ABSTRACT Compaction caused by mechanization affects soil quality and, consequently, the development of crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different degrees of soil compaction on the physiology, morphology, and anatomy of different coffee cultivars in a controlled environment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with randomized block design in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, with five coffee cultivars (Arara, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Vermelho 144, MGS Paraíso 2 and Mundo Novo IAC 379-19) and five degrees of compaction (68, 74, 80, 86 and 92 %), with four repetitions, totaling 100 experimental units. The following variables were evaluated in the aboveground biomass: plant height, number of leaves, diameter of the orthotropic branch, fresh mass of leaves and stem, leaf area, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a and b index; in the roots: length, surface area, volume, diameter of fine and coarse roots, fresh and dry mass of roots, as well as anatomical characteristics. Results showed that soil with degrees of compaction above 80 % negatively affected the variables evaluated. Catuaí Vermelho 144 presented the worst performance regardless of the degree of compaction, while Arara and MGS Paraíso 2 showed the best performance under the evaluated compaction degrees. Anatomical structure of the roots was modified with soil compaction, and no differences were observed among cultivars.

RESUMO O girassol, do ponto de vista econômico, apresenta viabilidade para a região Nordeste, desde que adotado o manejo adequado de aplicação de água e adubação. Baseado nisso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial produtivo do girassol, variedade BRS 324, sob doses de biofertilizante caprino e lâminas de irrigação, em dois ciclos. O experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, onde foram testadas a aplicação de cinco doses de biofertilizante caprino (0, 300, 600, 900 e 1.200 mL planta-1 semana-1) e cinco lâminas de irrigação (33; 66; 100; 133 e 166% da evaporação medida no tanque Classe "A"), em dois ciclos de cultivo, com três blocos. O 1º ciclo foi conduzido entre novembro/2014 e fevereiro/2015 e o 2º ciclo de agosto/2015 a novembro/2015. A maior produtividade da cultura foi obtida no 1º ciclo (1.220,78 kg ha-1) na dose de biofertilizante 1.200 mL planta-1 semana-1 combinada à lâmina 134,9% da ECA (524,9 mm). No 2º ciclo, a máxima produtividade de 882,07 kg ha-1 foi proporcionada com a maior dose de biofertilizante e a lâmina de irrigação de 166% da ECA (843,0 mm). A aplicação do biofertilizante caprino não alterou o teor de óleo de girassol, todavia, evidencia-se incrementos para esta variável em resposta às lâminas de irrigação. Os teores de proteína se mostram superiores no 2º ciclo de cultivo (14%) respondendo de forma efetiva a combinação da lâmina média de 100% da ECA com a dose 536 mL planta-1 semana-1 de biofertilizante caprino.

ABSTRACT Sunflower can be an economically viable crop in the Northeast region of Brazil depending on the use of appropriate irrigation and fertilization managements. The objective of this work was to evaluate production components of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) of the BRS-324 cultivar subjected to different organic fertilizer rates (goat manure) and irrigation water depths in two crop cycles (November 2014 to February 2015; and August to November 2015). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a split-split-plot arrangement, consisting of five organic fertilizer rates (OFR) (0, 300, 600, 900, and 1.200 mL plant-1 week-1) and five irrigation water depths (IWD) (33; 66; 100; 133, and 166% of the class A tank evaporation), with three blocks. The highest achene yield (1,220.78 kg ha-1) in the first cycle was found using OFR of 1,200 mL plant-1 week-1 and IWD of 134.9% (524.9 mm); and the highest yield (882.07 kg ha-1) in the second crop cycle was found using the highest OFR combined with IWD of 166% (843.0 mm). The use of goat manure as organic fertilizer had no effect on the sunflower oil content; however, this variable was affected by the irrigation water depths used. Protein content was higher in the second crop cycle (14%) when using IWD of 100% and OFR of 536 mL plant-1 week-1.