Abstract Growth and carcass traits are essential selection criteria for beef cattle breeding programs. However, it is necessary to combine these measurements with body composition traits to meet the demand of the consumer market. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters for visual scores, growth (pre and post-weaning weights), and carcass (rib eye area (REA), back and rump fat thickness) traits in Nellore cattle using Bayesian inference. Data from 12,060 animals belonging to the HoRa Hofig Ramos herd were used. Morphological traits were evaluated by the MERCOS methodology. The heritability estimates obtained ranged from low to high magnitude, from 0.15 to 0.28 for visual scores, 0.13 to 0.44 for growth, and from 0.42 to 0.46 for carcass traits. Genetic correlations between visual scores and growth traits were generally of moderate to high magnitudes, however, visual scores showed low correlations with carcass traits, except between sacral bone and structure and REA. Selection for visual score traits can lead to favorable responses in body weight and vice versa, but the same is not true for carcass traits. Morphological categorical traits can be used as complementary tools that add value to selection. programs However market pre postweaning post weaning weights, weights , weights) rib REA, REA (REA) thickness inference 12060 12 060 12,06 methodology magnitude 015 0 15 0.1 028 28 0.2 013 13 044 44 0.4 042 42 046 46 magnitudes however versa (REA 1206 1 06 12,0 01 0. 02 2 04 4 120 12,

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadly type among women. Despite the side effects and the phenomena of chemoresistance associated with the drugs involved, chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic strategy to combat and control breast cancer. Therefore, several new classes of compounds against breast cancer have been explored, in an effort to identify new drug candidates with alternative mechanisms of action. The principal results of such exploration, focusing on caged xanthones, thiosemicarbazones and photosensitizers, are presented in this review, along with the main aspects of the drug discovery process against breast cancer. More specifically, the design, structure-activity relationship investigations and anti-breast cancer properties of these three classes are described and discussed in this work. worldwide women involved Therefore explored action exploration xanthones photosensitizers review specifically design structureactivity structure activity antibreast anti work

ABSTRACT Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a promising energy crop for bioethanol production. This study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic structure on the adaptability and phenotypic stability of sweet sorghum lines and hybrids regarding the main agro-industrial traits, as well as selecting hybrids that associate high ethanol yield and yield stability in different growing environments. A total of 45 genotypes were evaluated in experiments conducted in a 5×9 triple alpha lattice design in three locations in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following traits were measured: fresh matter production, juice extraction percentage, total soluble solids content, tons of Brix per hectare, and ethanol production. Adaptability and phenotypic stability were assessed by the Wricke and Annicchiarico methods. Sweet sorghum adaptability and phenotypic stability depend on genotype genetic structure, with hybrids being more stable than parental lines. Additionally, H2x9 and H3x8 were the most promising hybrids. Sorghum L. L production agroindustrial agro industrial environments 4 59 5 9 5× Gerais Brazil measured percentage content hectare methods Additionally Hx H x H2x H3x

RESUMO O sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) é uma cultura energética promissora para a produção de bioetanol. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da estrutura genética na adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de linhagens e híbridos de sorgo sacarino quanto aos principais caracteres agroindustriais, bem como selecionar híbridos que associem elevado rendimento de etanol e estabilidade produtiva nos ambientes de cultivo testados. Foram avaliados 45 genótipos em experimentos conduzidos no delineamento alfa-látice triplo 5 x 9 em três localidades do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram mensurados os caracteres produção de massa verde, porcentagem de extração de caldo, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, toneladas de brix por hectare e produção de etanol. A adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenotípica foram aferidas pelos métodos de Wricke e Annicchiarico. Observou-se que a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica em sorgo sacarino depende da estrutura genética dos genótipos, no qual os híbridos foram mais estáveis do que as linhagens parentais. Além disso, os híbridos H2x9 e H3x8 foram os mais promissores. Sorghum L. L (L.) bioetanol agroindustriais testados 4 alfalátice alfa látice Gerais Brasil verde caldo totais Annicchiarico Observouse Observou se parentais disso Hx H H2x H3x promissores (L. (L

Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628 Background (FI (PENG Methods Pubmed 2022 (RCTs) 1 age headtohead head vs MeanDifference Mean Difference MD 95 (CI pooled TSA (TSA inconsistency recommendations Results 38 included 19 51% 51 (51% postsurgery post 061 0 61 0.6 mm 112 1.1 0.09 009 09 -0.09 0.02 002 02 6.93 693 93 -6.9 mg 13.60 1360 13 60 -13.6 0.25 025 25 -0.25 0.04 004 04 group However 2 postsurgery, Conclusion postsurgery. registration CRD CRD4202233962 https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php httpswwwcrdyorkacukprosperodisplayrecordphp https //www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php www crd york ac uk prospero display record php https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php RecordID339628 RecordID 339628 RecordID=33962 202 (RCTs 9 3 5 (51 06 0. 11 1. 0.0 00 -0.0 6.9 69 -6. 13.6 136 -13. 0.2 -0.2 CRD420223396 wwwcrdyorkacukprosperodisplayrecordphp RecordID33962 33962 RecordID=3396 20 (5 -0. 6. -6 13. -13 CRD42022339 RecordID3396 3396 RecordID=339 ( -0 - -1 CRD4202233 RecordID339 339 RecordID=33 CRD420223 RecordID33 33 RecordID=3 CRD42022 RecordID3 RecordID= CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Resumen Introducción: El patrón epidemiológico de la hepatitis crónica por virus de la hepatitis B (HCVHB) en España ha cambiado por las migraciones y la vacunación. El objetivo es comprobar si también ha cambiado la prevalencia en presos de Cataluña y las posibles variables predictivas de la infección. Material y método: Estudio transversal y multicéntrico de prevalencia de HCVHB. Se incluyeron variables epidemiológicas y clínicas, calculándose su capacidad predictiva mediante un modelo de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: Se estudiaron 6.508 reclusos. La prevalencia de HCVHB fue del 1,7%, mucho menor que en estudios realizados en años previos. En los presos del Magreb, Asia, Europa del Este y África subsahariana, la prevalencia fue 2,8, 4,2, 4,9 y 16,2 veces mayor, respectivamente, que en los españoles, que era del 0,6%, igual que fuera de prisión. La HCVHB se asoció con: a) ser extranjero (2,6%; razón de posibilidades u odds ratio [OR]: 4,18; intervalo de confianza [IC]: 2,50-6,90; p <0,001); b) no estar vacunado (0,3%; OR: 0,13; IC: 0,06-0,26; p <0,001); y c) estar infectado por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) (3,9%; OR: 3,23; IC: 1,24-8,40; p = 0,016). Conclusión: La prevalencia de HCVHB en presos se ha reducido mucho en los últimos 30 años, debido a la vacunación, pero sigue siendo alta en extranjeros y en infectados por VIH. Se recomienda: a) mantener el cribado de virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) en los ingresados en prisión; b) continuar con el programa de vacunación; y c) derivar a los infectados a programas especializa- dos para estudio y, si se precisa, tratamiento.

Abstract Background: The epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Spain has changed due to migratory movements and the implementation of vaccination programs. The objective is to determine if prevalence has also changed amongst in Catalonia and the potential predictive variables of the infection. Material and method: Observational cross-sectional multi-centre study of CHB prevalence. Epidemiological and clinical variables were included, and their predictive capacity is analysed by means of a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 6508 prisoners were studied. CHB prevalence was 1.7%, much less than in studies carried out in previous years. In inmates from North Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa the CHB rate was 2.8, 4.2, 4.9 and 16.2 times higher, respectively, than amongst those born in Spain, which was 0.6%, the same as in the general population. CHB was associated with: a) being an immigrant [2.6%; OR: 4.18 (CI: 2.50-6.90; P <0.001); b) being unvaccinated (3.1%; OR: 0.13; CI: 0.06-0.26; P <0.001); and c) being infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [3.9%; OR: 3.23; CI: 1.24-8.40; P = 0.016]. Conclusion: Vaccination against HBV (hepatitis B virus) has greatly reduced CHB prevalence in inmates over the past 30 years but remains high in immigrants and those with HIV. We recommend: a) maintaining HBV screening amongst inmates; b) continuing with vaccination programmes; and c) referring CHB cases to specialized programs for further study and treatment if needed.

