Abstract Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an efficient parasitoid of Spodoptera eggs. However, biological control programs require taxonomic, bioecological and behavioral studies of biological agents. Although the performance of T. remus in pest control has been evaluated, little is known about its behavioral aspects that can influence IPM tactics. The aim of this study was therefore to study the parameters related to the oviposition behavior of T. remus on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, where 17 females were transferred individually to arenas containing a mass of S. frugiperda eggs. Oviposition behavior was recorded for 30 minutes. The average walking speed of the females was 0.116 mm.s-1 and the total distance covered was 203.3 mm. The females remained on the egg masses for an average of 16.7 min, which corresponds to more than half of the total time. The average number of parasitized eggs was 15.1 per female in 30 minutes. Females with larger antennae had lower values for average speed and total distance covered. The results of the parameters evaluated show the standard oviposition behavior of T. remus females on S. frugiperda eggs and help us to better understand the species. Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae However taxonomic agents T tactics Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Noctuidae laboratory 1 S 3 minutes 0116 0 116 0.11 mm.s1 mms1 mms mm.s mm s mm.s- 2033 203 203. 167 16 7 16. min time 151 15 15. species 011 11 0.1 s1 20 01 0. 2

ABSTRACT Neotropical Annonaceae-derived bioinsecticides have shown promising control of insect pest species. In order to develop an alternative tool for control Zaprionus indianus (Gupta, 1970), an important invasive pest of Brazilian orchards, this study investigated the insecticidal activity of a formulation prepared from ethanolic seed extract of different Annona species (Annona mucosa Jacq., Annona muricata L., and Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil.) at discriminatory concentration of 2000 mg L-1 in comparison with a limonoid-based bioinsecticide and a synthetic insecticide (spinetoram) as positive controls. In an ingestion and topical application bioassay, the formulation based on A. mucosa caused more than 95% mortality, which was equivalent to the mortality caused by the synthetic insecticide spinetoram. In a free-choice bioassay, A. mucosa (83%), bioinsecticide (88%) and synthetic insecticide (98%) produced a significant reduction in the number of eggs per fruit. In addition, formulations based on A. mucosa, A. sylvatica, A. muricata and bioinsecticide resulted in a 50% reduction in egg viability. In the field, A. mucosa and bioinsecticide negatively influenced the infestation by Z. indianus in figs, producing a significant reduction in the number of larvae per fruit (3.6 and 2.29 larvae per fruit, respectively) in relation to the control treatment (11 larvae per fruit). However, they were significantly inferior to the synthetic insecticide (0.71 larvae per fruit). Thus, A. mucosa, bioinsecticide and spinetoram have the potential to be used in the framework of Z. indianus management.

Novos compósitos magnéticos anfifílicos foram preparados pelo crescimento de nanotubos e nanofibras de carbono contendo partículas magnéticas através de deposição química de vapor (CVD), utilizando etanol como fonte de carbono e lama vermelha (RM, subproduto do processo Bayer de produção de alumina) como suporte e catalisador. Monitoramento da reação CVD à temperatura programada (TPCVD), difração de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia Mössbauer, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), espectroscopia Raman, termogravimetria (TG/DTA), análise elementar (CHN), determinação de área superficial (BET), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e de transmissão (TEM) e medidas magnéticas mostraram que etanol reduz íons de ferro na RM para formar fases magnéticas, por exemplo Fe3O4 e Fe0, e depósitos de carbono (5-42 wt.%) na forma de nanotubos e nanofibras. A combinação de nanoestruturas hidrofóbicas de carbono com óxidos hidrofílicos de Al, Si e Ti presentes na lama vermelha produziu materiais anfifílicos com excelente interação com a interface água-óleo. Misturas de óleo de soja ou de decalina com água (completamente imiscíveis) foram emulsificadas facilmente na presença dos compósitos anfifílicos. Quando os compósitos foram adicionados a uma emulsão água-biodiesel estável, as partículas anfifílicas difundiram-se para a interface água- óleo. As partículas do compósito foram atraídas por ímãs e carregaram com elas as gotas de óleo, levando à completa desemulsificação e separação entre biodiesel e água.

New magnetic amphiphilic composites were prepared by the catalytic carbon vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers using ethanol as carbon source and red mud waste (RM, a by-product of the Bayer process of alumina production) as catalyst and support. Temperature-programmed CVD (TPCVD), analyses by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), elemental analysis (CHN), superficial area determination (BET), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies and magnetic measurements showed that ethanol reduces the iron ions in the red mud to form magnetic phases, e.g., Fe3O4 and Fe0, and carbon deposits (5-42 wt.%), particularly nanotubes and nanofibers. The combination of the hydrophobic carbon nanostructures with the hydrophilic Al, Si and Ti oxides present in the RM produced amphiphilic materials with excellent interaction with the water-oil interface. Soybean oil or decalin mixtures with water (completely immiscible) were easily emulsified in the presence of the amphiphilic composites. When the composites were added to stable biodiesel-water emulsions, the amphiphilic particles diffused to the interface oil-water. These composite particles were attracted by a magnet, carrying the oil droplets with them and leading to the complete demulsification and separation of the biodiesel from the water.