Abstract Uncaria tomentosa (UT) extracts have been shown to have promising anti-tumor activity. We hypothesized that its incorporation into nanostructured systems could improve the anticancer properties. Here, poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) and poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) were employed to generate nanoparticles loaded with UT extract in a single emulsion solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology and entrapment efficiency along with stability and release profiles. The nanoparticles presented entrapment efficiencies above 60% and a mean diameter below 300nm. UT-PCL nanoparticles presented higher entrapment efficiency and mean particle size as well as a slow release rate. The UT-PLGA nanoparticles showed higher drug loading. Two prostate cancer cell-lines, LNCaP and DU145 that were derived from metastatic sites, served as model systems to assess cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activity. In vitro, both formulations reduced the viability of DU145 and LNCaP cells. Yet, the UT-PLGA nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity towards DU145 cells while the UTPCL against LNCaP cells. The results confirm that the incorporation of UT into nanoparticles could enhance its anti-cancer activities that can offer a viable alternative for the treatment of prostrate canner and highlights the potential of nanostructured systems to provide a promising methodology to enhance the activity of natural extracts.

Apoptose, proliferação e histomorfometria do baço foram investigados em ratas Wistar adultas ovariectomizadas e não-ovariectomizadas, mantidas em hipotireoidismo induzido pela administração diária de propiltiouracil (PTU) por 120 dias. Dois grupos eutireóideos ovariectomizados e não-ovariectomizados serviram como controle. Foi colhido o plasma para dosagem de T4 livre e o baço para análise da histomorfometria, do índice apoptótico e da expressão imunohistoquímica de caspase 3 e CDC47. Valores de T4 livre foram menores nas ratas tratadas com PTU (p < 0,05). Nos grupos hipotireóideos houve redução do peso do baço, do número e do tamanho dos folículos linfóides e aumento do índice apoptótico e da expressão de caspase 3 (p < 0,05). Porém, o baço de ratas hipotireóideas ovariectomizadas apresentou aumento menos acentuado do índice apoptótico e da expressão de caspase 3 do que o baço de ratas hipotireóideas não-ovariectomizadas (p < 0,05). O grupo eutireóideo ovariectomizado apresentou hiperplasia da polpa branca em relação ao grupo eutireóideo não-ovariectomizado. Não houve diferença na expressão de CDC47 entre os grupos. Conclui-se que a hipofunção tireoidiana e gonadal apresentam efeitos distintos no baço e que na associação hipotireoidismo-hipogonadismo há aumento menos acentuado do índice apoptótico e da expressão de caspase-3 esplênica do que no hipotireoidismo isolado.

Apoptosis, proliferation and histomorphometry of spleen were investigated in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized adult Wistar rats maintained in hypothyroidism induced by daily administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) during 120 days. Two groups ovariectomized euthyroid and non-ovariectomized euthyroid were used as controls. Plasma was collected for free T4 dosage and the spleen for histomorphometry analysis, apoptosis index and the immunohistochemistry expression of caspase 3 and CDC47. Values of free T4 were lower in rats treated with PTU (p<0.05). In the hypothyroid groups there was some decrease in the spleen weight as well as the number and size of lymphoid follicles and there was some increase in the apoptotic index and the caspase 3 expression (p<0.05). However, the increase in the apoptosis index and the expression of caspase 3 in ovariectomized hypothyroid rats spleen was less accentuated than non-ovariectomized hypothyroid ones (p<0.05). The ovariectomized euthyroid group presented white pulp hyperplasia in comparison to the non-ovariectomized euthyroid group. There was no difference in the CDC47 expression between groups. It was concluded that the thyroid and ovarian hypofunction have distinct effects on the spleen and that in the hypothyroidism-hypogonadism association, the increase in the apoptosis index and in the expression of splenic caspase 3 is not as much as in isolated hypothyroidism.