ABSTRACT Background. The recruitment of branching corals in the eastern Pacific is poorly understood despite being of paramount importance to the dynamics of coral populations. Experimental studies provide a non-destructive means to evaluate recruitment and compare settlement materials. Goals. To study Pocillopora recruitment on PVC and terracotta tiles in Bahía Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo (Mexican Pacific). Methods. We deployed 40 square (10 x 10 x 0.5 cm) experimental (20 PVC and 20 unglazed terracotta) tiles arranged as Calcification/Accretion Units at the Islote Zacatoso reef. Results. We observed two coral recruits at the edges of terracotta tiles, presumably due to light availability, and no recruits on horizontal sides, which may have been due to siltation stress, predation, or biofouling. No recruits were found on PVC tiles. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the coral recruitment is low in the study area and that the terracotta tiles may be a better experimental substrate than PVC tiles to assess pocilloporid coral recruitment in the Mexican Pacific; however, further studies are needed to clarify this assumption.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. El reclutamiento de corales ramificados en el Pacífico oriental tropical está poco documentado, a pesar de la importancia que tiene para entender su dinámica poblacional. Los estudios experimentales proporcionan un medio no destructivo para evaluar el reclutamiento y comparar diferentes materiales. Objetivo. Estudiar el reclutamiento de Pocillopora en placas de PVC y de terracota en Bahía Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, en el Pacífico mexicano. Métodos. Colocamos 40 placas cuadradas (10 x 10 x 0.5 cm), 20 de PVC y 20 de terracota armadas como Unidades de Calcificación/Acreción en el arrecife Islote Zacatoso. Resultados. Observamos dos reclutas de coral en la orilla de las placas de terracota pero ninguno en los lados horizontales, posiblemente debido a la disponibilidad de luz, el estrés por sedimentación, la depredación, o el sobrecrecimiento por biota incrustante. No encontramos reclutas en ninguna de las placas de PVC. Conclusiones. Nuestros hallazgos indican que el reclutamiento coralino es bajo en la zona de estudio y que las placas de terracota pueden ser un mejor sustrato experimental que las de PVC para evaluar el reclutamiento de corales pociloporidos en el Pacífico mexicano; sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para corroborar esta suposición.

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the 21st century, fertility rates have decreased and life expectancy has increased, with more people with disabilities and dependent on others requiring more specialized nursing care. Objective: To describe the evolution of education/training in rehabilitation nursing. Methodology: Documental search conducted in the Portuguese official journal (Diário da República), with hermeneutic analysis and interpretation of the sources on the specialty of rehabilitation nursing since 2006. Results: Several curricula of postgraduate specialization and master’s degrees in rehabilitation nursing have been approved since 2006. Several course units were gradually integrated into the curricula, such as Statistical Epidemiology and Demography, Psychosocial Aspects of Disability, Health Care Policies and Models, and Internships in Rehabilitation Nursing Care for People with Cancer and at the End of Life. Conclusion: Education/training in rehabilitation nursing evolved under the influence of political and socio-demographic changes. With the technological and scientific advances and the evolution of health systems, rehabilitation nursing care has evolved in terms of innovation and education/training within a legal framework and based on specific competencies.

Resumen Marco contextual: Desde principios de siglo se ha producido un descenso de la natalidad y un mayor envejecimiento de la población, con más personas con discapacidad y dependencia, que requieren más cuidados especializados de enfermería. Objetivo: Describir la evolución en la formación de la especialidad en enfermería de rehabilitación. Metodología: Recopilación documental en el Diario de la República, con análisis e interpretación hermenéutica de las fuentes con referencia a la especialidad de enfermería de rehabilitación, publicadas desde 2006. Resultados: Se aprobaron varios planes de estudio de posgrado de especialización y máster en enfermería de rehabilitación. Progresivamente, se incluyeron unidades curriculares, como Epidemiología Estadística y Demografía, Aspectos Psicosociales de la Discapacidad, Políticas y Modelos de Atención Sanitaria y Prácticas de Atención de Enfermería de Rehabilitación a la Persona con Problemas Oncológicos y al Final de la Vida. Conclusión: La formación en enfermería de rehabilitación ha evolucionado con la influencia de los cambios políticos y sociodemográficos. Con los avances tecnológicos y científicos, así como con la evolución de los sistemas sanitarios, los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación han evolucionado en innovación y formación, con marcos legales y competencias específicas.

Resumo Enquadramento: Desde o início do século que se verifica uma diminuição da natalidade e maior envelhecimento populacional, existindo mais pessoas com incapacidade e dependência, exigindo cuidados de enfermagem mais especializados. Objetivo: Descrever a evolução na formação da especialidade em enfermagem de reabilitação. Metodologia: Recolha documental no Diário da República, com análise e interpretação hermenêutica das fontes com referência à especialidade de enfermagem de reabilitação, publicadas desde 2006. Resultados: Foram aprovados vários planos de estudo de pós-licenciatura de especialização e mestrado em enfermagem de reabilitação. Progressivamente, houve inclusão de unidades curriculares como Epidemiologia Estatística e Demografia, Aspetos Psicossociais da Incapacidade, Políticas e Modelos de Cuidados de Saúde e Estágios de Cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação à Pessoa com Problemas Oncológicos e em Fim de Vida. Conclusão: A formação em enfermagem de reabilitação desenvolveu-se com influência das alterações políticas e sociodemográficas. Com os avanços tecnológicos, científicos e a evolução dos sistemas de saúde, os cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação têm evoluído na inovação e formação, com enquadramento legal e nas competências específicas.

