóxicos, antecedentes familiares de enfermedad renal crónica y antecedentes patológicos personales, entre otras. Resultados los factores de riesgo identificados como de mayor incidencia fueron la edad por encima de 60 años, la obesidad, la hipercolesterolemia, los antecedentes patológicos personales de hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus, así como la cardiopatía isquémica, las uropatías obstructivas y tener familiares con enfermedad renal crónica. Conclusión Los principales factores de riesgo fueron la presencia de antecedentes de la enfermedad en la familia, así como padecer hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Otras de las variables analizadas también se mostraron como tal, pero en menor medida.

Abstract: This study evaluated the association between socioeconomic factors and stages of dental caries in children one to five years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 759 children enrolled in preschools in Diamantina, Brazil. The parents/caregivers filled out a form addressing socioeconomic factors. Add to the end of this sentence: and categorized in caries free (code 0 and 1), no obvious decay (code 2 and 3) and obvious decay (code 4, 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of “no obvious decay” was higher among children from families with a larger number of income-dependent individuals (OR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.41–4.31). The higher prevalence of “obvious decay” was associated with the child's age (OR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.16–1.58), attending a public preschool (OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.31–4.34), a larger number of income-dependent individuals (four to five individuals: OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.09–2.74; more than five individuals: OR: 3.41; 95%CI: 1.95–5.94), no access to a dentist (OR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.48-3.09), and lower income (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.19–-2.49). It was concluded that the variable of a larger number of income-dependent individuals was associated with both no obvious decay and obvious decay. Child's age, type of preschool, access to a dentist, and income were associated with obvious decay.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18–2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36–2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04–3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02–1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of unsatisfactory dental restorations on posterior primary teeth and associated factors in school children aged six to ten years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with children randomly selected from public schools in a small Brazilian town. Questionnaires were sent to the guardians addressing socioeconomic and behavioral aspects of the child. Oral examinations were performed at the schools to determine the quality of dental restorations, visible biofilm, and presence of moderate/extensive untreated caries (scores 3-6 ICDAS). This examination was performed by two previously trained and calibrated examiners. Associations were tested using multilevel logistic regression. Among the 400 children evaluated, 98 had restorations (217 teeth). The prevalence of unsatisfactory restorations was 34.6%. Restorations in amalgam were less likely to fail compared to those in glass ionomer cement (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.02–0.49; p = 0.005). Children with moderate/extensive untreated caries were more likely to have unsatisfactory restorations (OR = 6.79; 95%CI: 2.20–20.93; p = 0.001). Children with a visible plaque index ≥ 20% were also more likely to have unsatisfactory restorations (OR = 2.28 95%CI: 1.05–4.92; p = 0.036). The prevalence of unsatisfactory restorations was high. The occurrence of this outcome was associated with restorative material, presence of caries, and visible plaque.