ABSTRACT Background. Sclerobionts (e.g., calcareous algae, bryozoans, polychaetes, mollusks, and barnacles) produce reef calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Their contribution is key to maintaining positive CaCO3 balances, especially in marginal reefs. Objective. To compare the production of CaCO3 by sclerobionts in two marginal reefs of the Mexican Pacific: Las Gatas (LG), in Zihuatanejo Guerrero Bay, and La Llave (LL), in Bahía de Los Angeles (Gulf of California). Methods. CAUs (Calcification/Accretion Units) were used to promote sclerobiont recruitment during two deployment times: 6 and 15 months. Results. The calcification rate was high at six months and then decreased due to rapid colonization and initial growth, followed by a decrease over time. Sclerobionts deposited 1.2 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 in LG, which represents 7% of the production of branching corals in the Mexican South Pacific (17.2 kg m-2 yr-1), while in LL, they deposited 2.1 ± 0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; equivalent to 20% of the production of massive corals in the area (10.1 kg m-2 yr-1). The groups that deposited most CaCO3 were mollusks and bryozoans in LG (up to 0.65 ± 0.16 kg m-2 yr-1) and barnacles in LL (up to 2.32 ± 0.35 kg m-2 yr-1). Conclusions. These results highlight the role of heterotrophs as secondary calcifiers both in LG, a site impacted by anthropogenic activity, and in LL, an area with low anthropogenic impact but high biological productivity associated with upwellings. This finding implies that the environmental conditions at the study sites limit the calcification of primary calcifiers (i.e., corals and CCA) but promote that of secondary calcifiers, with potential geomorphic repercussions.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los esclerobiontes (e.g., algas calcáreas, briozoos, poliquetos, moluscos, y balanos) participan en la producción de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) arrecifal. Su contribución es vital para mantener balances de CaCO3 positivos, especialmente en arrecifes marginales. Objetivo. Comparar la producción de CaCO3 por esclerobiontes en un arrecife sujeto a estrés antropogénico - Las Gatas (LG), en la bahía de Zihuatanejo Guerrero, y otro bajo condiciones ambientales altamente fluctuantes - La Llave (LL), en Bahía de Los Ángeles (Golfo de California). Métodos. Se utilizaron CAUs (Calcification/Accretion Units) para promover el reclutamiento de esclerobiontes durante dos periodos de inmersión: 6 y 15 meses. Resultados. La tasa de calcificación fue alta a los 6 meses y luego disminuyó debido a la rápida colonización y crecimiento inicial seguido de una disminución con el tiempo. Los esclerobiontes depositaron 1.2 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2 año-1 en LG, lo que representa el 7% de la producción de corales ramificados en el Pacífico sur mexicano (17.2 kg m-2 año-1), mientras que en LL depositaron 2.1 ± 0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2 año-1, equivalente al 20% de la producción de corales masivos en la zona (10.1 kg m-2 año-1). Los grupos que más CaCO3 depositaron fueron los moluscos y los briozoos en LG (hasta 0.65 ± 0.16 kg m-2 año-1), y los balanos en LL (hasta 2.32 ± 0.35 kg m-2 año-1). Conclusiones. Estos resultados destacan el papel de los heterótrofos como calcificadores secundarios tanto en LG, un sitio impactado por actividad antropogénica, como en LL, un sitio con bajo impacto antropogénico, pero con alta productividad biológica asociada a surgencias. Este hallazgo implica que las condiciones ambientales en los sitios de estudio limitan la calcificación de los calcificadores primarios (i.e., corales y CCA) pero estimulan la de calcificadores secundarios, con potenciales repercusiones geomórficas.

ABSTRACT Background. Gene expression (GE) plasticity is an acclimation response that allows organisms to adjust rapidly to environmental changes, providing an adaptive advantage. GE biomarkers are emerging as a valuable tool for linking the organism’s physiological plasticity with the synergetic effects of large-scale climatic conditions and local impacts such as temperature and nutrients. Objectives. In this study, we investigate the GE plasticity of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CA) to confirm the ability of those two genes as biomarkers of the Cellular Stress Response and Cellular Homeostasis Response, respectively. Methods. Using qPCR, we evaluate the GE plasticity of coral colonies from Pocillopora capitata, Pocillopora damicornis, and Pocillopora verrucosa at the Carrizales reef (Colima coast of Mexico) naturally exposed to environmental changes in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), productivity and nutrients using the cellular density of Symbiodiniaceae and chlorophyll content as health indices. Results. Our results clearly show GE plasticity in the hsp70 for Pocillopora verrucosa and Pocillopora damicornis related to a daily environmental change in temperature and nutrients. On the other hand, the CA gene expression shows no change in response to daily variations. However, there was a significantly high expression of CA and a lower expression of hsp70 in Pocillopora capitata. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in the health indices, suggesting some degree of physiological plasticity in Pocillopora corals like its extensive morphological plasticity that could reflect different adaptation capacities to low temperatures and high nutrients during the spring season in the central Mexican Pacific. Conclusions. Evaluating the phenotypic plasticity (morphology and molecular physiology) could help identify coral colonies with a more significant potential to survive environmental stressors. The latter is an essential consideration for managing, conserving, and restoring coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. La plasticidad de la expresión génica (GE) es una respuesta inmediata de aclimatación al cambio ambiental que puede proporcionar una ventaja adaptativa. Los biomarcadores de GE están emergiendo como una herramienta valiosa para vincular la plasticidad fisiológica del organismo con los efectos sinérgicos del cambio climático y el impacto local como la temperatura y nutrientes. Objetivos. Investigamos la plasticidad de la expresión de genes que codifican para la proteína de choque térmico de 70-kDa (hsp70) y la enzima anhidrasa carbónica (CA) para confirmar su utilidad como biomarcadores de la respuesta de estrés y de homeostasis celular, respectivamente. Métodos. Evaluamos la GE mediante qPCR en colonias de corales Pocillopora capitata, Pocillopora damicornis y Pocillopora verrucosa del arrecife Carrizales (Colima, México) expuestas a un cambio natural en la temperatura de la superficie del mar (SST), productividad primaria y nutrientes utilizando la densidad de Symbiodiniaceae y el contenido de clorofila como indicadores de salud. Resultados. La plasticidad de la GE de hsp70 en Pocillopora damicornis y Pocillopora verrucosa se asocia con la variación diaria de temperatura y nutrientes, mientras que el gen de la CA no muestra cambios de expresión relacionada con esta variabilidad. Sin embargo, en Pocillopora capitata se encontró una expresión significativamente mayor de CA y una menor expresión de hsp70. Estos resultados reflejan un grado de plasticidad fisiológica en corales Pocillopora similar a la extensa plasticidad morfológica dentro de este género, lo que podría sugerir diferentes capacidades de adaptación a la temporada primaveral de bajas temperaturas y alto contenido de nutrientes en la región. Conclusiones. Evaluar la plasticidad fenotípica (morfología y fisiología molecular) podría ser útil para identificar colonias de corales con un mayor potencial de sobrevivencia al estrés ambiental. Lo anterior resulta relevante para la conservación, manejo y restauración de los arrecifes de coral del Pacífico mexicano.

ABSTRACT Background. Few investigations use functional diversity and the reef functional index (IFA) to assess the state of reef communities. Objectives. Evaluate physical functionality as an indicator of fish habitat availability and its relationship with functional diversity. Methods. The physical functionality of the reef was evaluated using the IFA, integrating data on coral cover, structural complexity, and calcification rate. The structure of the fish assemblages was analyzed by calculating functional diversity indices (richness, evenness, and divergence) based on six functional traits (body size, mobility, activity period, type of aggregation, position in the water column, and diet). The relationship between functional diversity and IFA was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results. Área de Restauración showed the highest values in the IFA; on the contrary, Túnel Amarradero presented the lowest values. In both sites, a greater presence of Pocillopora verrucosa was observed. Functional diversity presented the lowest values in the three functional indices in Área de Restauración. Linear regression analyses were not significant. Conclusions. No linear relationship was found between the IFA and functional diversity; this can be attributed to the fact that in sites with low coral cover, such as Islas Marietas, the functional diversity of fish presents a weak relationship with the three-dimensionality provided by corals since in sites with low coral cover, other structural elements (geologic features and rock substrates) could promote these three-dimensional structures.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Pocas investigaciones emplean la diversidad funcional y el Índice de Función Arrecifal (IFA) para evaluar el estado de las comunidades arrecifales. Objetivo. Evaluar la funcionalidad física como indicador de disponibilidad de hábitat de peces y su relación con la diversidad funcional. Métodos. La funcionalidad física del arrecife se evaluó mediante el IFA integrando datos de cobertura coralina, complejidad estructural y tasa de calcificación. La estructura de los ensamblajes de peces se analizó mediante el cálculo de índices de diversidad funcional (riqueza, equidad y divergencia) con base en seis atributos funcionales (tamaño corporal, movilidad, periodo de actividad, tipo de agregación, posición en la columna de agua y dieta). La relación entre la diversidad funcional del ensamblaje y el IFA se evaluó mediante un análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados. La Zona de Restauración presentó los valores más altos en el IFA; por el contrario, Túnel Amarradero presentó los valores más bajos. En ambos sitios se observó una mayor presencia de Pocillopora verrucosa. La diversidad funcional presentó los valores más bajos en los tres índices funcionales en la Zona de Restauración. Los análisis de regresión lineal no fueron significativos. Conclusiones. No se encontró una relación lineal entre el IFA y la diversidad funcional, esto puede atribuirse a que en sitios con baja cobertura coralina como Islas Marietas, la diversidad funcional de peces presenta una débil relación con la tridimensionalidad otorgada por los corales. Lo anterior debido a que, en sitios con baja cobertura coralina, otros elementos estructurales (características geológicas y sustratos rocosos) podrían proveer de esas estructuras tridimensionales.

ABSTRACT Background. Coral reefs provide several important geo-ecological functions essential for the sustainability of coastal human communities. However, during the last 50 years, reef ecosystems are experiencing rapid degradation caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. One consequence of the above has been the reduction in the carbonate production rate and the structural complexity of these systems. Particularly, the loss of key coral species in the construction of reefs has compromised the functionality of the ecosystem. Objective. In this study we used an adaptation of the ReefBudget methodology to measure the calcium carbonate budget in the reef of La Entrega, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods. Six transects were carried out to estimate the abundance of eroding fish (25 x 4 m), sea urchins (25 x 2 m) and the composition of the benthos. Results. When carrying out the corresponding calculations, it was found that in La Entrega 13.72 kg m-2 year-1 (commonly referred as “G”) are produced, the endobioerosion (including erosion by sponges) calculated was 5.65 G. The sea urchin erosion is 0.12 G and that of fish is 0.73 G; the resulting net carbonate budget was 7.21 G. The accretion rate (vertical reef growth) at La Entrega reef was 7.07 mm yr-1. We consider it important to mention that the reef patch at La Entrega is relatively small (approximately 324 x 233 m) compared to formations in the Caribbean or Indo-Pacific regions. Conclusions. Net production at La Entrega is higher than estimated for most Caribbean reefs (2-4 G) but lower than that of the Indo-Pacific (5-14 G). Differences in the balance between regions are mainly associated with differences in the abundances of builder species in each region. According to what was modeled in this work, the La Entrega reef patch presents a sufficient accretion rate to deal with a possible rise in sea level under the RCP 4.5 and 2.6 scenarios (4 and 7 mm, respectively).

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los arrecifes de coral proporcionan diversas funciones geo-ecológicas importantes esenciales para la sostenibilidad de las comunidades humanas costeras. Sin embargo, durante los últimos 50 años, los ecosistemas arrecifales están experimentando una rápida degradación ocasionada por perturbaciones naturales y antropogénicas. Una consecuencia de lo anterior ha sido la reducción de la tasa de producción de carbonatos y la complejidad estructural de estos sistemas. Particularmente, la pérdida de especies coralinas clave en la construcción de arrecifes ha comprometido la funcionalidad del ecosistema. Objetivo. En este estudio utilizamos una adaptación de la metodología ReefBudget para medir el balance de carbonato de calcio en el arrecife de La Entrega, Oaxaca, México. Métodos. Se realizaron seis transectos para estimar la de abundancia de peces erosionadores (25 x 4 m), erizos (25 x 2 m) y la composición del bentos. Resultados. Al realizar los cálculos correspondientes, se encontró que en La Entrega se producen 13.72 kg m-2 año-1 (unidades comúnmente referidas con “G”), la endobioerosión (incluida la erosión por esponjas) calculada fue de 5.65 G. La erosión por erizos es de 0.12 G y la de peces es de 0.73 G; el balance neto de carbonatos resultantes fue de 7.21 G. La tasa de acreción (crecimiento vertical del arrecife) en el arrecife de La Entrega fue de 7.07 mm año-1. Consideramos importante mencionar que el parche arrecifal en La Entrega es relativamente pequeño (aproximadamente 324 x 233 m) en comparación con las formaciones de regiones del Caribe o el Indo-Pacífico. Conclusiones. La producción neta en La Entrega es superior a la estimada en la mayoría de los arrecifes del Caribe (2-4 G) pero más baja que la del Indo-Pacífico (5-14 G). Las diferencias en el balance entre regiones están, principalmente, asociadas a las diferencias en las abundancias de especies constructoras en cada región. De acuerdo con lo modelado en este trabajo, el parche arrecifal de La Entrega presenta una tasa de acreción suficiente para lidiar con una posible elevación en el nivel del mar bajo los escenarios RCP 4.5 y 2.6 (4 y 7 mm, respectivamente).

ABSTRACT Background. Corals play a fundamental role in reef structure and function because of their ability to deposit calcium carbonate and contribute to the formation of complex three-dimensional structures. However, the functioning potential of a reef community, in terms of its building capacity, is affected by the relative abundance of coral species on the reef. Objectives. Evaluate the physical functionality of coral reefs at six sites in the Parque Nacional Zona Marina del Archipiélago Espíritu Santo (PNZMAES). Methods. The Reef Functional Index (RFI) was implemented as a metric of physical functionality; this tool considers the calcification rate, structural complexity, and abundance of coral species at each site. Results. Las Navajas and San Gabriel sites had the highest coral cover, with 74.72 % and 60.14 %, respectively, while La Ballena was the site with the lowest coral cover (6.77 %). In terms of IFA, the sites with the highest index were Las Navajas (0.68) and San Gabriel (0.65), dominated by Pocillopora meandrina and Pocillopora verrucosa corals, respectively. The site with the lowest IFA was La Ballena (0.35), with Pocillopora verrucosa being the predominant coral. Coral species of the genus Pocillopora were predominant in all sites and contributed the most to the Reef Function Index. Conclusions. The Reef Function Index helped to complement the information on the coral assemblage in the PNZMAES and to understand the performance of coral species in the reef functioning of the Mexican Pacific.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los corales desempeñan un papel fundamental en la estructura y función del arrecife debido a su capacidad para depositar carbonato de calcio y contribuir con la formación de estructuras tridimensionales complejas. Sin embargo, el potencial de funcionamiento de una comunidad arrecifal, en términos de su capacidad de construcción, es afectado por la abundancia relativa de las especies de coral que se encuentran en el arrecife. Objetivos. Evaluar la funcionalidad física de los arrecifes de coral en seis sitios del Parque Nacional Zona Marina del Archipiélago Espíritu Santo (PNZMAES). Métodos. Se implementó el Índice Funcional Arrecifal (IFA) como métrica de funcionalidad física; esta herramienta considera la tasa de calcificación, la complejidad estructural y la abundancia de las especies de coral en cada sitio. Resultados. Los sitios Las Navajas y San Gabriel presentaron la cobertura de coral mayor con 74.72 % y 60.14 %, respectivamente, mientras que La Ballena fue el sitio con menor cobertura coralina (6.77 %). En cuanto al IFA, los sitios que presentaron el mayor valor fueron Las Navajas (0.68) y San Gabriel (0.65), dominados por los corales Pocillopora meandrina y Pocillopora verrucosa, respectivamente. El sitio con menor IFA fue La Ballena (0.35), donde Pocillopora verrucosa predominó. Las especies de coral del género Pocillopora son los que predominaron en todos los sitios y los que tuvieron una mayor contribución al IFA. Conclusiones. El IFA ayudó a complementar la información del ensamblaje de corales en el PNZMAES y a entender el desempeño que tienen las especies de coral en el funcionamiento arrecifal del Pacífico mexicano.

ABSTRACT Salmonella is one of the main causes of gastroenteritis and bacteremia worldwide. On certain occasions, it can also be the causative agent of iliac artery aneurysm in patients with predisposing factors: older than 60 years, diabetics, hypertensive and undergoing surgery. The objective of the publication was to show the presence of mycotic aneurysm due to salmonella in the right iliac artery, in a male patient who presented fever, liquid stools and tumor mass in the inguinal region. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis, vascular ultrasonography and Angiotac, helped to take the most appropriate therapeutic approach. Bacterial iliac aneurysms are not so uncommon, and the vascular surgeon must know which therapeutic approach to choose in each case. Endovascular procedures and open surgery are two options that should always be combined with antimicrobial therapy.

RESUMEN Salmonella es una de las principales causas de gastroenteritis y bacteriemia a nivel mundial. En determinadas ocasiones, puede ser, además, el agente causal de aneurisma de la arteria ilíaca en pacientes con factores predisponentes: mayores de 60 años, diabéticos, hipertensos y sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas. El objetivo de la publicación fue evidenciar la presencia de aneurisma micótico por salmonella en iliaca derecha, en un paciente masculino que presentó fiebre, deposiciones líquidas y masa tumoral en región inguinal; para el cual, el diagnóstico clínico, de laboratorio, la ultrasonografía vascular y el Angiotac, ayudaron a tomar la conducta terapéutica más adecuada. Los aneurismas de iliacas de causa bacteriana no son tan infrecuentes, y el cirujano vascular debe saber qué conducta terapéutica elegir en cada caso. Los procederes endovasculares y la cirugía a cielo abierto son dos opciones que deben ser combinadas siempre con la terapia antimicrobiana.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Las áreas silvestres protegidas (ASP) tienen como tarea principal la protección de la biodiversidad de un área determinada, para lo cual es fundamental limitar el ingreso de especies exóticas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue registrar las especies de plantas exóticas que prosperan al interior de ASP de Chile y describir algunos patrones florísticos que determinan la presencia y distribución de las especies. M&M: Se recopilaron antecedentes para 35 ASP, en donde fue reportado el número total y la proporción de especies exóticas. Con estos datos se obtuvo la riqueza y se calculó un índice de invasibilidad para cada ASP. Se realizaron análisis de la composición de especies y se determinaron patrones florísticos a través de análisis de ordenamiento, similitud y regresión. Resultados: Se registró un total de 355 especies de plantas exóticas presentes en las 35 ASP. La Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo presentó la mayor riqueza de especies exóticas, en tanto que la mayor proporción con relación al total de especies y la mayor invasibilidad fueron registradas en el Monumento Natural Cerro Ñielol. La distancia a la ciudad más cercana, la precipitación y la temperatura fueron las variables ambientales de mayor incidencia sobre los diferentes ensambles de especies exóticas que exhiben las ASP. Discusión: La riqueza de plantas exóticas al interior de las ASP es alta, con relación a la flora adventicia total que presenta Chile. La evidencia mostrada sugiere una baja proporción de plantas exóticas compartidas entre las ASP distribuidas en los diferentes bioclimas considerados. Este tipo de estudios constituyen la base para la confección de listas de riesgo y el diseño de programas en la gestión de las especies de plantas exóticas.

Summary Background and aims: The main goal of Protected Wild Areas (in spanish ASP) is to protect biodiversity. Limiting the entry of exotic species is an essential priority. The objective of this study was to register exotic plants species within Chile's ASP and to describe floristic patterns which determine species presence and distribution, M&M: Information was collected across 35 ASP, and total number of flora species and the proportion of exotic plants were reported. Richness was obtained and an invasibility index calculated on each ASP Species composition analysis and floristic patterns determination were carried out through statistical analyses of ordering, similarity and regression. Results: A total of 355 exotic plant species were recorded across the studied ASP. The Reserva Nacional Rio Clarillo had the greatest species richness, while the highest proportion and invasibility occurred in the Monumento Natural Cerro Ñielol. The distance to the nearest city, precipitation and temperature were the environmental variables with the highest incidence on the different assemblages of exotic species that exhibit ASP. Discussion: Exotic plants richness within ASP was high, in relation to the total adventitious flora that Chile presents. The evidence shown suggests a low proportion of exotic plants shared among the ASP distributed in the different bioclimates considered. These types of studies constitute the basis for the preparation of risk lists and the design of management programs for exotic plant species.

This study proposes a screen of variables that have an influence on the modification of the bio-oil chemical composition as a unique critical quality attribute (CQA) throughout the pyrolytic process (zeolite, ZSM-5) by using a 24 full factorial design, followed by optimization through a response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) involving samples of biomass sorghum BRS716 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The pyrolysis of pure biomasses and the biomass impregnated with the catalyst was carried out in a vertical bench furnace at 500 °C. Screening design involved factor variation in two levels (-1 and +1) of four variables as critical process parameters (CPPs) such as furnace heating rate (°C min-1), nitrogen flow (mL min-1), amount of biomass (g), and catalyst (% m/m), leading to obtaining bio-oil. Thus, it was possible to create a response surface from these two variables (biomass and catalyst), in which a minimum critical point was reached. The production of a bio-oil rich in hydrocarbon compounds is possible, but a large amount of catalyst was required. Two analytical techniques based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, provided additional information to fully characterize bio-oil chemical composition. biooil bio oil CQA (CQA zeolite, zeolite (zeolite ZSM5 ZSM 5 ZSM-5 2 RSM (RSM CCD (CCD BRS BRS71 Sorghum L Moench. Moench . Moench) 50 C °C 1 (- +1 CPPs (CPPs min1, min1 min , min-1) mL g, g (g) % ( m/m, mm m/m m m/m) biooil. oil. Thus catalyst, catalyst) reached required GCMS GC MS (GC-MS midinfrared mid infrared MIR (MIR spectroscopy ZSM- BRS7 + min-1 (g min-